A comprehensive framework of health risk assessment for antibiotic resistance in aquatic environments: Status, progress, and perspectives.

Antibiotic resistance (AR), driven by antibiotics as emerging pollutants, has become a critical global health threat, jeopardizing both environmental and human health. The persistence and spread of AR in aquatic ecosystems are governed by the intricate interplay between antibiotics, antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), and antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB), which collectively influences its occurrence, transportation, and fate in aquatic ecosystems. However, most assessments focus primarily on antibiotics and ARGs, often relying on single-factor criteria while overlooking critical influence factors such as ARG forms, non-antibiotic chemicals, antibiotic pressure, and microbial competition.

Stereoselective Self-Assembly of a Topologically Chiral [6]Catenane with 18 Crossings.

Mechanically interlocked molecules (MIMs) exhibit unique properties and functions arising from their structural entanglement, features of which are absent in their individual components. However, synthesizing topologically complex architectures, particularly those with topological chirality, remains a significant challenge due to the lack of general methods for controlled entanglement. Herein, we report the stereoselective synthesis of a 24-metal-center topologically chiral [6]catenane featuring 18 crossings ( link), representing one of the most intricate MIMs constructed to date.

Femtosecond laser processing of carbon nanotubes: synthesis, surface modification, and cutting.

This paper focuses on the femtosecond laser processing technology for carbon nanotubes. Due to its characteristics of ultrashort pulses, high precision, and low thermal damage, this technology has attracted much attention in the field of nanomaterials. The interaction between femtosecond lasers and carbon nanotubes involves complex physical processes such as multiphoton absorption, enabling precise manipulation of carbon nanotubes, such as laser welding, cutting, and material modification.

Theoretical analysis and simulation of a high SNR and real-time MPMG-based computational spectrometer.

Achieving a balance between signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and real-time performance in infrared (IR) spectral detection of weak and moving targets is a significant challenge. Here, we propose a long-wave infrared (LWIR) computational spectrometer (MPMGFTS) based on a multi-depth phase modulation grating (MPMG). MPMG functions as the core component of the MPMGFTS.

Advanced multispectral thermometry method based on an improved light spectrum optimizer for reliable temperature and emissivity measurement.

The multispectral thermometry method offers non-contact temperature and emissivity measurement with significant advantages over traditional thermometry. However, current multispectral techniques encounter challenges in processing multispectral data, especially when executing temperature and emissivity inversions without the emissivity-wavelength relationship and achieving real-time measurements from data with numerous spectral channels. These limitations hinder the practical application of multispectral measurement techniques.

Design, Optimization, and Biological Evaluation of a Novel Quinoline-Based POLRMT Inhibitor for Prostate Cancer Therapy.

Mitochondrial RNA polymerase (POLRMT) plays a pivotal role in various mitochondrial functions. The upregulation of POLRMT in prostate cancer (PCa) has been well-documented, underscoring its potential as a therapeutic target. In this study, we described the rational design, optimization, and comprehensive biological evaluation of a novel series of POLRMT inhibitors.

Emotion Reulation and Neural Connectivity After Frustrative Non-Reward in Adolescents: The Moderating Role of Cognitive Flexibility.

Difficulties with emotion regulation are implicated in internalizing and externalizing disorders common in adolescence. Cognitive flexibility is foundational for emotion regulation. Prior studies examining neural patterns of adolescent emotion regulation have mainly used emotionally-valenced stimuli to induce negative emotions.

Mixed reality holographic navigation for intracranial lesions using HoloLens 2: A pilot study and literature review.

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of HoloLens 2-based mixed reality (XR) holographic navigation for intracranial lesions in neurosurgery, comparing its performance with the conventional navigation system.

Materials And Methods: A pilot study was conducted involving 20 patients with various intracranial lesions between March 2023 and May2025. Magnetic resonance imaging with/without computed tomography angiography imaging data were acquired for both the conventional navigation system and the HoloLens 2 platform.

Three-step-guided visual prediction of glioblastoma recurrence from multimodality images.

Accurately predicting glioblastoma (GBM) recurrence is crucial for guiding the planning of target areas in subsequent radiotherapy and radiosurgery for glioma patients. Current prediction methods can determine the likelihood and type of recurrence but cannot identify the specific region or visually display location of the recurrence. To efficiently and accurately predict the recurrence of GBM, we proposed a three-step-guided prediction method consisting of feature extraction and segmentation (FES), radiomics analysis, and tag constraints to narrow the predicted region of GBM recurrence and standardize the shape of GBM recurrence prediction.

Identification and Experimental Validation of PANoptosis-Related Genes in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis by Bioinformatics Analysis.

Aim: To identify the molecular signature of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with PANoptosis in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and to interpret their immune landscape and cellular distribution characteristics.

Methods And Results: We acquired two IPF datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database to identify PANoptosis-related DGEs (PAN-DEGs), initially identifying thirty PAN-DEGs. Utilizing machine learning algorithms, we established a five-gene PANoptosis-related signature comprising IGF1, GPX3, GADD45β, SMAD7, and TIMP3, each demonstrating robust diagnostic performance.

Visualization of P2X7 Receptors in Living Human Gliomas: An 18F-GSK1482160 PET Imaging and Neuropathology Study.

Purpose: PET imaging targeting the purinergic receptor subtype 7 (P2X7R) is of high interest for assessing the glioma microenvironment. No reports were published with regard to the P2X7R imaging in gliomas. Therefore, we compared the uptake characteristics of 18F-GSK1482160, a novel P2X7R ligand, to conventional methyl-11C-methionine (11C-MET) PET and contrast-enhanced MRI in patients with gliomas.

Characterization of an Enhancer RNA Signature Reveals Treatment Strategies for Improving Immunotherapy Efficacy in Cancer.

Non-coding RNA transcribed from active enhancers, known as enhancer RNA (eRNA), is a critical element in gene regulation with a highly specific expression pattern in the regulatory networks of tumor-infiltrating cells. Therefore, eRNA signatures could potentially be applied to represent antitumor immune cells and to improve cancer immunotherapy. In this study, we identified thousands of eRNAs that were significantly correlated with infiltrating immune cell abundance in more than 10,000 patient samples across a variety of cancer types.

Damage sensing through TLR9 regulates inflammatory and antiviral responses during influenza infection.

Host response aimed at eliminating the infecting pathogen, as well as the pathogen itself, can cause tissue injury. Tissue injury leads to the release of a myriad of cellular components including mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), which the host senses through pattern recognition receptors. How the sensing of tissue injury by the host shapes the anti-pathogen response remains poorly understood.

Vascular endothelial growth factor-D improves lung vascular integrity during acute lung injury.

Disorders in pulmonary vascular integrity are a prominent feature in many lung diseases. Paracrine signaling is highly enriched in the lung and plays a crucial role in regulating vascular homeostasis. However, the specific local cell-cell crosstalk signals that maintain pulmonary microvascular stability in adult animals and humans remain largely unexplored.

Comparison of differences in transcriptional and genetic profiles between intra-central nervous system and extra-central nervous system large B-cell lymphoma.

Primary central nervous system diffused large B-cell lymphoma (PCNS-DLBCL) is a rare type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma restricted to the central nervous system (CNS). To explore its specific pathogenesis and therapeutic targets, we performed multi-omics sequencing on tumor samples from patients diagnosed with PCNS-DLBCL, secondary CNS-DLBCL or extracranial (ec) DLBCL.By single-cell RNA sequencing, highly proliferated and dark zone (DZ)-related B cell subclusters, MKI67_B1, PTTG1_B2 and BTG1_B3, were predominant significantly in PCNS-DLBCL.

Fully biologic endothelialized-tissue-engineered vascular conduits provide antithrombotic function and graft patency.

Tissue-engineered vascular conduits (TEVCs), often made by seeding autologous bone marrow cells onto biodegradable polymeric scaffolds, hold promise toward treating single-ventricle congenital heart defects (SVCHDs). However, the clinical adoption of TEVCs has been hindered by a high incidence of graft stenosis in prior TEVC clinical trials. Herein, we developed endothelialized TEVCs by coating the luminal surface of decellularized human umbilical arteries with human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived endothelial cells (ECs), followed by shear stress training, in flow bioreactors.

An economical preparation strategy of magnetic biochar with high specific surface area for efficient removal of methyl orange.

Magnetic biochar (MBC) was obtained from pepper straw by impregnation-microwave pyrolysis method. The pyrolysis temperature and FeCl impregnation concentration were investigated on the structural properties of MBC and the adsorption of methyl orange (MO) in water. Characterization results showed that pyrolysis temperature and iron species significantly increased the specific surface area of MBC, which could reach the maximum of 2038.

Proton Conducting Neuromorphic Materials and Devices.

Neuromorphic computing and artificial intelligence hardware generally aims to emulate features found in biological neural circuit components and to enable the development of energy-efficient machines. In the biological brain, ionic currents and temporal concentration gradients control information flow and storage. It is therefore of interest to examine materials and devices for neuromorphic computing wherein ionic and electronic currents can propagate.

IDH1-mutant metabolite D-2-hydroxyglutarate inhibits proliferation and sensitizes glioma to temozolomide via down-regulating ITGB4/PI3K/AKT.

The heterogeneous molecular subtypes of gliomas demonstrate varied responses to chemotherapy and distinct prognostic outcomes. Gliomas with Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) mutation are associated with better outcomes and are more responsive to temozolomide (TMZ) compared to those without IDH1 mutation. IDH1-mutant gliomas elevate D-2-hydroxyglutarate (D-2HG) levels, with potential dual effects on tumor progression.

Identification of Key Disulfidptosis-Related Genes and Their Association with Gene Expression Subtypes in Crohn's Disease.

Background: Crohn's disease (CD) is a persistent inflammatory condition that impacts the gastrointestinal system and is characterized by a multifaceted pathogenesis involving genetic, immune, and environmental components. This study primarily investigates the relationship between gene expression and immune cell infiltration in CD, focusing on disulfidptosis-a novel form of cell death caused by abnormal disulfide accumulation-and its impact on various immune cell populations. By identifying key disulfidptosis-related genes (DRGs) and exploring their association with distinct gene expression subtypes, this research aims to enhance our understanding of CD and potentially other autoimmune diseases.

Hydrogen-induced tunable remanent polarization in a perovskite nickelate.

Materials with field-tunable polarization are of broad interest to condensed matter sciences and solid-state device technologies. Here, using hydrogen (H) donor doping, we modify the room temperature metallic phase of a perovskite nickelate NdNiO into an insulating phase with both metastable dipolar polarization and space-charge polarization. We then demonstrate transient negative differential capacitance in thin film capacitors.

Analyzing Immune Cell Infiltration and Copper Metabolism in Diabetic Foot Ulcers.

Background: Diabetes impairs wound healing, notably in diabetic foot ulcers (DFU). Stress, marked by the accumulation of lipoylated mitochondrial enzymes and the depletion of Fe-S cluster proteins, triggers cuproptosis-a distinct form of cell death. The involvement of copper in the pathophysiology of DFU has been recognized, and currently, a copper-based therapeutic strategy is emerging as a viable option for enhancing ulcer healing.

An improved attention module based on nnU-Net for segmenting primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) in MRI images1.

Background: Accurate volumetric segmentation of primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is essential for assessing and monitoring the tumor before radiotherapy and the treatment planning. The tedious manual segmentation leads to interindividual and intraindividual differences, while existing automatic segmentation methods cause under-segmentation of PCNSL due to the complex and multifaceted nature of the tumor.

Objective: To address the challenges of small size, diffused distribution, poor inter-layer continuity on the same axis, and tendency for over-segmentation in brain MRI PCNSL segmentation, we propose an improved attention module based on nnUNet for automated segmentation.

Neuromorphic one-shot learning utilizing a phase-transition material.

Design of hardware based on biological principles of neuronal computation and plasticity in the brain is a leading approach to realizing energy- and sample-efficient AI and learning machines. An important factor in selection of the hardware building blocks is the identification of candidate materials with physical properties suitable to emulate the large dynamic ranges and varied timescales of neuronal signaling. Previous work has shown that the all-or-none spiking behavior of neurons can be mimicked by threshold switches utilizing material phase transitions.