Lessons Learned From a Trial of a Bilingual Community-Based Peer Navigation And mHealth Intervention to Address HIV, STI, HCV, and Mpox Inequities Among GBQMSM and Transgender and Nonbinary Persons in Appalachia.

Our community-based participatory research partnership developed and tested the bilingual Appalachian Access Project, a peer navigation and mHealth intervention designed to promote HIV, sexually transmitted infection, hepatitis C virus, and mpox prevention and care among gay, bisexual, queer, and other men who have sex with men and transgender and nonbinary persons in Appalachia and to support medically supervised gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) access among those desiring it. Although the intervention did not achieve its intended behavioral outcomes (e.g.

Urban-rural differences in the age of US physicians.

Purpose: To assess county-level and specialty-level age differences between urban and rural physicians.

Methods: We linked the 2008-2021 Medicare Data on Provider Practice and Specialty (MD-PPAS) dataset with the 2024 Doctors and Clinicians national downloadable file. We assessed specialty-level differences in the age of rural versus urban physicians using Rural-Urban Continuum Codes (RUCC) with four groups: urban (RUCC 1-3), large rural (RUCC 4-5), small rural (RUCC 6-7), and isolated rural (RUCC 8-9).

The development but not the maintenance of phrenic and sympathetic long-term facilitation after acute intermittent hypoxia requires nucleus tractus solitarii HO.

Acute exposure to intermittent hypoxia (AIH) produces prolonged increases (long-term facilitation, LTF) in phrenic (PhrNA) and sympathetic (SNA) nerve activity (pLTF and sLTF, respectively) during non-hypoxic periods, and augments cardiorespiratory responses to hypoxia. We recently showed that neuronal activity in the nucleus tractus solitarii (nTS) is required for the induction and maintenance of LTF. However, the specific mechanisms involved were not determined.

Geospatial Analysis of Telemedicine Physicians in the United States.

Telemedicine can increase care access and may be particularly helpful for rural patients. We sought to conduct a geospatial analysis of telemedicine physicians in the United States with attention to urban-rural and specialty-level differences. We used the Doctors and Clinicians national downloadable file.

Implementation of Medication Disposal Programs and Availability of Same-Day Naloxone at Community Pharmacies: Protocol for a Secret Shopper Caller Approach.

Background: Pharmacies can implement multiple strategies, including medication disposal programs (eg, disposal boxes, deactivation products, and mail-back envelopes) and offering over-the-counter naloxone, to prevent nonmedical opioid use and overdose. The quantity of opioid prescriptions dispensed in the United States is so high that every other adult could receive one opioid prescription per year. Many of these opioids go unused and are kept in homes rather than disposed of after ceasing use.

Integrating data at multiple spatial scales to estimate the local burden of the opioid syndemic.

The opioid epidemic has been particularly severe in Ohio, prompting significant efforts to understand its spatial patterns, mainly using available data at the county level. However, relying solely on county-level analysis can overlook crucial information relevant to localized effects. To address this, we integrate spatially misaligned data observed at the county and ZIP code levels to explore the complex interaction of five opioid-related outcomes, providing a more detailed local understanding of the opioid epidemic.

The role of holobiont composition and environmental history in thermotolerance of Tropical Eastern Pacific corals.

Coral reefs support approximately 25% of all marine life, making it essential to understand the factors impacting their ability to withstand climate change. Corals' response mechanisms encompass both the host's own potential and that of a diverse microbial community, collectively known as the holobiont. Research investigating how these co-evolved taxa affect each other during thermal stress has revealed both the vulnerability and resilience of coral reefs, but the precise mechanisms underlying different bleaching trajectories are still poorly understood.

Using Natural Language Processing Methods to Predict Topics Included in 2019 Ohio Syphilis Disease Intervention Specialist Records.

Background: Free-text notes in disease intervention specialist (DIS) records may contain relevant information for sexual transmitted infection control. In their current form, the notes are not analyzable without manual reading, which is labor-intensive and prone to error.

Methods: We used natural language processing methods to analyze 2019 Ohio DIS syphilis records with nonmissing notes (n = 1987).

Examining the impact of clinical features and built environment on risk of hospital onset infection.

Objective: Environmental features of a patient's room depend on the patient's level of acuity and their clinical manifestations upon admission and during their hospital stay. In this study, we wish to apply statistical methodology to explore the association between room features and hospital onset infections caused by (HO-CDI) while accounting for room assignment.

Method: We conducted a nested case-control study using retrospective electronic health record (EHR) data of patients hospitalized at the Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center (OSUWMC) between January 2019 and April 2021.

Understanding the opioid syndemic in North Carolina: A novel approach to modeling and identifying factors.

The opioid epidemic is a significant public health challenge in North Carolina, but limited data restrict our understanding of its complexity. Examining trends and relationships among different outcomes believed to reflect opioid misuse provides an alternative perspective to understand the opioid epidemic. We use a Bayesian dynamic spatial factor model to capture the interrelated dynamics within six different county-level outcomes, such as illicit opioid overdose deaths, emergency department visits related to drug overdose, treatment counts for opioid use disorder, patients receiving prescriptions for buprenorphine, and newly diagnosed cases of acute and chronic hepatitis C virus and human immunodeficiency virus.

Estimating Prevalence of Opioid Misuse in North Carolina Counties From 2016 to 2021: An Integrated Abundance Model Approach.

Background: The overdose epidemic remains largely driven by opioids, but the county-level prevalence of opioid misuse is unknown. Without this information, public health and policy responses are limited by a lack of knowledge on the scope of the problem.

Methods: Using an integrated abundance model, we estimate the annual county-level prevalence of opioid misuse for counties in North Carolina from 2016 to 2021.

Rates of Receiving Medication for Opioid Use Disorder and Opioid Overdose Deaths During the Early Synthetic Opioid Crisis: A County-level Analysis.

Background: Medications for opioid use disorder are associated with a lower risk of drug overdoses at the individual level. However, little is known about whether these effects translate to population-level reductions. We investigated whether county-level efforts to increase access to medication for opioid use disorder in 2012-2014 were associated with opioid overdose deaths in New York State during the first years of the synthetic opioid crisis.

Human placental stem cell-based therapies for prevention of abdominal adhesions: A prospective randomized preclinical trial.

Background: Abdominal adhesions are networks of fibrotic tissues that form between organs postoperatively. Current prophylactic strategies do not reproducibly prevent adhesive small bowel obstruction across the entire abdomen. Human placental-derived stem cells produce an anti-inflammatory secretome that has been applied to multiple fibrosing diseases.

Analysis of 2019 Ohio Disease Intervention Specialist Records for Syphilis Cases Using Clustering Algorithms.

Background: Developments in natural language processing and unsupervised machine learning methodologies (e.g., clustering) have given researchers new tools to analyze both structured and unstructured health data.

On the estimation of population size-A comparison of capture-recapture and multiplier-benchmark methods.

Approaches to population size estimation are of importance across a wide spectrum of disciplines, especially when census and simple random sampling are impractical. The capture-recapture method and the multiplier-benchmark method are two commonly used approaches that use data that partially capture the target population and overlap in a known way. Due to similarities in required data structures, the approaches are often used interchangeably without a critical appraisal of the underlying assumptions, especially in the two-sample case.

A state-level history of opioid overdose deaths in the United States: 1999-2021.

We examined a natural history of opioid overdose deaths from 1999-2021 in the United States to describe state-level spatio-temporal heterogeneity in the waves of the epidemic. We obtained overdose death counts by state from 1999-2021, categorized as involving prescription opioids, heroin, synthetic opioids, or unspecified drugs. We developed a Bayesian multivariate multiple change point model to flexibly estimate the timing and magnitude of state-specific changes in death rates involving each drug type.

Evaluation of a Novel Emergency General Surgery Handover: A Prospective Feasibility Study.

Introduction: High-quality health information handovers are critical to optimal patient care and trainee education. The purposes of this study were to assess the feasibility of implementing an emergency general surgery (EGS) morning handover and to explore its impact upon markers of clinical care.

Methods: This prospective feasibility study was conducted at a single academic tertiary-care medical center following implementation of a novel EGS morning handover process.

A Scoping Review of Animal Models for Development of Abdominal Adhesion Prevention Strategies.

Introduction: Abdominal adhesions represent a chronic postsurgical disease without reliable prophylaxis. Animal modeling has been a cornerstone of novel therapeutic development but has not produced reliable clinical therapies for prevention of adhesive small bowel obstruction. The purpose of this scoping review is to analyze animal models for abdominal adhesion generation by key considerations of external validity (i.

Orexin Facilitates the Peripheral Chemoreflex via Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Neurons Projecting to the Nucleus of the Solitary Tract.

We previously showed that orexin neurons are activated by hypoxia and facilitate the peripheral chemoreflex (PCR)-mediated hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR), mostly by promoting the respiratory frequency response. Orexin neurons project to the nucleus of the solitary tract (nTS) and the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN). The PVN contributes significantly to the PCR and contains nTS-projecting corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) neurons.

Oxytocin and corticotropin-releasing hormone exaggerate nucleus tractus solitarii neuronal and synaptic activity following chronic intermittent hypoxia.

Chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) in rodents mimics the hypoxia-induced elevation of blood pressure seen in individuals experiencing episodic breathing. The brainstem nucleus tractus solitarii (nTS) is the first site of visceral sensory afferent integration, and thus is critical for cardiorespiratory homeostasis and its adaptation during a variety of stressors. In addition, the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN), in part through its nTS projections that contain oxytocin (OT) and/or corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), contributes to cardiorespiratory regulation.