Maintaining independence at home after a fall: a process evaluation of the MAINTAIN multicomponent intervention for people living with dementia.

Background: People with dementia who have a fall can experience both physical and psychological effects, often leading to diminished independence. Falls impose economic costs on the healthcare system. Despite elevated fall risks in dementia populations, evidence supporting effective home-based interventions remains limited.

Recyclable Multifunctional Ionic Liquids for Sustainable Electroorganic Oxidations.

The study of electrochemical oxidations has wide-ranging implications, from the development of new electrocatalysts for fuel cells for energy conversion, to the synthesis of fine chemicals. 2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO) has been used for decades as a sustainable, metal-free mediator for chemical oxidations and is now being used for electrochemical oxidations. We describe here a novel approach to TEMPO-mediated electrooxidations, in which the chemical input and waste generated during electrooxidations of alcohols are minimized by using a multifunctional room temperature ionic liquid (RTIL) to facilitate flow electrosynthesis.

Ethnicity and the epidemiology of skin cancer incidence: a national retrospective population-based study in England, 2013-20.

Introduction: Skin cancers primarily affect people of White ethnicity and lighter skin tones, but people of other ethnicities may face diagnostic delays and experience higher mortality, reflecting existing inequities in healthcare. This is the first study showing incidence data from the National Disease Registration Service (NDRS) cancer registry in England for skin cancers stratified by the seven broad ethnic groups.

Methods: We used data from NDRS from 2013-20 to analyse melanoma, acral lentiginous melanoma (ALM), basal cell carcinoma (BCC), cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC), cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL), and Kaposi sarcoma (KS).

Biosynthetic ε-poly-L-lysine for the treatment of extensively- and pan-drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) represents a major cause of antimicrobial resistance-related morbidity and mortality. The recent emergence of highly fatal infections, caused by carbapenem-resistant PA, has called for novel antimicrobial therapies and strategies. In this study, we highlight the therapeutic potential of ε-poly-L-lysine (εPL), an antimicrobial polymer for treating extensively-and pan-drug-resistant-PA.

Novel Thermal Modification of Phosphate Tailings for Enhanced Heavy Metals Immobilization in Soil.

Recent interest in amendments derived from industrial by-products has highlighted their potential for both resource recycling and heavy metal remediation. Phosphate tailings (PT), primarily dolomite-based solid waste with low utilization rates, offer a promising yet underexplored solution. This study pioneers the thermal modification of PT into a novel amendment, thermally modified phosphate tailings (TPT), to assess its adsorption performance, underlying mechanisms, and effectiveness in immobilizing heavy metals in soils.

AHL-based QS signalling promotes uropathogenic Escherichia coli settlement through the de-repression of biofilm formation by SdiA.

Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) are among the first pathogens to colonise in catheter and non-catheter-associated urinary tract infections. However, these infections are often polymicrobial, resulting in multi-species infections that persist by forming biofilms. Living within these highly antimicrobial tolerant communities, bacteria can establish intra- and inter-specific interactions, including quorum sensing (QS)-mediated signalling mechanisms, which play a key role in biofilm establishment and maturation.

Characterisation of dynamic changes in nutritional components and aroma compound formation in natto during fermentation and post-ripening.

Fermentation and post-ripening plays a significant role in shaping the nutritional value, taste, and aroma of natto. This study aimed to analyse nutritional trends in natto during fermentation and ripening, identify its characteristic volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and elucidate their formation pathways. VOCs were detected using HS-GC-IMS combined with sensory evaluation in the study.

Presbyopia-correcting intraocular lenses in eyes with corneal conditions: an update.

Purpose Of Review: Modern presbyopia-correcting intraocular lenses (IOLs) offer a potential solution to address the rising postoperative demand and expectations for spectacle independence following cataract surgery. However, IOL calculation and selection becomes more complex when presented with previous corneal refractive surgery (CRS) or co-existing corneal conditions. This review explores the use of presbyopia-correcting IOLs in eyes with co-existing corneal conditions or surgically altered corneas.

Do turtles get cancer?

Turtles are renowned for their extreme longevity and tremendous range in body size. Theoretically, large, long-lived organisms should face higher cancer risks because of increased cell numbers and lifetime cellular turnover, yet cancer appears to be exceptionally rare in turtles. In the present article, we synthesize the current knowledge on cancer prevalence in turtles, drawing from zoo necropsies, pathology reports, and comparative oncology studies, and present new data spanning additional species that reinforce this pattern.

The Zwicker tone as a model to investigate auditory processing and tinnitus: a scoping review.

The Zwicker tone (ZT) is an auditory illusion experienced by about 50% of the population immediately following a presentation of notched noise (NN). It is a faint, quickly decaying pure tone, the frequency of which falls within the range of the notch. Interestingly, although only half of the general population can perceive ZTs, one study has shown that almost everyone with tinnitus can perceive them.

The maturation of spinal dorsal horn nociceptive neuronal network activity over the postnatal period.

Introduction: The dorsal horn (DH) of the spinal cord is physiologically immature at birth. Spinal excitability increases and wide dynamic range (WDR) neurons in lamina V have lowered activation thresholds and larger receptive field sizes.

Objective: The DH is composed of 5 laminae containing diverse interneuronal populations yet our understanding of the physiology of the DH is based on behavioural studies or extrapolation of single cell WDR recordings to the whole network.

Sleep disturbance and multimorbidity: a cross-sectional and longitudinal study in the knee pain and related health in the community cohort.

Study Objectives: To examine whether there is a temporal association between sleep disturbance and multimorbidity.

Methods: We performed a cross-sectional and longitudinal observational analysis in people aged 40 years or more, recruited from the knee pain and related health in the community cohort study. The primary exposure was the Sleep Problems Index II score in tertiles measured at baseline.

Artificial General Intelligence and Its Threat to Public Health.

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly applied across healthcare and public health, with evidence of benefits including enhanced diagnostics, predictive modelling, operational efficiency, medical education, and disease surveillance.However, potential harms - such as algorithmic bias, unsafe recommendations, misinformation, privacy risks, and sycophantic reinforcement - pose challenges to safe implementation.Far less attention has been directed to the public health threats posed by artificial general intelligence (AGI), a hypothetical form of AI with human-level or greater cognitive capacities.

Small organic ligands for the ecdysone receptor - agrochemicals, gene switches, and beyond.

While pesticides are essential for the world to meet its increasing demand for food, off-target toxicity in humans and other species is an ongoing environmental issue. There is a strong motivation for developing more selective pesticides that can target pest insects, for example, while being benign for beneficial insects such as bees, and other nontarget species more generally. The ecdysone receptor is absent in vertebrates so constitutes a very useful target for green insecticides.

Enhanced recovery following neck of femur fractures - improving outcomes : a survey of current perioperative practice.

Aims: The number of hip fractures is increasing, with significant mortality and morbidity, particularly among frail and comorbid patients. Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) pathways have proven effective in elective orthopaedics, but this has not been investigated in people with hip fractures. This study aimed to identify current perioperative practice and develop a cohesive ERAS pathway tailored for hip fracture patients, to standardize and optimize care.

Development and validation of a prognostic model for predicting the risk of allopurinol-induced severe cutaneous adverse reactions: a retrospective new-user cohort study using linked primary care, hospitalisation, and mortality data.

Background: Allopurinol, the most prescribed urate-lowering drug, is a known cause of severe cutaneous adverse reactions. We aimed to develop and validate a model to assess the risk of allopurinol-induced severe cutaneous adverse reactions in adults newly prescribed allopurinol.

Methods: In this retrospective new-user cohort study, we developed and validated a prognostic model using primary care, hospitalisation, and mortality data extracted from the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) primary care database, for the period Jan 1, 2001, to March 29, 2021.

Single-cell transcriptomic atlas of human retina from Chinese donors reveals population-specific cellular diversity.

The human retina exhibits complex cellular heterogeneity which is critical for visual function, yet comprehensive ethnic-specific references are scarce in ophthalmic transcriptomics. The lack of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data from Asian populations particularly Chinese donors imposes significant limitations in understanding population-specific retinal biology. We constructed the first comprehensive single-cell transcriptomic atlas of the human retina from Chinese donors, generated through high-throughput scRNA-seq of ∼290,000 viable cells obtained from 18 fresh retinal specimens (living donor and post-mortem specimens).

The evidence for biomechanical and physiological parameters as biomarkers to discriminate between individuals with and without non-specific neck pain using sensor devices: A systematic review with meta-analysis.

Neck pain is among the most prevalent musculoskeletal conditions worldwide. The underlying cause mostly remains unidentified, classified as non-specific neck pain. Pain can alter movement patterns and physiological responses, suggesting that certain biomechanical and physiological changes may serve as objective biomarkers for non-specific neck pain.

Exploring touch-colour associations in achromatopsia: A case study.

Crossmodal correspondences - systematic mappings between stimulus attributes in different modalities - are ubiquitous in the general population. For example, high-pitched (vs low-pitched) sounds are commonly associated with elevated (vs low) positions in space, and rounded (vs angular) shapes tend to be linked to the term 'Bouba' (vs 'Kiki'). There is still some debate about the role of immediate sensory experience versus conceptual colour understanding in crossmodal correspondences.

Impulsivity and neuroticism share distinct functional connectivity signatures with alcohol-use risk in youth.

Increases in impulsivity and negative affect (e.g., neuroticism) are common during adolescence and are both associated with risk for alcohol-use initiation and other risk behaviors.

Chitin nanocrystal/carboxymethyl cellulose bilayer emulsion with rigid inner layer and flexible outer shell for ultra-stable encapsulation of fish oil.

The polyunsaturated fatty acids in fish oil are prone to oxidation and have poor dispersibility, which limits their use in the food sector. In this work, oil-in-water emulsions stabilized by chitin nanocrystals (ChNC) were prepared via high-speed homogenization. Anionic carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) was assembled onto cationic ChNC-stabilized emulsion droplet surfaces via layer-by-layer self-assembly technology to construct ChNC/CMC (Ch-C) bilayer emulsions with rigid inner layer and flexible outer shell structures.

'For the love of God, just refer me': a co-produced qualitative study of the experiences of people with Tourette Syndrome and tic disorders accessing healthcare services in the UK.

Objectives: Chronic tic disorders (CTDs)-such as Tourette Syndrome (TS)-are neurodevelopmental disorders affecting at least 1% of the population, causing repetitive involuntary movements and vocalisations known as tics. This study aimed to explore the lived experiences of accessing healthcare for people with CTD or TS and their families in the United Kingdom (UK), as part of a larger programme of work to inform change to healthcare services for this population.

Design: Informed and designed with extensive patient and public involvement, the design utilised qualitative research using focus groups.

The gut-liver axis in progressive steatotic liver disease: A focus on bile acid dysregulation.

Introduction: The gut-liver axis regulates metabolic homeostasis, with bile acids (BAs) serving as key signalling molecules. BA dysregulation is implicated in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and metabolic dysfunction- and alcohol-associated liver disease (MetALD), yet consistent identification of BA markers and their mechanistic roles across different stages of these diseases remain elusive.

Methods: We integrated three complementary studies to examine BA dysregulation: a population-based cohort (1522 females from TwinsUK with serum BA and liver biomarker data), a clinical cohort (30 patients with steatotic liver disease, fibrosis stages F0-F4, and 4 controls), and rodent models (20 rats with MASLD/MetALD vs.

Working across religions, cultures, settings, and development: Protocol for wave 2 data collection with children and parents by the developing belief network.

The Developing Belief Network is a global research collaborative studying religious development in diverse social-cultural settings, with a focus on the intersection of cognitive mechanisms and cultural beliefs and practices in early and middle childhood. The current manuscript describes the study protocol for the network's second wave of data collection, which aims to further explore the development and diversity of religious cognition and behavior using a multi-time point approach. This protocol is designed to investigate three key research questions-how children represent and reason about religious and supernatural agents, how children represent and reason about religion as an aspect of social identity, and how religious and supernatural beliefs are transmitted within and between generations-via a set of eight tasks for children between the ages of 5 and 13 years and a survey completed by their parents/caregivers.