A natural language processing pipeline for identifying pediatric long COVID symptoms and functional impacts in freeform clinical notes: a RECOVER study.

Objective: To develop a natural language processing (NLP) pipeline for unstructured electronic health record (EHR) data to identify symptoms and functional impacts associated with Long COVID in children.

Materials And Methods: We analyzed 48 287 outpatient progress notes from 10 618 pediatric patients from 12 institutions. We evaluated notes obtained 28 to 179 days after a COVID-19 diagnosis or positive test.

Documentation of social determinants of health for patients with type 2 diabetes in Epic Cosmos.

Objectives: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a growing public health burden with persistent racial and ethnic disparities. . This study assessed the completeness of social determinants of health (SdoH) data for patients with T2D in Epic Cosmos, a nationwide, cross-institutional electronic health recors (EHR) database.

Venous Thromboembolism Risk Assessment in Prolonged Fasting During Ramadan: The Global Ramadan Free Thrombosis Project.

Background Fasting during the month of Ramadan is practiced by over a billion Muslims worldwide. This religious observance, which involves complete abstention from food and fluids during daylight hours, may contribute to dehydration and increase the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE), particularly in hot climates. Despite this theoretical concern, limited clinical evidence exists on the actual incidence and risk of VTE associated with prolonged fasting.

Pathogen reduction diminishes the protective effects of platelets on endothelial barrier permeability in vitro.

Platelet transfusion not only attenuates bleeding and promotes hemostasis but also plays a critical role in vascular stability and endothelial barrier integrity. Under amotosalen-UVA pathogen reduction of platelets, pathogen nucleic acids undergo adduction, which prevents their replication and greatly reduces the risk of transfusion-transmitted infections. Although pathogen-reduced (PR) platelets are increasing in clinical use, the physiologic effects of pathogen reduction on platelets, particularly its impact on platelet-endothelial interactions, have yet to be described.

Feasibility and Acceptability of Behavioral Weight Loss Programs for Men in Trade and Labor Occupations: A Pilot Study.

Objective: Men who work in trade and labor occupations experience high rates of obesity but are underrepresented in weight control programs. This pilot study evaluated the feasibility and acceptability of a program tailored to this working group compared with a standard (untailored) weight loss program.

Methods: Participants for this study were recruited via direct mail, a university medical center, and other efforts.

Pragmatic Comparative Effectiveness Trials in Rheumatoid Arthritis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease: A Multiperspective Qualitative Study.

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease (RA-ILD) portends a devastating prognosis for patients, with survival typically being < 5 to 8 years after diagnosis. Limited clinical trial data exist to guide treatment strategies, and the efficacy of current strategies-immunomodulation and antifibrotics-remains uncertain. Large randomized controlled trials are costly, but pragmatic trial designs could reduce expenses.

Broad-spectrum therapeutic potential of 4-phenylbutyrate in neurological and systemic diseases of viral and non-viral origin.

4-Phenylbutyrate (4-PBA), initially recognized for treating urea cycle disorders, has emerged as a potent therapeutic agent with broad-spectrum potential. As a chemical chaperone, 4-PBA modulates protein folding and reduces endoplasmic reticulum stress. 4-PBA has demonstrated efficacy in treating ocular herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection and HSV-1-induced encephalitis, highlighting its potential as a novel anti-herpetic therapy.

Comparison of Sexual Violence Perpetration Rates Among Gay, Lesbian and Heterosexual Cisgender Adults.

Introduction: LGBTQ+ individuals are more vulnerable to experiencing sexual victimization. To truly prevent sexual victimization, preventing perpetration is necessary. The goal of this study was to increase the inclusivity of sexual violence research by examining the rates of sexual violence perpetration among cisgender, monosexual (e.

Reinforcement Learning on Dyads to Enhance Medication Adherence.

Medication adherence is critical for the recovery of adolescents and young adults (AYAs) who have undergone hematopoietic cell transplantation. However, maintaining adherence is challenging for AYAs after hospital discharge, who experience both individual (e.g.

'Better she gets infected by other diseases but not pregnancy'. Narratives from adolescent girls and community males following pregnancy escalation during COVID-19 lockdown.

Introduction: Adolescent sexual and reproductive health in low- and middle-income countries is critical to address following the COVID-19 pandemic. Growing evidence of its' impact includes increased teenage pregnancies and higher rates of unsafe abortion. Our qualitative study sought to understand perspectives and behaviours around these escalations.

Outpatient Nebulized Ciprofloxacin-Dexamethasone After Endoscopic Airway Surgery in Adults: Tolerability, Safety, and Adherence.

Objective: Nebulized ciprofloxacin-dexamethasone represents an adjuvant medication utilized following airway surgery. However, minimal objective information exists on this treatment, especially over more extended periods. This study measured the safety, tolerability, and adherence to nebulized ciprofloxacin-dexamethasone utilized in the outpatient setting after endoscopic airway surgery for adult patients.

Identifying Health Systems Gaps as Perceived by Postpartum Patient Navigators at an Urban Academic Medical Center.

Background: Although the postpartum period is an opportunity to promote long-term well-being and health systems usage, system complexities limit patients' abilities to optimize their longitudinal health. Postpartum patient navigation, an intervention that assists individuals in navigating health systems, is a novel innovation that may mitigate barriers to longitudinal care.

Methods: Within a recently completed randomized controlled trial (RCT), we conducted a secondary analysis of interviews with two navigators and a subset ( = 15) of navigated participants to describe gaps in the health care system.

Relationship between Medicaid coverage design and receipt of medication for alcohol use disorder (MAUD): Probability of receipt increases based on comprehensiveness of plan.

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) affects one in ten Americans. As one of the largest payers of AUD treatment in the United States, Medicaid managed care plays a key role in facilitating access to AUD treatment services and medications. However, little is known about how AUD coverage in Medicaid managed care organizations (MCOs) affects treatment receipt.

Beliefs and perceived benefits and harms of perinatal cannabis use among pre- and post-pregnancy women.

Background: Cannabis use in pregnancy is increasing, despite evidence linking perinatal cannabis use (PCU) to maternal and infant health risks. To investigate factors contributing to increasing PCU, this study used qualitative interviews to examine beliefs and perceptions of PCU.

Methods: Semi-structured qualitative interviews with pre- and post-pregnancy women examined beliefs and perceived benefits and harms of PCU.

TREM-1 as a novel immunotherapeutic target to treat pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), the most common type of pancreatic cancer, is highly aggressive with limited curative options, primarily surgical resection. However, only about 20% of the tumors are resectable at diagnosis. Immunotherapies have largely failed in PDAC due to its immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME).

Integrating Training on Professional Development in Graduate Public Health: Preliminary Insights From a Qualitative Study of MPH Alumni Perspectives.

Introduction: For decades, researchers, educators, and policymakers have highlighted the benefits of well-designed course assignments in graduate settings, particularly those supporting learners in applying professional development objectives. Critically reflective course assignments enable learners to practice critical thinking and bridge gaps between theoretical knowledge and practical application. Despite its significant impact on overall competency and workforce outcomes, the integration and evaluation of experiential professional development training in academic public health curricula remain underexplored.

Simulation-Based Peer Feedback Module for Pediatric Rapid Response Team Handoffs.

Introduction: Deterioration of pediatric patients outside the PICU increases morbidity and mortality. Effective communication during rapid response team (RRT) events is essential. Although frameworks like SBAR (Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendation) and ABC (Airway, Breathing, Circulation) exist, standardized RRT training for residents remains limited.

Impact of Caregiver Status on Academic Achievements and Family-Work Conflict: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of US Neurology Faculty.

Background And Objectives: With more women entering the medical workforce, caregiving challenges and family-work conflicts are of growing importance to today's neurologists. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of caregiver (CG) status on academic achievements in neurology, analyze the division of labor and time devoted to domestic responsibilities, and measure family-work conflict in US academic neurology faculty.

Methods: A total of 19 US neurology departments completed a survey on baseline demographics, academic achievements, CG status, division of domestic time and labor, and responses on a FWC scale.

Who Needs Endoscopic Removal of Food Residue From the Esophagus Before Peroral Endoscopic Myotomy for Esophageal Achalasia and Esophagogastric Junction Outflow Obstruction?

Objectives: Peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) is an established treatment for esophageal achalasia. Despite favorable outcomes, the risk of reflux aspiration during general anesthesia induction in POEM remains a concern. This study aimed to identify the risk factors for food residue in the esophagus before POEM and evaluate the necessity of esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) and cleansing the day before POEM.

Instantaneous Frequency: A New Functional Biomarker for Dynamic Brain Causal Networks.

Background: This study introduces instantaneous frequency (IF) analysis as a novel method for characterizing dynamic brain causal networks from functional magnetic resonance imaging blood-oxygen-level-dependent signals.

Methods: Effective connectivity, estimated using dynamic causal modeling, is analyzed to derive IF sequences, with the average IF across brain regions serving as a potential biomarker for global network oscillatory behavior.

Results: Analysis of data from the Alzheimer's Disease (AD) Neuroimaging Initiative, Open Access Series of Imaging Studies, and Human Connectome Project demonstrates the method's efficacy in distinguishing between clinical and demographic groups, such as cognitive decline stages (e.

Development and Validation of a Semiautomated Tool for Measuring Periorbital Distances.

Purpose: To validate a custom FIJI (ImageJ) program for more reproducible, faster curvilinear periorbital measurements, as compared with 2 custom artificial intelligence-based tools.

Design: Combined technical validation and method comparison study.

Subjects: Front-facing photographs of 45 cleft palate syndromic patients.

Predicting Breath Hold Task Compliance From Head Motion.

Background: Cerebrovascular reactivity reflects changes in cerebral blood flow in response to an acute stimulus and is reflective of the brain's ability to match blood flow to demand. Functional MRI with a breath-hold task can be used to elicit this vasoactive response, but data validity hinges on subject compliance. Determining breath-hold compliance often requires external monitoring equipment.

Epithelial Ikkβ deletion modulates immune responses and the IFNγ/CXCL9 axis during early esophageal carcinogenesis.

Esophageal cancer is a major cause of cancer-related death, often preceded with chronic inflammation and injuries. The NFκB/IKKβ pathway plays a central role in inflammation, yet its role in early esophageal carcinogenesis remains unclear. This study investigated the role of epithelial IKKβ in early esophageal carcinogenesis.