Exploring the role of gender on treatment outcomes in older adults with alcohol use disorder.

Background: Alcohol use disorder (AUD) among older adults, particularly with respect to gender differences in treatment outcomes, remains underexplored. Our objective was to explore gender differences in AUD treatment outcomes among older adults, focusing on continuous measures (e.g.

Overexpression of ATase1 and ATase2 disrupts the secretome and causes a progeria phenotype.

Nε-lysine acetylation in the lumen of the ER requires two acetyltransferases, ATase1/NAT8B and ATase2/NAT8. They are type II membrane proteins and belong to the larger GNAT superfamily of acetyltransferases. Their enzymatic activity is tightly coupled to the import of acetyl-CoA in the lumen of the ER by AT-1/SLC33A1.

Genome-scale prediction of gene ontology from mass fingerprints reveals new metabolic gene functions.

Mass-based fingerprinting can characterize microorganisms; however, expansion of these methods to predict specific gene functions is lacking. Therefore, mass fingerprinting was developed to functionally profile a yeast knockout library. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) fingerprints of 3,238 knockouts were digitized for correlation with gene ontology (GO).

Systemic cardiovascular and carotid baroreflex support of arterial pressure during recovery from passive heat stress in young and older adults.

We evaluated the systemic cardiovascular and carotid baroreflex support of arterial pressure during recovery from whole-body, passive heating in young and older adults. Supine mean arterial pressure (MAP), cardiac output (Q; acetylene washin), systemic vascular conductance (SVC), heart rate (HR), and stroke volume (SV) were evaluated in 16 young (8F, 18-29 years) and nine older (6F, 61-73 years) adults at normothermic baseline and for 60-min passive heating and 120-min normothermic recovery. Externally applied neck pressure was used to evaluate HR, brachial vascular conductance, and MAP responses to carotid baroreceptor unloading.

Effects of fermentable fiber and polyphenol supplementation on mood and cognition in adults during hypobaric hypoxia exposure.

This study investigated the effects of fermentable fiber and polyphenol supplementation on mood and cognition following rapid ascent to simulated 4300 m. Healthy adults (n = 13, 21 ± 3 years) participated in a randomized, placebo-controlled crossover study consisting of three, 2-week phases separated by ≥1 week. Food products containing the fiber and polyphenol supplement or placebo were consumed during each phase.

Evaluation of Hospital Implementation of a Mandate to Report Gunshot Wounds to Law Enforcement.

This study examined the implementation of a state law in the southern United States that required hospitals to report gunshot wounds (GSWs) to law enforcement by exploring changes in the proportion of reported GSW cases in a level 1 trauma center. In the first year of implementation, 95.7% of the GSW admissions who arrived via a private vehicle or walked in were reported to law enforcement; this decreased to 71.

Aging performance and bacteria adhesion of 3D-printed, CAD/CAM-milled, and conventional definitive denture resins.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the performance of 3D-printed denture base resins (DBRs) compared with conventionally printed DBRs, examine their biofilm formation and physical properties, and determine the viability of 3D-printed DBRs as a superior alternative in removable prosthodontics.

Methods: The DBR samples were fabricated using traditional packing (TRA), milling (MIL), and 3D printing (3DP) methods. All samples were serially polished with an abrasive paper.

Influence of titanium-base and universal abutment heights on the adaptation and fracture of screw-and-cemented-retained lithium disilicate crowns.

Purpose: This in vitro study evaluated the adaptation and fracture resistance of screw- and cement-retained implant-supported restorations using lithium disilicate crowns cemented onto titanium bases and universal abutments of different heights.

Methods: Thirty crowns were designed, milled, and divided into three groups: TBA (titanium base abutment - 4.7-mm-height and 4.

Innate and adaptive immune features associated with immune-related adverse events.

Background: While highly efficacious for numerous cancers, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) can cause unpredictable and potentially severe immune-related adverse events (irAEs), underscoring the need to understand irAE biology.

Methods: We used a multidimensional approach incorporating single-cell RNA sequencing, mass cytometry, multiplex cytokine assay, and antinuclear antibody (ANA) profiling to characterize the peripheral immune landscape of patients receiving ICI therapy according to irAE development.

Results: Analysis of 162 patients revealed that individuals who developed clinically significant irAEs exhibited a baseline proinflammatory, autoimmune-like state characterized by a significantly higher abundance of CD57 T and natural killer (NK) T cells, plasmablasts, proliferating and activated CXCR3 lymphocytes, CD8 effector and terminal effector memory T cells, along with reduced NK cells and elevated plasma ANA levels.

Reprogramming the immunologically cold landscape of prostate cancer through MAOA inhibition.

Prostate cancer (PC) is notoriously known for exhibiting an immunologically cold phenotype in the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), leading to the need for interventions to enhance immunotherapy efficacy. Recent findings by Zhao in the identified stromal monoamine oxidase A (MAOA), a key enzyme that degrades monoamine neurotransmitters and plays a role in the neuroendocrine system, as a critical regulator of the immune response to PC. Altering MAOA levels in myofibroblastic cancer-associated fibroblasts, either genetically or pharmacologically, can reprogram PC's TIME to modulate CD8 T cell-mediated cytotoxicity through the WNT5A-Ca²-NFATC1 signaling axis, highlighting the stromal influences on CD8 T cell cytotoxic activity within the TIME.

Tandem CAR-T cells targeting mesothelin and MUC16 overcome tumor heterogeneity by targeting one antigen at a time.

Background: Tumor heterogeneity and antigen escape are mechanisms of resistance to chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy, especially in solid tumors. Targeting multiple antigens with a unique CAR construct could be a strategy for a better tumor control than monospecific CAR-T cells on heterogeneous models. To overcome tumor heterogeneity, we targeted mesothelin (meso) and Mucin 16 (MUC16), two antigens commonly expressed in solid tumors, using a tandem CAR design.

Comparative efficacy and safety of PSCA CAR-engineered Vδ1 γδ T cells for immunotherapy of pancreatic cancer.

Background: γδ T cells possess unique immunological features including tissue tropism, major histocompatibility complex-independent antigen recognition, and hybrid T/natural killer cell properties that make them promising candidates for cancer immunotherapy. However, the therapeutic potential of Vδ1 γδ T cells, particularly when engineered with chimeric antigen receptors (CARs), remains underexplored in solid tumors such as pancreatic cancer (PC), largely due to their low abundance in peripheral blood and challenges in ex vivo expansion. This study aims to directly compare the preclinical safety and efficacy among CAR-engineered Vδ1 γδ T cells, Vδ2 γδ T cells, and conventional αβ T cells.

Allele-specific HLA LOH in solid tumors: distinct patterns by tumor type and potential prognostic relevance.

T-cell receptors (TCRs) recognize antigens derived from fragments of somatically expressed proteins that are degraded by the proteasome and presented by specific human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules. Recent therapeutic advances using the TCR as a tumor-targeting moiety have focused attention on loss of heterozygosity (LOH) as a potential resistance mechanism. Allele-specific LOH, rather than allele-agnostic, is particularly pertinent, but rarely evaluated.

Aggregates in cold-stored platelet units have diverse phenotypes and are removed by pre-transfusion filters.

Background And Objectives: The US Food and Drug Administration guidance for cold-stored platelets (CSPs) permits storage of apheresis platelets at 1-6°C for ≤14 days. During a pilot programme, CSPs were evaluated in a large US blood centre over a 10-month period (September 2023 to July 2024) to better understand the formation of aggregates under routine use.

Materials And Methods: Platelets collected in 100% plasma were moved into cold storage within 4 h of collection and shipped to local hospitals.

Quantifying Longitudinal Microstructural Changes in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Patients with Mean Apparent Propagator MRI.

Mean apparent propagator MRI (MAP-MRI) quantifies subtle alterations in tissue microstructure noninvasively and provides a more nuanced and comprehensive assessment of tissue architectural and structural integrity compared with other diffusion MRI techniques. We investigate the sensitivity of MAP-MRI-derived quantitative imaging biomarkers to detect previously unseen microstructural damage in patients with mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBI), whose clinical scans otherwise appeared normal. We developed and validated an MAP-MRI data processing pipeline for analyzing diffusion-weighted images for use in healthy controls and mTBI patients whose longitudinal scans were obtained from the GE/NFL/mTBI MRI database.

Relational accountability in AI-driven pharmaceutical practices: an ethics approach to bias, inequity and structural harm.

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into pharmaceutical practices raises critical ethical concerns, including algorithmic bias, data commodification and global health inequities. While existing AI ethics frameworks emphasise transparency and fairness, they often overlook structural vulnerabilities tied to race, gender and socioeconomic status. This paper introduces relational accountability-a feminist ethics framework-to critique AI-driven pharmaceutical practices, arguing that corporate reliance on biased algorithms exacerbates inequalities by design.

Rethinking epistemic injustice in psychiatric digital phenotyping from the perspective of ignorance.

Digital phenotyping is a novel approach to assessing individual health conditions by collecting and analysing data generated through interactions with digital devices. Although digital phenotyping is regarded as a promising tool for transforming psychiatric clinical practice, its potential to exacerbate epistemic injustice remains a central ethical concern. However, epistemic injustice in psychiatric digital phenotyping should be understood as rooted in specific forms of ignorance, which are not necessarily negative obstacles.

Spatial heterogeneity in the impacts of Ohio's enhanced graduated driver's licensing law on teen motor vehicle crashes.

Background: Graduated Driver's Licensing (GDL) policies create an intermediate licensure phase for young novice drivers, and previous studies suggested that they reduce teen motor- vehicle crashes (MVCs). Multiple studies have shown that the effects of GDL laws vary in association with demographic factors and location, motivating estimation of sub-state policy effects. The present study estimates county-level effects of Ohio's 2007 enhanced GDL law on MVCs among 16-17-year-olds.

Comparative analysis of cognitive load associated with passive and active back-support exoskeleton use for construction work.

Introduction: Exoskeletons have the potential to reduce workplace injuries; however, their use could increase cognitive load. While prior studies have explored the cognitive load impacts of passive and active back-support exoskeletons, research comparing their effects in construction-related tasks remains limited, particularly using electroencephalogram theta brainwave activity as a cognitive load indicator. This study assesses and compares the cognitive load implications of active and passive back-support exoskeletons relative to a baseline (i.

Behavior change associated with using partial automation among three samples of drivers during a 4-week field trial.

Introduction: Partial automation is still evolving. There is need to understand how behavior changes over time as drivers develop familiarity with the technology. In Reagan et al.

Evaluating the impacts of cellphone use policies on cellphone-distracted fatal crashes.

Introduction: Driver distraction is becoming increasingly frequent while driving, with a notable portion of traffic crashes linked to distraction, often due to cellphone use. States have enacted varying levels of policies, including partial and full handheld bans, texting bans, and their combinations to target distracted driving. Existing research is limited in terms of both geographical area and time period, and do not account for whether cellphone distraction contributed directly to crash incidents.

State of eye-tracking technology research to enhance construction safety.

Introduction: This study aims to provide a comprehensive review of the application of eye-tracking technology in construction safety, establishing a theoretical foundation and benchmark to guide future research and innovation in the field.

Method: This study identified 116 relevant papers published between 2003 and 2023 indexed by Web of Science (WoS), Scopus, and the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) Library. The analysis of the 116 papers revealed trends about the dates of the publication of the papers, the locations of the research, the journals and conference proceedings that published the studies, and the extent of the collaboration between authors, which indicate that eye-tracking technology has become an important tool to enhance construction safety.

Examining pedestrian crash frequency and environmental factors for three subgroups of the older adult population: a micro-level analysis.

Introduction: Pedestrian safety has become a critical concern with the rising global population of older adults. Older pedestrians face higher crash risks due to age-related physical limitations, yet road infrastructure often fails to address their specific needs. Most studies treat older adults as a single group, overlooking variations in mobility and behavior.