Regulation of Cues vs Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Binge Eating and Weight Loss Among Veterans: A Feasibility and Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) has the most empirical support for treatment of binge eating. Appetitive traits, including food responsiveness and satiety responsiveness, impact how individuals interact with the current obesogenic environment. The regulation of cues (ROC) plus behavioral weight loss (BWL) intervention was specifically developed to target food responsiveness, satiety responsiveness, and energy reduction.

Design of the SHARE study: A randomized controlled trial evaluating the regulation of cues treatment for adults with overweight or obesity and high food responsiveness.

Obesity is a heterogeneous disease influenced by individual behavioral factors, environment, genes, and neural processes. Behavioral weight loss (BWL), the current gold-standard treatment for overweight and obesity (OW/OB), does not produce sustained weight loss for all individuals. Appetitive traits, such as food responsiveness (FR), are risk factors that could account for differences in how individuals interact with today's food environment and increase susceptibility for overeating and weight gain.

Factors Associated With Oral Hygiene Practices Among Young Mexican-Identifying Southern Californians.

Purpose: To examine factors associated with oral hygiene behaviors among young Mexican-identifying adults.

Methods: Survey data from 340 Mexican-identifying adults aged 21-40 years residing in US-Mexico border regions in California were analyzed. Outcomes included the frequency of toothbrushing and flossing in the last 7 days.

Parenting Training Plus Behavioral Treatment for Children With Obesity: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Family-based behavioral treatment (FBT) is recommended for childhood obesity treatment; however, it is not effective for all families. Since parenting training (PT) has been associated with healthy weight and eating behaviors, intensive PT may augment delivery of behavior change strategies and improve child weight loss outcomes.

Objective: To compare the efficacy of child overweight or obesity treatment that adds intensive PT to standard FBT with the efficacy of FBT alone.

State and Sociodemographic Trends in US Cigarette Smoking With Future Projections.

Importance: There are still significant population-level health consequences of cigarette smoking in US states.

Objective: To estimate whether differential sociodemographic trends in smoking prevalence since 1992 will close the prevalence gap between states by 2035.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cross-sectional study included data from 18 repeated, state-representative US Tobacco Use Supplement to the Current Population Surveys (TUS-CPS) from 1992 to 2022.

Daily or Nondaily Vaping and Smoking Cessation Among Smokers.

Importance: An important public health goal is to increase tobacco cessation, but there is limited research on associations of vaping with tobacco cessation.

Objective: To estimate the association of vaping with long-term tobacco cessation among US cigarette smokers who used electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS; ie, e-cigarettes) in 2017.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cohort study used a nationally representative sample of US cigarette smokers from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health cohort at wave 4 (2017) with follow-up at wave 6 (2021).

Adapting and applying tobacco dependence indicators to cannabis dependence.

Objectives: Dependence on addictive substances is indicated by impaired control, strong desires/craving, withdrawal symptoms with abstinence, challenges with quitting, etc. Most measures of dependence are substance-specific, which inhibits comparisons across substances. In light of increasing prevalence of cannabis and tobacco co-use, we aimed to adapt indicators of tobacco dependence to assess cannabis dependence (CD).

Guided Self-Help vs Group Treatment for Children With Obesity: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background And Objectives: Family-based behavioral treatment (FBT) for children with obesity is provided in weekly parent and child groups over 6 months. A guided self-help FBT program (gshFBT) is provided to the dyad in short meetings. Both interventions provide the same content; however, gshFBT provides this content in less time (FBT = 23 hours, gshFBT = 5.

Psychosocial Determinants of Poor Dental Attendance Among Young Mexican-Identifying Adults in California.

Objective: Engagement in preventive dental care is a complex health behaviour and is determined by multiple factors. The study aimed to understand the association of psychosocial determinants with poor dental attendance.

Methods: Survey data from 333 Mexican-identifying adults in California aged 21-40-year were analysed.

Design of the FRESH-teen study: A randomized controlled trial evaluating an adapted emotion regulation weight loss program for adolescents with overweight or obesity and their parent.

Overweight and obesity affect >40% of adolescents. Family-based behavioral treatment (FBT) is the most efficacious behavioral treatment for weight management among youth and consists of nutrition and physical activity education, behavior change skills, and parent skills training. However, the efficacy of FBT decreases for youth as they get older.

Predictors of parent self-monitoring patterns in a family-based behavioral weight loss treatment program.

Objective: Self-monitoring dietary intake is a critical component of family-based intensive health behavior and lifestyle treatment for pediatric obesity, but adherence rates are often low. This study identifies predictors of parent self-monitoring rates during treatment.

Methods: A secondary analysis of parent self-monitoring data from a randomized controlled trial involving 150 parent-child dyads.

Cigarette smoking decline among US young adults from 2000 to 2019, in relation to state-level cigarette price and tobacco control expenditure.

Objective: To investigate the association of state-level cigarette price and tobacco control expenditure with the large 2000-2019 decline in cigarette smoking among US 18-24 year-olds.

Methods: Smoking behaviour was assessed in the 24 most populous US states using the 1992-2019 Tobacco Use Supplements to the Current Population Survey; association with price and expenditure was tested using adjusted logistic regression. States were ranked by inflation-adjusted average price and tobacco control expenditure and grouped into tertiles.

Validation of a laboratory craving assessment and evaluation of 4 different interventions on cravings among adults with overweight or obesity.

Food cue reactivity (FCR) is an appetitive trait associated with overeating and weight gain. We developed a laboratory craving assessment to objectively evaluate cognitive aspects of FCR. This study examined the preliminary construct and criterion validity of this craving assessment and evaluated 4 different interventions, 2 of which incorporated cue-exposure treatment for food, on craving over treatment and follow-up.

Importance of Various E-Cigarette Device and E-Liquid Characteristics by Smoking Status among Young Adults Who Vape.

Background: E-cigarette product characteristics are known to influence appeal among young adults. Understanding which characteristics appeal to individuals with (vs. without) a history of combusted tobacco use is essential for developing effective tobacco control policies.

A randomized controlled trial examining general parenting training and family-based behavioral treatment for childhood obesity: The ReFRESH study design.

Family-based behavioral treatment (FBT) is one of the most effective treatments for childhood obesity. These programs include behavior change strategies and basic parenting training to help parents make healthy diet and physical activity changes for their children. While effective, not all families respond to this program.

Exploring relationships among appetitive traits, negative affect, and binge eating in adults with overweight or obesity.

Binge eating (BE) is a significant public health concern due to its prevalence and impact on mental and physical health. While research has suggested both negative affect and appetitive traits are associated with BE, few studies have investigated these constructs concurrently. Structural equation modeling (SEM) evaluated relationships between negative affect, reward-related appetitive traits, and BE among 293 adults with overweight or obesity (OW/OB) seeking treatment for BE, overeating, and weight management (m age = 46.

Adding executive function training to cognitive behavioral therapy for binge eating disorder: A pilot randomized controlled trial.

Evidence-based treatments for binge eating disorder (BED), such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) lead to successful outcomes only about half the time. Individuals with BED often have measurable deficits in executive function (EF) that may challenge adherence to or impact of cognitive behavioral intervention components. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of adding EF training to CBT by combining CBT with a compensatory cognitive training approach (EF-CBT).

Reduction in eating disorder symptoms among adults in different weight loss interventions.

Restriction of food intake and counting calories as part of weight loss programs are thought to trigger eating behaviors and attitudes which can lead to eating disorders. We have developed a treatment model, Regulation of Cues (ROC), that targets appetitive traits, including food responsiveness and satiety responsiveness, which could address overeating at an implicit level and reduce risk of detrimental behaviors and attitudes. This manuscript evaluates eating disorder symptoms, attitudes, and behaviors among adults with overweight or obesity randomized to ROC, behavioral weight loss (BWL), a combination of ROC + BWL (ROC+) and an active comparator (AC).

Changes in Tobacco Dependence and Association With Onset and Progression of Use by Product Type From Waves 1 to 3 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study.

Introduction: This study examined trajectories of tobacco dependence (TD) in relationship to changes in tobacco product use, and explored the effects of product-specific adding, switching, or discontinued use on dependence over time.

Aims And Methods: Data were analyzed from the first three waves from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study, a nationally representative, longitudinal study of adults and youth in the United States. Data included 9556 wave 1 (2013-2014) adult current established tobacco users aged 18 or older who completed all three interviews and had established use at ≥2 assessments.

Design of the CHARGE study: A randomized control trial evaluating a novel treatment for Veterans with binge eating disorder and overweight and obesity.

A large number of Veterans experience binge eating and overweight or obesity, which are associated with significant health and psychological consequences. The gold-standard program for the treatment of binge eating, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), results in decreases in binge eating frequency but does not result in significant weight loss. We developed the Regulation of Cues (ROC) program to reduce overeating and binge eating through improvement in sensitivity to appetitive cues and decreased responsivity to external cues, an approach that has never been tested among Veterans.

Indicators of Tobacco Dependence Among Youth: Findings From Wave 1 (2013-2014) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study.

Background: Prior work established a measure of tobacco dependence (TD) among adults that can be used to compare TD across different tobacco products. We extend this approach to develop a common, cross-product metric for TD among youth.

Methods: One thousand one hundred and forty-eight youth aged 12-17 who used a tobacco product in the past 30 days were identified from 13 651 youth respondents in Wave 1 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study.

Discordance between assessments of food cue responsiveness: Implications for assessment in youth with overweight/obesity.

Food cue responsiveness (FCR), broadly defined as behavioral, cognitive, emotional and/or physiological responses to external appetitive cues outside of physiological need, contributes to overeating and obesity among youth and adults. A variety of measures purportedly assess this construct, ranging from youth- or parent-report surveys to objective eating tasks. However, little research has assessed their convergence.

Differentiating Reasons for Young Adult E-cigarette Use Using Maximum Difference Choice Models.

Introduction: Understanding the reasons young adults use e-cigarettes (ie, vape)-and whether these motivations vary across groups-is essential for informing tobacco regulatory efforts.

Aims And Methods: An online panel of young adults who vape (n = 230; age = 18-30 years) completed a maximum difference discrete choice task for 15 reasons for vaping. Over 9 choice sets, participants were presented a subset of 5 reasons and selected the most and least important.

Adults with overweight or obesity use less efficient memory strategies compared to adults with healthy weight on a verbal list learning task modified with food words.

Several studies suggest poorer episodic memory among adults with overweight (OW) relative to those with healthy weight (HW); however, few have used food stimuli. To understand the salience of food-related items when assessing memory, we adapted an episodic memory task, by replacing some non-food words with snack foods. Participants were 96 weight-loss seeking adults with OW compared to 48 adults with HW from the community matched on age, gender, ethnicity, and education.