Bloodstream infections epidemiology and clinical outcomes after 1 year post allogeneic hematogenous stem cell transplantation.

Background: Bloodstream infections (BSIs) are a serious threat for patients undergoing allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplants (a-HSCT). MDR colonization is highly prevalent among a-HSCT patients, due to drug-induced intestinal dysbiosis. Primary outcome of the study was to assess the epidemiology and risk factors for BSIs in the 1st year after a-HSCT.

Concurrent and Subsequent Co-Infections of Colitis in the Era of Gut Microbiota and Expanding Treatment Options.

We narratively reviewed the physiopathology, epidemiology, and management of co-infections in colitis (CDI) by searching the following keywords in Embase, MedLine, and PubMed: "", "co-infection", "blood-stream infection" (BSI), "fungemia", "", "", "probiotics", "microbial translocation" (MT). Bacterial BSIs (mainly by and ) and fungemia (mainly by ) may occur in up to 20% and 9% of CDI, increasing mortality and length of hospitalization. Up to 68% of the isolates are multi-drug-resistant bacteria.

The Manifesto of Pharmacoenosis: Merging HIV Pharmacology into Pathocoenosis and Syndemics in Developing Countries.

Pathocoenosis and syndemics theories have emerged in the last decades meeting the frequent need of better understanding interconnections and reciprocal influences that coexistent communicable and non-communicable diseases play in a specific population. Nevertheless, the attention to pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics interactions of co-administered drugs for co-present diseases is to date limitedly paid to alert against detrimental pharmacological combos. Low and middle-income countries are plagued by the highest burden of HIV, tuberculosis, malaria, and helminthiasis, and they are experiencing an alarming rise in non-communicable disorders.

Dual antiretroviral therapies are effective and safe regimens in the central nervous system of neurologically symptomatic people living with HIV.

Objective: Aim of this study was to compare cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) virological control, biomarkers and neurocognition of neurologically symptomatic patients on dual antiretroviral therapies (dual therapy) vs. 2 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors-based three-drug regimens (triple therapy).

Design: Retrospective monocentric cross-sectional study.