Alternative Metal with an Alternative Mechanism for Metalloporphyrin-Enabled NO Reduction to NO: A Combined Computational and Experimental Investigation of NO Reduction by Cr Porphyrin with Lewis Acid.

Nitric oxide (NO) is an important molecule that regulates many physiological processes in humans and plants and contributes to the formation of greenhouse gases. Bacterial NO reductases utilize a di-Fe hemenonheme active site to couple two NOs to generate nitrous oxide (NO) via a two-electron mechanism. Here, we report a previously unexplored Cr porphyrin NO complex with a Lewis acid (LA) BF for the NO reduction reaction.

Inhalation anesthesia and total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) regimens in patients with obesity: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background: Obesity is a global epidemic, projected to affect 4 billion people by 2035. Anesthesia regimens, including volatile anesthetics and total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA), impact postoperative outcomes, particularly in obese patients who face increased risks of complications. Volatile anesthetics are often associated with higher rates of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), while TIVA may improve recovery but can increase costs and present additional challenges.

Merging Ketyl Radical Chemistry and Allylboration via Strain Release: One-Pot Multicomponent Access to Sterically Congested Ketone-Functionalized Organoborons.

Ketyl radical-mediated ring opening and [2σ+2π] cycloaddition of cyclopropyl ketones (CPKs) with alkynes typically require activation by alkyl, aryl, or carbonyl groups yielding cyclopentenes having one or two non-adjacent stereocenters. We developed a one-pot multicomponent reaction of diboryl-activated CPKs with alkynes and aldehydes that merges ketyl radical chemistry with allylboration. This method enabled highly diastereoselective access to densely functionalized cyclopentenes featuring homoallylic alcohol, ketone, and alkenyl boronate motifs on adjacent quaternary, tertiary, and secondary stereogenic centers.

A patient-derived ovarian cancer organoid platform to study susceptibility to natural killer cells.

Intratumoral heterogeneity drives therapy resistance and relapses in advanced stage cancers, such as ovarian cancer. Here, we present a live cell imaging assay using patient-derived ovarian cancer organoids for real time capture and quantification of natural killer cell-mediated apoptotic events in >500 organoids simultaneously. Our assay revealed significant inter- and intratumor response heterogeneity and identified a rare resistant organoid population, opening avenues to test immunomodulatory strategies that overcome resistance.

Acoustic nonlinearity parameters in hyperelastic solids with quadratic nonlinearity.

In general, the nonlinear behavior of an elastic wave in isotropic hyperelastic solids with quadratic nonlinearity depends on five independent elastic constants, namely, the three third-order elastic constants and two second-order elastic constants. In this article, we show that such nonlinear behavior can be described fully by only three independent non-dimensional parameters if the wave motion is two-dimensional. Furthermore, if the motion is a plane wave, only two independent non-dimensional parameters are needed to fully describe the nonlinear behavior of the wave.

Origin of Large Effective Phonon Magnetic Moments in Monolayer MoS.

Recent helicity-resolved magneto-Raman spectroscopy measurement demonstrates large effective phonon magnetic moments of ∼2.5 μ in monolayer MoS, highlighting resonant excitation of bright excitons as a feasible route to activate Γ-point circularly polarized phonons in transition metal dichalcogenides. However, a microscopic picture of this intriguing phenomenon remains lacking.

Alkaline hydrolysis of 1,3,5-trichloro-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TCTNB) during spent sulfuric acid neutralization using lime.

1,3,5-trichloro-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TCTNB) is the main byproduct of synthesizing an insensitive explosive 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB) and requires environmental management and safe handling during disposal. This study introduces a lime neutralization method for treating TCTNB-containing spent sulfuric acid and systematically investigates the underlying hydrolysis mechanism using mass spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Our results demonstrated that TCTNB hydrolysis was significantly accelerated by increasing the pH from 10 to 12 and the temperature from 22 to 95 °C.

Chaperone-mediated autophagy regulates the metastatic state of mesenchymal tumors.

Tumors often recapitulate programs to acquire invasive and dissemination abilities, during which pro-metastatic proteins are distinctively stabilized in cancer cells to drive further progression. Whether failed protein degradation affects the metastatic programs of cancer remains unknown. Here, we show that the human cancer cell-specific knockout (KO) of LAMP-2A, a limiting protein for chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA), promotes the aggressiveness of mesenchymal tumors.

Predicting Postprandial Glycemic Responses With Limited Data in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes.

Background: A core challenge in managing diabetes is predicting glycemic responses to meals. Prior work identified significant interindividual variation in responses and developed personalized forecasts. However, intraindividual variation is still not well understood, and the most accurate approaches require invasive microbiome data.

Safety and biocompatibility of a novel biodegradable aflibercept-drug delivery system in rhesus macaques.

A clinical need exists for more effective intravitreal (IVT) drug delivery systems (DDS). This study tested the hypothesis that a novel biodegradable, injectable microsphere-hydrogel drug delivery system loaded with aflibercept (aflibercept-DDS) would exhibit long-term safety and biocompatibility in a non-human primate (NHP) model. We generated aflibercept-loaded poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) microparticles with a modified double emulsion technique then embedded them into a biodegradable, thermo-responsive poly (ethylene glycol)-co-(L-lactic-acid) diacrylate/N-isopropylacrylamide hydrogel.

Active bio-foam packaging based on sodium alginate incorporated with vanillin for extending the shelf life of cherry tomatoes.

As fresh produce easily undergoes postharvest decay, eco-friendly and active packaging is an emerging technology for maintaining the safety and quality of fresh produce. This study focuses on the development of an active and biodegradable packaging foam made from sodium alginate (SA) incorporated with the natural antimicrobial vanillin (VAN) to enhance the shelf life and quality of fresh produce. The effects of VAN concentrations (0, 0.

The Effect of COVID-19 on Health Care Utilization Among Children with Medical Complexity: Retrospective Chart Review Study.

This study examines the trends, patterns, and potential health disparities in health care utilization among children with medical complexity, before and during COVID pandemic through a retrospective chart review. Our findings show significant differences in the average number of visits per patient over the years and support the adoption of telehealth consultations, while highlighting concerns about demographic disparities.

MAEMC-NET: a hybrid self-supervised learning method for predicting the malignancy of solitary pulmonary nodules from CT images.

Introduction: Pulmonary granulomatous nodules (PGN) often exhibit similar CT morphological features to solid lung adenocarcinomas (SLA), making preoperative differentiation challenging. This study aims to address this diagnostic challenge by developing a novel deep learning model.

Methods: This study proposes MAEMC-NET, a model integrating generative (Masked AutoEncoder) and contrastive (Momentum Contrast) self-supervised learning to learn CT image representations of intra- and inter-solitary nodules.

A review of concurrent sonified biofeedback in balance and gait training.

Background: Sonified biofeedback is a subtype of auditory biofeedback that conveys biological data through specific non-verbal sounds. It can be designed to provide augmented biomechanical feedback in near-real-time when provided as "concurrent" biofeedback. As a practice that developed spanning across engineering and the arts, sonified biofeedback can extend beyond simple tones and beeps, towards more fully incorporating music in movement training.

The Clinical Value of ChatGPT for Epilepsy Presurgical Decision Making: Systematic Evaluation on Seizure Semiology Interpretation.

Background: For patients with drug-resistant focal epilepsy (DRE), surgical resection of the epileptogenic zone (EZ) is an effective treatment to control seizures. Accurate localization of the EZ is crucial and is typically achieved through comprehensive presurgical approaches such as seizure semiology interpretation, electroencephalography (EEG), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and intracranial EEG (iEEG). However, interpreting seizure semiology poses challenges because it relies heavily on expert knowledge and is often based on inconsistent and incoherent descriptions, leading to variability and potential limitations in presurgical evaluation.

Brightening of Optical Forbidden Interlayer Quantum Emitters in WSe Homobilayers.

Interlayer excitons (IXs) in layered van der Waals materials are promising for quantum technologies and fundamental studies such as exciton-polariton condensation due to their large permanent dipole moments. However, their indirect bandgap optical transition through the Q-K channel renders them momentum forbidden and thus less relevant for optical applications. Here, we demonstrate a method for brightening momentum indirect Q-K transitions from IX quantum emitters (QEs) in 2H-stacked bilayer WSe by simultaneously employing local strain and plasmonic nanocavity coupling.

Clipping spline: interactive, dynamic 4D volume clipping and analysis based on thin plate spline.

Methods for seeing inside volumetric images are increasingly important with the rapid advancements in 3D and 4D (3D + time) biomedical imaging techniques. Here, we report a novel volume clipping method and its open-source implementation which enables unprecedented 4D visualization and analysis of embryonic mouse heart development with data from optical coherence tomography (OCT). Clipping a volume to extract information inside has long been a vital approach in biomedical image analysis; however, it is challenging to make a dynamic non-planar cutaway view that is simultaneously smooth, adjustable, efficient to compute, easy to control, and interactive in real time.

An 8-point scale lung ultrasound scoring network fusing local detail and global features.

Manual lung ultrasound (LUS) scoring is influenced by clinicians' subjective interpretation, leading to potential inconsistencies and misdiagnoses due to varying levels of experience. To improve monitoring of pulmonary ventilation and support early diagnosis, we propose an automated LUS scoring network based on an 8-point scale, named the detailed-global fusion residual network (DGF-ResNet). This network combines local and global features using the hybrid feature fusion Block, which includes the detail feature extraction (DFE) and global feature extraction (GFE) Modules.

Community Caregivers' Perspectives on Health IT Use for Children With Medical Complexity: Qualitative Interview Study.

Background: Children with medical complexity represent a unique pediatric population requiring extensive health care needs and care coordination. Children with medical complexities have multiple significant chronic health problems that affect multiple organ systems and result in functional limitations and high health care needs or use. Often, there is a need for medical technology and total care for activities of daily living, much of which is provided at home by family and caregivers.

The molecular mechanisms of defensive-grade organic acid biosynthesis in ground beetles.

Insects are known to synthesise and secrete hundreds of unique defensive chemicals, including caustic acids, pungent phenolics and citrusy terpenes. Despite efforts to characterise the defensive chemistry of ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae), our knowledge of semiochemical evolution within the family and how these compounds are biosynthesised remains limited. Few studies have demonstrated the likely biosynthetic precursors of select compounds in certain taxa and only one has demonstrated which genes may be involved in the biosynthesis of formic acid.

Thrust-efficiency limits of a swimming tail with variable chordwise flexural rigidity.

Emulating oscillations performed by natural swimmers can provide different functionalities than those of propeller-based underwater robots. Yet, to successfully accomplish specific missions under limited power, there is a need to design efficient bio-inspired robots. Adding an appropriate level of flexibility to flapping caudal fins (tails) of robots emulating the thunniform swimming mode has been shown to enhance the thrust generation over a finite range of the flapping frequency.

Unexpected Artifact Formation in Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Aniline under Atmospheric-Pressure Chemical Ionization.

Atmospheric-pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (APCI-MS) is a widely used technique for the analysis of a diverse range of analytes. Under APCI conditions, a nonthermal plasma, rich in highly oxidative species such as HO, O, atomic O, and radicals such as HO, is created. These oxidants trigger unanticipated and often undesirable chemical reactions within the ion source.

Construction of functional tissue-engineered microvasculatures using circulating fibrocytes as mural cells.

Mural cells are essential for maintaining the proper functions of microvasculatures. However, a key challenge of microvascular tissue engineering is identifying a cellular source for mural cells. We showed that , circulating fibrocytes (CFs) can (1) shear and stabilize the microvasculatures formed by vascular endothelial cells (VECs) in a collagen gel, (2) form gap junctions with VECs and (3) induce basement membrane formation.

A comprehensive mechanistic investigation of sustainable carbene N-H insertion catalyzed by engineered His-ligated heme proteins.

Engineered heme proteins possess excellent biocatalytic carbene N-H insertion abilities for sustainable synthesis, and most of them have His as the Fe axial ligand. However, information on the basic reaction mechanisms is limited, and ground states of heme carbenes involved in the prior computational mechanistic studies are under debate. A comprehensive quantum chemical reaction pathway study was performed for the heme model with a His analogue as the axial ligand and carbene from the widely used precursor ethyl diazoacetate with aniline as the substrate.