Interferon-gamma 1b-induced gene expression alters neutrophil function in patients with chronic granulomatous disease.

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03548818.

The impact of driving versus undistracted listening on podcast knowledge acquisition and retention using a driving simulator: A randomized, cross-over trial.

Introduction: Research on listening to podcasts while driving suggested no significant difference compared to undistracted listening. However, these studies were conducted in non-controlled driving environments, limiting the evaluation of the environment's impact. This study aimed to compare knowledge acquisition and retention among resident physicians and undergraduate students while listening to medical education podcasts in a controlled, simulator-based, driving environment versus an undistracted listening condition.

Fixed-Duration Epcoritamab Plus R2 Drives Favorable Outcomes in Relapsed or Refractory Follicular Lymphoma.

Epcoritamab is a subcutaneous CD3xCD20 bispecific antibody approved as monotherapy for relapsed/refractory (R/R) follicular lymphoma (FL). We evaluated fixed-duration epcoritamab with rituximab plus lenalidomide (R2) in R/R FL in arm 2 of EPCORE® NHL-2 (phase 1b/2; NCT04663347). Patients received epcoritamab (2 step-up doses, then 48-mg full doses) for up to 2 years and R2 for up to 12 cycles (28 days/cycle).

Does Seed Funding by the Plastic Surgery Foundation Progress to National Institutes of Health Grants? An Analysis of 20 Years of Funded Grants.

Background: One of the goals of the Plastic Surgery Foundation (PSF) is to initiate a pathway by which researchers can develop national extramurally-funded grants. The present study investigates the effectiveness of seed PSF grants in aiding researchers to obtain grant funding through the National Institutes of Health (NIH).

Methods: The NIH RePORTER database was queried with the names of all American Society of Plastic Surgeons (ASPS) members.

Measures of family process: Psychometric properties and invariance testing across South Koreans, Korean Chinese, and Korean Americans.

Using data from three interrelated studies of Korean adolescents in South Korea ( = 524; = 14.98), China ( = 267; = 15.24), and the United States ( = 408; = 14.

Gonorrhea and Chlamydia Screening for Adolescents and Young Adults in Emergency Departments.

Importance: Adolescents account for almost half of the 2.5 million diagnosed sexually transmitted infections in the US annually, and the emergency department functions as the primary source of health care for many adolescents. No recommendations exist for emergency department gonorrhea and chlamydia screening.

Elinzanetant for the Treatment of Vasomotor Symptoms Associated With Menopause: A Phase 3 Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: There is an unmet need for long-term, safe, effective, and hormone-free treatments for menopausal symptoms, including vasomotor symptoms (VMS) and sleep disturbances.

Objective: To evaluate the 52-week efficacy and safety of elinzanetant, a dual neurokinin-targeted therapy, for treating moderate to severe VMS associated with menopause.

Design, Setting, And Participants: OASIS-3 was a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized phase 3 clinical trial that was conducted at 83 sites in North America and Europe from August 27, 2021, to February 12, 2024, and included postmenopausal women aged 40 to 65 years who were seeking treatment for moderate to severe VMS (no requirement for a minimum number of VMS events per week).

Decentralized Clinical Trials in the Era of Real-World Evidence: A Critical Assessment of Recent Experiences.

Since the first decentralized clinical trial (DCT) was conducted in 2011, there has been an increased usage of DCT due to its benefits of patient-centricity and generalizability of findings. This trend was further expedited by the global COVID-19 pandemic. We identified 23 case studies across various therapeutic areas and grouped them into different categories according to their purposes-by necessity, for operational benefits, to address unique research questions, to validate innovative digital endpoints, or to validate decentralization as a clinical research platform.

Real -World Evidence of the Long-Term Clinical Utility of a Vibrating Capsule in the Management of Chronic Idiopathic Constipation.

Introduction: Pharmacological therapies for chronic idiopathic constipation (CIC) are useful, but many patients report dissatisfaction from a lack of efficacy and occurrence of adverse events. The vibrating capsule (VC) is an FDA approved non-pharmacologic, treatment for CIC. However, its long-term usefulness in a community setting is unknown.

Methods to Validate Digital Health Technologies for Dermatology.

The integration of wearable medical devices and digital health technologies (DHTs) in health care has grown significantly during the past 2 decades, particularly in dermatology, in which objective measurement of symptoms such as itch remains challenging. This review examines the evolution of DHTs in dermatology, focusing on the validation frameworks necessary for their implementation in clinical trials and research. We discuss the key stages of validation: hardware validation to ensure device reliability, analytical validation to transform raw sensor data into meaningful metrics, and clinical validation to demonstrate utility in specific patient populations.

An Autochthonous Model of Lung Cancer Identifies Requirements for Cellular Transformation in the Naked Mole-Rat.

There is growing interest in understanding the mechanisms underlying differences in cancer incidence among species (comparative oncology). The naked mole-rat (NMR) is often referenced as "cancer-resistant" and prior studies focused on identifying mechanisms explaining this. However, efforts to assess this in vivo have been limited.

Thermodynamic and Kinetic Effects in Spin Blocking of CO Coordination Reactions.

The iron(I) dinitrogen complex PhB(AdIm)FeN, which is supported by a very bulky 1-adamantyl-substituted tris(carbene)borate ligand, reacts with equimolar CO at low temperature to afford the high spin ( = 3/2) complex PhB(AdIm)Fe(CO). This monocarbonyl complex reacts with additional CO to afford the low spin ( = 1/2) dicarbonyl complex PhB(AdIm)Fe(CO). By contrast, the high spin iron(I) tris(pyrazolyl)borate complex TpFe(CO) does not react with additional CO.

Adversarial training for dynamics matching in coarse-grained models.

Molecular dynamics simulations are essential for studying complex molecular systems, but their high computational cost limits scalability. Coarse-grained (CG) models reduce this cost by simplifying the system, yet traditional approaches often fail to maintain dynamic consistency, compromising their reliability in kinetics-driven processes. Here, we introduce an adversarial training framework that aligns CG trajectory ensembles with all-atom (AA) reference dynamics, ensuring both thermodynamic and kinetic fidelity.

Inhibitory activities of monoclonal antibodies against clumping factor A.

infection is a frequent cause of sepsis in humans, a disease associated with high mortality and without specific intervention. Clumping factor A (ClfA) displayed on the bacterial surface plays a key role in promoting replication during invasive disease. Decades of research have pointed to a wide array of ligands engaged by ClfA.

Preoperative patient education in vascular surgery.

This is a systematic review and meta-analysis of preoperative patient education interventions used in vascular surgery and their impact on patient knowledge. Embase, PubMed, and Ovid were searched in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. For inclusion, studies involved an educational intervention for a vascular surgery procedure and patient knowledge was an outcome.

Development and Evaluation of American College of Surgeons NSQIP Pediatric On-Demand Reporting of Risk-Adjusted and Smoothed Rates.

Background: The NSQIP Pediatric Semi-annual report (NSQIP Ped SAR) provides hospitals with risk-adjusted benchmarked results for comparative performance based on 1 year of data. These data are 6 to 18 months old due to requirements for data processing and modeling and this delay potentially limits its usefulness for hospital surgical quality improvement efforts. A timelier reporting mechanism is needed.

The genetic architecture and spatiotemporal dynamics of adaptation across human-modified landscapes.

Understanding the rate and nature of adaptation is crucial for managing biodiversity across our changing landscapes. This perspective synthesizes insights from resistance evolution - a case of rapid, repeated adaptation to extreme human-mediated selection - to reveal how adaptive genetic architectures determine and feedback with evolutionary dynamics. Recent population genomic and quantitative genetic approaches have demonstrated that the extent of genetic parallelism and reliance on de novo vs standing genetic variation can vary with the complexity of genetic architectures.

Thymic stromal lymphopoietin as a therapeutic target in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis and nasal polyps.

Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is an inflammatory disorder of the sinonasal mucosa, predominantly characterized by epithelial dysfunction and chronic heterogeneous mucosal inflammation. CRSwNP and asthma are common comorbidities with overlapping pathophysiology, epithelial impairment and activation of downstream type 2 inflammation. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is an epithelial cytokine that sits at the top of the immunological cascade and initiates and amplifies type 2-dependent and -independent inflammatory responses.

A phase 1 study of IO-202, an anti-LILRB4 antibody, in chronic myelomonocytic leukemia and acute myeloid leukemia.

IO-202 is a humanized immunoglobulin G1 monoclonal antibody with high affinity and specificity for leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor B4 (LILRB4; ILT3), which is predominantly expressed in monocytes and monocytic blasts. IO-202 induces antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis in vitro and in patients with leukemia. Herein, we present the phase 1a dose escalation data of IO-202 as monotherapy and in combination with azacitidine (AZA) in patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and R/R chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML), and the phase 1b dose expansion data of IO-202 combined with AZA for the treatment of hypomethylating agent (HMA)-naïve CMML.

Minimal residual disease measurement in blood by mass spectrometry identifies long-term responders in multiple myeloma.

Modern multiple myeloma treatment enables deep and sustained responses, necessitating assessment of minimal residual disease (MRD) in the bone marrow to refine response categorization. Recently, mass spectrometry (MS)-based methods have emerged as highly sensitive tools for measuring MRD in the peripheral blood. However, the role specific MS techniques play in response categorization has yet to be established.

Investigating demographic differences in women's dermatologic concerns: a large urban cohort study.

Background: Few studies have comprehensively assessed dermatologic conditions in women, particularly among different racial and ethnic groups.

Objective: This study characterizes common dermatologic diagnoses in adult women (acne), emphasizing conditions disproportionately affecting women of color (WOC) (hidradenitis suppurativa [HS], hypertrophic scars, and scarring and nonscarring alopecia).

Methods: This retrospective cohort study analyzed data from Northwestern Medicine's Enterprise Data Warehouse, covering 637,124 patient visits from 2018 to 2021.

Point-of Care Ultrasound in Cardiac Arrest: A Focused Review.

Cardiac arrest is a common condition with low survival rates. Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) has been increasingly integrated in cardiac arrest care to enhance diagnostic accuracy and guide interventions. POCUS can be divided into cardiac and non-cardiac applications.

Civic Participation in Early Adulthood and Midlife Well-being in an Inner City Cohort.

The beneficial impacts of civic participation on health are reported for adolescents and older adults. Still, civic participation is underrecognized in its potential to promote a wide range of well-being. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between civic participation in early adulthood and midlife well-being for a 1980 birth sample of minority youth who were economically disadvantaged and explore education as a mediator of such associations.

PERCEPTIONS OF BISEXUAL IDENTITY, OUTNESS, AND MENTAL HEALTH AMONG RACIALLY DIVERSE BISEXUAL WOMEN AND MEN.

This study, employing data from the Women's and Men's Daily Experiences Studies, examines relationships between outness, anticipated binegativity, internalized binegativity, bisexual meta-perceptions, and mental health among 235 racially diverse bisexual adults. Path analyses via MPLUS explored whether several measures of negative bisexual identity perceptions were associated with relationships between outness and mental health, while moderation analyses assessed if positive identity perceptions moderate this relationship. Outness showed no direct association with anxiety or depression.