Interactive effects of arterial stiffness and Alzheimer's disease risk on cognitive decline in older adults without dementia.

Introduction: Among individuals who are amyloid biomarker-positive or apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 carriers, arterial stiffness reflected by higher pulse wave velocity (PWV) has been associated with lower cognition cross-sectionally. Less is known about longitudinal associations.

Methods: The sample included 152 older adults without dementia.

Short-term residual effects of smoked cannabis on simulated driving performance.

Rationale: Between periods of use, chronic cannabis consumers may display residual effects on selective cognitive functions, particularly memory and attention. Whether there are comparable deficits in real-world behaviors, such as driving, has not been thoroughly examined.

Objectives: The current study explored the association between driving simulator performance, cannabis use history, and demographic factors after ≥ 48 h of abstinence.

Cannabis Use Moderates Methamphetamine- and HIV-Related Inflammation: Evidence from Human Plasma Markers.

Background: Methamphetamine use, which is disproportionately prevalent among people with HIV, increases risk for cardio- and neurovascular pathology through persistent immune activation and inflammation. Preclinical studies indicate that cannabinoids may reduce markers of pro-inflammatory processes, but data from people with chronic inflammatory conditions are limited. We examined potentially interacting associations of lifetime methamphetamine use disorder (MUD), recent cannabis use, and HIV with four plasma markers of immune and inflammatory functions.

Developmental shifts in irritable behaviors from preschool to school age: Longitudinal network analysis of heterotypic and homotypic continuity.

Background: Irritability comprises a set of behaviors that span normal:abnormal proneness to anger. When dysregulated and developmentally atypical, irritability indicates neurodevelopmental vulnerability for mental health problems. Yet, mental health risk indicators such as irritability likely present differently during specific developmental stages, especially across the crucial transition from preschool to early school age, when the presence of sustained elevated irritability predicts psychiatric disorders, increased impairment, and service use in school-age children.

Evaluating the muscularity-oriented eating test: Factor structure and psychometric properties among university athletes and across sexes.

Objective: The Muscularity-Oriented Eating Test (MOET) was developed to measure muscularity-oriented eating pathology among young men; however, this construct is relevant across sexes and may be particularly applicable to athletes. Thus, this study sought to validate the MOET among male and female athletes and non-athletes.

Methods: Students (N = 2189) from three U.

Effect of warm pressure on feelings of social connection with close others.

Social touch, such as hugging and hand-holding, may aid in the maintenance of feelings of social connection. Research on gentle stroking has demonstrated its social-affective effects. However, other elements of touch that might contribute to feelings of social connection are poorly understood.

Heart rate variability in unstably housed Veterans with mental health conditions.

Objective: Almost 10% of Veterans have experienced homelessness, which is associated with complex healthcare needs and high levels of physical and mental health comorbidities. Measures of autonomic nervous system dysregulation, including higher resting heart rate (HR) and lower time domain and higher frequency domain measures of heart rate variability (HRV), are associated with worse physical and mental health in Veteran and civilian populations. However, these associations have not been explored in unstably housed Veterans with mental health conditions.

Anxiety symptoms and associated factors in the scleroderma patient-centered intervention network (SPIN) cohort: a cross-sectional study.

Objective: We (1) compared anxiety symptom levels in a multinational systemic sclerosis (SSc) cohort to a general population normative sample and (2) evaluated sociodemographic, lifestyle, and SSc disease factors associated with symptoms.

Methods: Scleroderma Patient-centered Intervention Network Cohort participants completed the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Version 2 4a Anxiety domain upon enrolment. PROMIS domain scores use T-scores (mean = 50, standard deviation = 10) calibrated to a United States normative sample.

Systematic Review of Parent-Youth Discrepancies in Exposures to Community Violence.

Past studies have consistently found that different informants disagree on ratings of youth's experiences. For instance, parents and youth report different prevalence and frequency ratings of youth's exposure to community violence (ECV), with past studies demonstrating that parents typically underreport youth's ECV compared to the youth. However, recent studies with advanced statistical analyses revealed more nuanced patterns of reports, with some parents overreporting their youth's ECV, some underreporting it, and other parent-youth dyads agreeing that the youth either did or did not experience ECV.

Regulation of Cues vs Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Binge Eating and Weight Loss Among Veterans: A Feasibility and Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) has the most empirical support for treatment of binge eating. Appetitive traits, including food responsiveness and satiety responsiveness, impact how individuals interact with the current obesogenic environment. The regulation of cues (ROC) plus behavioral weight loss (BWL) intervention was specifically developed to target food responsiveness, satiety responsiveness, and energy reduction.

Driven by rewards or punishments? Understanding real world social functioning in anxiety and depressive disorders.

Background: Social disconnection is prevalent in anxiety and depressive disorders and adversely impacts well-being. Prevailing treatment approaches assume social disconnection is a by-product of anxiety or depressive symptoms; however, social impairments often persist following symptom reduction. To advance understanding of why people with anxiety or depression experience social disconnection, we tested a framework in which daily social experiences were predicted from dispositional sensitivities to positive (rewarding) vs.

Barriers and Facilitators to PrEP Adherence among Transgender and Non-binary Individuals: A Mixed-Methods Analysis of Psychosocial Factors and Health Belief Model Constructs.

Despite known benefits of Motivational Interviewing (MI) for medication adherence, its effectiveness in supporting pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) adherence among transgender and nonbinary (TGNB) populations remains underexplored. This study applies mixed-methods analysis to understand PrEP adherence among TGNB individuals who received a daily individualized text-message intervention and phone-based MI for non-adherence to PrEP. Individuals who did not respond to three consecutive messages were identified as potential MI recipients.

Self-reported everyday functioning among adults with human immunodeficiency virus: Longitudinal associations with global neurocognitive functioning and depressive symptoms.

Objective: Diagnosing HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders (HAND) requires attributing neurocognitive impairment and functional decline at least partly to HIV-related brain effects. Depressive symptom severity, whether attributable to HIV or not, may influence self-reported functioning. We examined longitudinal relationships among objective global cognition, depressive symptom severity, and self-reported everyday functioning in people with HIV (PWH).

Emotion Reulation and Neural Connectivity After Frustrative Non-Reward in Adolescents: The Moderating Role of Cognitive Flexibility.

Difficulties with emotion regulation are implicated in internalizing and externalizing disorders common in adolescence. Cognitive flexibility is foundational for emotion regulation. Prior studies examining neural patterns of adolescent emotion regulation have mainly used emotionally-valenced stimuli to induce negative emotions.

A Transdiagnostic Comparison of Mindfulness and Parenting Stress in Mothers of Children With Autism, Developmental Delay, and Fragile X Syndrome.

This study compared mindfulness and parenting daily hassles (PDH) among mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), developmental delay (DD), and Fragile X syndrome (FXS), and explored diagnostic group as a moderator of the relationship between mindfulness and PDH. Mothers of children with ASD (n = 166), DD (n = 113), and FXS (n = 74) completed measures of PDH, trait mindfulness, and mindful parenting. Mothers reported comparable levels of trait mindfulness and PDH, but the FXS group (versus ASD and DD) reported higher levels of mindful parenting.

The intersection of structural social factors, loneliness, and social activity in individuals with psychotic disorders.

Introduction: People with psychotic disorders are disproportionately lonely, which is associated with negative health outcomes. Structural and subjective factors determine social connectedness, and ecological momentary assessment (EMA) enables simultaneous quantification of social activity. However, how structural factors (e.

Social Determinants of ART Adherence among Black Adults with HIV.

Background: Black people with HIV (PWH) show poorer rates of antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence compared to other racial/ethnic groups in the United States. Social determinants of health (SDOH) may influence ART adherence, and disparities in SDOH are known to disproportionately impact Black communities. The iC-CHANGE study evaluated the efficacy of a personalized, culturally adapted, text messaging intervention to improve ART adherence among Black PWH and incorporated self-report measures of ART adherence at study visits.

A computational framework for longitudinal medication adherence prediction in breast cancer survivors: A social cognitive theory based approach.

Non-adherence to medications is a critical concern since nearly half of patients with chronic illnesses do not follow their prescribed medication regimens, leading to increased mortality, costs, and preventable human distress. Amongst stage 0-3 breast cancer survivors, adherence to long-term adjuvant endocrine therapy (i.e.

Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Care Engagement Among Men Who Have Sex with Men in the United States During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Scoping Review.

The COVID-19 pandemic substantially impacted the pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) care continuum among men who have sex with men (MSM). While PrEP use during the pandemic has been studied, regional differences in PrEP regulations highlight the need for U.S.

Design of the SHARE study: A randomized controlled trial evaluating the regulation of cues treatment for adults with overweight or obesity and high food responsiveness.

Obesity is a heterogeneous disease influenced by individual behavioral factors, environment, genes, and neural processes. Behavioral weight loss (BWL), the current gold-standard treatment for overweight and obesity (OW/OB), does not produce sustained weight loss for all individuals. Appetitive traits, such as food responsiveness (FR), are risk factors that could account for differences in how individuals interact with today's food environment and increase susceptibility for overeating and weight gain.

Self-compassion as a protective factor against adverse consequences of social media use: A scoping review.

Self-compassion has been shown to foster wellbeing and act as a protective factor against the development of psychopathology. Its protective capacity against adverse consequences of social media use, however, is not well understood. Given the increasing use of social media in our daily lives, gaining a nuanced understanding of the relationship between self-compassion and adverse consequences of social media use may be important for building and maintaining healthier online behaviors and spaces.

Caregiver concerns for autistic children differ between publicly funded educational and mental health settings: Findings from a community implementation-effectiveness trial.

This study sought to characterize caregiver concerns for autistic children receiving care in two public service systems-schools and mental health programs-and to identify child and family characteristics associated with these concerns. Caregivers of 353 school-age autistic children in mental health services ( = 192) or schools ( = 161) named, in their own words, the top three concerns for their child. A modified version of Weisz et al.

Boys Versus Girls Youth Sports Participation Risk for Mild Traumatic Brain Injury and Behavioral, Physical Health, and Neurocognitive Outcomes.

Objective: Investigate sex-related differences in mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) risks due to sports among children aged 9 to 10 years and examine whether the benefits of sports participation, specifically in behavioral, neurocognitive, and psychiatric health, differ between boys and girls.

Setting: The Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study involves 21 sites across the United States. The data were collected through comprehensive evaluations including neuroimaging, cognitive tests, mental health evaluations, family and environmental factors, and genetic data.

Minority stress and stimulant use among US adult sexual minority men: A systematic review.

Purpose: Minority stress theory posits health disparities among sexual minority men (SMM; i.e., non-heterosexual) result from experiences of sexual minority stigma (SMS).