Master protocol for a series of cohort-based randomized controlled trials to test tools to communicate research results to study participants and others with relevant lived experience: the SPIN-CLEAR Trials.

Background: Research results are often not communicated to study participants or others with relevant lived experience. Effective communication of research results would help study participants understand their contribution to research and could improve trust in research and likelihood of research participation. Few randomized controlled trials (RCTs), however, have compared the effectiveness of research communication tools, and it is not known which tools work best for different people.

Mixed Methods Findings from a Stepped Wedge Hybrid Implementation Trial of ATTAIN NAV: A Mental Health Family Navigation Intervention for Autistic Youth.

ATTAIN NAV (Access to Tailored Autism Integrated Care through Family Navigation) was delivered by family navigators to promote access to and engagement with mental health services for school-age autistic youth. This study used a mixed method, stepped wedge design to test the effects of family navigation on service and clinical outcomes while gathering information on implementation. Primary care providers from six clinics in California and 56 caregiver-child dyads enrolled in and completed the study.

Race-Based Discrimination, Internalized Racism, and Anticipatory Stigma Among Sexual Minority Men in Same-Race and Interracial Relationships.

Sexual minority men (SMM) of color in inter-racial/ethnic relationships experience more stress than those in same-race/ethnic relationships. While minority stress in SMM couples has been studied, few studies have examined race/ethnicity and SMM relationship dynamics in an integrative manner, especially at the individual level. This study examined race-based discrimination, internalized racism, and anticipatory stigma among 391 U.

What do clients think about amplifying positivity? Client change perspectives following a cognitive and behavioural positive activity intervention for anxiety and depression.

The positive valence system (PVS) is increasingly recognized as an important target in facilitating recovery from anxiety and depression. Amplification of Positivity (AMP), a cognitive and behavioral intervention, targets the PVS through repeated and intentional activities (e.g.

Evaluation of the psychometric properties of the Oral Health Behavior Social Support (OHBSS) Scales in English and Spanish for Mexican-origin young adults.

Background: Valid, reliable measures of psychosocial constructs are needed in oral health research. This study quantitatively evaluated the psychometric properties of nine new Oral Health Behavior Social Support (OHBSS) scales, which measured support for three oral health behaviors (brushing, flossing, dental care), queried for each of three sources (family, health providers, others/friends).

Methods: Young Mexican-origin adults in the southwestern United States-Mexico border region completed an online survey, in English or Spanish (N = 502).

Approaches to Timescale Choice in Cognitive Aging Research and Potential Implications for Estimated Exposure Effects: Coordinated Analyses in 10 Cohorts of Older Adults.

Background: Cognitive change is an important factor in understanding dementia. Estimating effects of exposures on cognitive change requires choosing an analytical timescale, typically time on study or current age. There is limited consensus regarding timescale choice in epidemiologic cognitive aging research.

Secondary Analysis of Helplessness, Depressive Symptoms, and Sleep Quality on Health Status: A Moderated Mediation Analysis.

Purpose: The objective of the study was to determine whether depressive symptoms mediated the association between helplessness and health status, and to assess whether sleep quality moderated this relationship for people with fibromyalgia (FM) in a moderated mediation model.

Patients And Methods: The participants were 600 members of a health maintenance organization. The Arthritis Helplessness Index (AHI) was used to assess helplessness.

Interactive effects of post-traumatic stress disorder symptom severity and hypertension on cognitive dispersion in older Vietnam-Era veterans with history of post-traumatic stress disorder.

Objective: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and hypertension are highly prevalent among Veterans. Cognitive dispersion, indicating within-person variability across neuropsychological measures at one time point, is associated with increased risk of dementia. We examined interactive effects of PTSD symptom severity and hypertension on cognitive dispersion among older Veterans.

Evaluation of the Coping Strategies Questionnaire-Revised for fatigue in systemic sclerosis: a Scleroderma Patient-centred Intervention Network (SPIN) cohort study.

Objectives: To adapt and evaluate the Coping Strategies Questionnaire-Revised (CSQ-R), designed to assess pain coping, for assessing coping with fatigue in systemic sclerosis (SSc).

Methods: We adapted CSQ-R items for fatigue, and a panel of people with SSc verified content validity. Scleroderma Patient-centred Intervention Network Cohort participants completed the CSQ-R-Fatigue.

Trauma and anxiety interactions relate to reward processing in adolescents.

Anxiety is highly prevalent among adolescents, often linked to trauma exposure. However, not all youth with trauma develop anxiety, suggesting variability in risk pathways. This study investigates how neural reward system alterations may signal vulnerability to anxiety following trauma.

Dynamic influence of mood on subjective cognitive complaints in mild cognitive impairment: A time series network analysis approach.

Objectives: Subjective cognitive complaints (SCC) are common and clinically relevant in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) but are intertwined with mood states. Using Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) of SCC and network analyses we sought to uncover the links between mood and SCC and how these links may vary by the presence or absence of MCI.

Design: We used EMA to collect intensive longitudinal data.

Development of new bilingual oral health behavior social support (OHBSS) scales in English and Spanish.

This paper describes the simultaneous co-development of Oral Health Behavior Social Support (OHBSS) scales in English and Spanish. OHBSS scales assess social support for toothbrushing, flossing, and dental care utilization, which are targets for interpersonal-level interventions to promote oral health among Hispanic/Latino adults. The focus was on Mexican-origin adults, who comprise the largest United States Hispanic/Latino subgroup and experience a high oral disease burden.

The contribution of childhood trauma to irritability symptoms.

Background: Irritability is a transdiagnostic psychiatric phenotype defined as an increased proneness to anger relative to peers. Trauma is defined as actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence while adversity more broadly describes difficult or challenging situations including abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction. Irritability [or aggression] is symptom of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and may arise in response to trauma or traumatic events.

Positive Psychological Factors Relate to Domain-Specific Cognition and Daily Functioning in Middle-Aged and Older Adults with HIV.

Understanding positive psychological factors (PPFs; internal strengths, socioemotional support) that promote optimal health outcomes among people with HIV (PWH) is increasingly important. 122 PWH and 98 people without HIV (PWoH) were included in multivariable regressions, testing interactions between HIV status and PPFs on 7 cognitive domains and 2 daily functioning outcomes, controlling for depressive symptoms. Overall, higher internal strengths were related to better learning and memory, whereas higher socioemotional support was related to better processing speed and psychomotor speed.

Giving support to close others increases affective risk perceptions: longitudinal and experimental studies.

Risk perceptions are instrumental in predicting how people will process and react to threats. While social contexts have long been associated with changes in risk perception, whether and which social contexts alter risk perceptions is not well understood. This paper explores one such social context--support-giving--which has previous links to affect, cognition, and behavior, including how threats are processed.

Protocol for evaluation of iTEST, a novel blended intervention to enhance introspective accuracy in psychotic disorders.

Poor introspective accuracy (IA), defined as inaccurate judgments of one's abilities and performance, is a strong and independent predictor of functional impairment in people with psychotic disorders. However, there are currently no treatments that directly target IA in this population as a primary outcome. We describe a protocol for a clinical trial to test a newly developed blended digital intervention, Improving Thinking through Everyday SelfAssessment Training (iTEST), aimed at improving IA in people with psychotic disorders to improve functional outcomes.

Factors Associated With Life Satisfaction Among Veterans Enrolled in the Healthy Aging Project-Brain (HAP-B) Psychoeducational Class.

Healthy Aging Project-Brain (HAP-B) is a novel clinical psychoeducation offering developed to encourage engagement in activities associated with successful aging. HAP-B targets sleep, socialization, physical, and cognitive activity through myth-busting, developing SMART goals, and tracking behavioral change. Study aims: (1) assess feasibility/acceptability in a Veteran population; (2) analyze pre- and post-intervention ratings to examine health and well-being; (3) explore associations between health factors and life satisfaction.

Predicting Trajectories of Everyday Functioning in Adults Aging with HIV Using Latent Growth Mixture Modeling.

As the U.S. population of people with HIV (PWH) ages, PWH exhibit high rates of adverse health outcomes including everyday functioning decline.

Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of inflammation and immune activation associated with neurocognitive impairment among US Latinos with HIV.

Objective: Examine the association between markers of inflammation in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and neurocognitive impairment (NCI) among diverse persons with HIV (PWH).

Background: Latino PWH are at higher risk for NCI than non-Latino White PWH (NLW). Evidence of inflammation in CSF can be higher among racial and ethnic minority PWH and has been linked to NCI.

Empirically Determining Binge/Purge Frequency Thresholds for Differentiating Anorexia Nervosa-Restricting Subtype vs. Binge-Purge Subtype.

Objective: While research supports differentiating anorexia nervosa into binge-purge (AN-BP) vs. restricting (AN-R) subtypes, DSM-5-TR does not provide a specific threshold of binge and/or purge episodes that constitutes an AN-BP vs. AN-R diagnosis.

Reinforcement learning in women remitted from anorexia nervosa: Preliminary examination with a hybrid reinforcement learning/drift diffusion model.

Objective: Altered reinforcement learning (RL) and decision-making have been implicated in the pathophysiology of anorexia nervosa. To determine whether deficits observed in symptomatic anorexia nervosa are also present in remission, we investigated RL in women remitted from anorexia nervosa (rAN).

Methods: Participants performed a probabilistic associative learning task that involved learning from rewarding or punishing outcomes across consecutive sets of stimuli to examine generalization of learning to new stimuli over extended task exposure.

Examining Associations of Borderline Personality Disorder Symptoms and Eating Disorder Diagnoses: Results From a US Representative Sample.

Objectives: Borderline personality disorder (BPD) and eating disorders (EDs) are common comorbid diagnoses. Given the various combinations of borderline personality disorder symptoms (BPDS) that can comprise a diagnosis, understanding whether specific BPDS are more likely to be associated with an ED (anorexia nervosa [AN], bulimia nervosa [BN], and binge eating disorder [BED]) is important for the conceptualization and treatment of BPD-ED comorbidity.

Methods: This study used data from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions-III (NESARC-III) study, a nationally representative dataset of US adults (N = 36,309).