Miniaturized spectroscopy and AI-driven probes in food industry automation.

Spectroscopy is a rapidly advancing analytical technique, which is increasingly employed in the food industry as a non-destructive and rapid quality control tool. Based on spectral analysis and developed multivariate predictive models this technique is suitable for online and real-time monitoring of various food products. Integrated into in-line, on-line, or at-line systems, spectroscopy enables the monitoring of critical quality attributes, nutritional, bioactive and specific analyte molecules for enhancing product consistency and safety.

Isolates from Pea Are More Aggressive than Those from Wheat: Potential Implications for Pea-Wheat Rotations.

is an important root rot pathogen of pulses and a causative agent of Fusarium head blight of cereals. Studies have shown higher abundance of in the field as a result of pulse-cereal rotations. It is not known whether this rotation can have an influence on the aggressiveness or pathogenicity of the isolates, as they interact among different host species.

Pd/C-Catalyzed Dehydrogenative [3 + 2] Cycloaddition for the Synthesis of Dihydropyrrolo[2,1-]isoquinolines.

A Pd/C-catalyzed dehydrogenative [3 + 2] cycloaddition/oxidative aromatization cascade process for the synthesis of dihydropyrrolo[2,1-] isoquinolines has been developed. Pd/C was employed as a reusable catalyst, enabling good yields of the desired products without the requirement for additional oxidants. Remarkably, after five cycles, the palladium catalyst preserved its catalytic efficiency.

Novel insight into the impact of black soldier fly larvae meal and protease on cecal microbiome, SCFAs, and excreta composition in laying hens.

Background: Insect farming represents a sustainable loop that recycles organic wastes back to the food chain while requiring minimal inputs such as land and water. Insect products are not only low in environment footprint, but also nutrient-dense and contain health-promoting bioactives. Black soldier fly larvae meal (BSFLM) stands out as an excellent source of protein and chitin, and the latter is a polysaccharide associated with promoting gut health.

Electrochemical studies of Ruthenium (III) complexes derived from chitosan Schiff base ligands.

The biocompatible nature of the chitosan biopolymer enables it to facilitate a wide range of organic transformations including chemical modification with some carbonyl compounds. Transition metal complexes namely [Ru(CS)4hy3mbd)(HO)].Cl [Ru(CS)2hybd)(HO)].

A TOPLESS-related gene regulates both male and female sterility in wheat.

Wheat yield mainly depends on thousand-grain weight, spike number per unit, and grain number per spike. Since fertility is directly related to seed setting rate and grain number, the discovery of novel genes and alleles affecting male or female sterility is essential for advancing the genetic understanding of wheat fertility. Here we identified a wheat mutant on anther-stigma development (asd), exhibiting both male and female sterility with thin shriveled non-dehiscent anthers that failed to release pollen, as well as visorless stigmas.

High plant diversity alleviates the negative effects of nitrogen deposition on soil nitrogen cycling multifunctionality.

Introduction: Changes in plant diversity and increased atmospheric nitrogen deposition independently influence soil nitrogen cycling in terrestrial ecosystems. However, the interactive effects of plant diversity and nitrogen deposition on soil nitrogen cycling multifunctionality (NCMF) in grassland ecosystems remain poorly understood.

Methods: We conducted a fully factorial microcosm experiment to quantify the responses and underlying mechanism of soil NCMF to nitrogen addition (0, 5, and 10 g N m yr.

Genomic Diversity of Tomato Brown Rugose Fruit Virus in Canadian Greenhouse Production Systems.

Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV) is a recently emerged viral pathogen in the genus first observed in 2014 in the Middle East that has since spread worldwide, causing significant losses in greenhouse tomato production. ToBRFV is easily mechanically transmitted and can escape the durable resistance gene, facilitating its global spread. Seed companies have identified novel sources of resistance and introduced these resistance traits into commercial cultivars.

The Protective Effects of Pectic Polysaccharides on Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis in and Their Structure-Function Relationships.

Background: Pectic polysaccharides exhibit therapeutic potential against intestinal inflammation. However, the influence of structural variations on their efficacy remains largely unexplored.

Methods: This study investigated the structural and anti-inflammatory relationships of okra pectin (OP), citrus pectin (CP), apple pectin (AP), and hawthorn pectin (HP).

Shift of Microbiota and Modulation of Resistome in the Ceca of Broiler Chicken Fed Berry Pomace Alone or in Combination of a Multienzyme Mixture.

Alternative feed additives are being investigated due to the restriction of antibiotics use to decrease antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in food-producing animals. This study investigated the effects of dietary American cranberry () and wild blueberry () pomaces on the cecal microbiota and resistome profiles as well as the short-chain fatty acid levels. Male broiler chickens Cobb500 were fed a basal diet with either 55 ppm bacitracin methylene disalicylate (BMD); 0.

Chitosan Biomaterials: Advances and Challenges-2nd Edition.

Obtained via the partial deacetylation of chitin, the naturally occurring polysaccharide chitosan is known for its biodegradability, biocompatibility, bioabsorbability, and non-toxicity [...

Advances in Genome Editing Through Haploid Induction Systems.

Groundbreaking advances in gene editing technologies are transforming modern plant breeding by enabling precise genetic modifications that dramatically accelerate crop improvement. Haploid and diploid induction systems have emerged as particularly powerful tools in this landscape, offering both efficient gene editing capabilities and rapid production of homozygous lines while seamlessly integrating with the advanced genome-editing platforms such as CRISPR-Cas systems. This review synthesizes the current state of knowledge regarding the mechanisms, applications, and recent progress in haploid and diploid induction systems for gene editing.

Voacamine initiates the PI3K/mTOR/Beclin1 pathway to induce autophagy and potentiate apoptosis in acute myeloid leukemia.

Background: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is notoriously prevalent as a malignant hematological neoplasm, and commonly prescribed combination chemotherapeutic treatments invariably involve unanticipated toxicities. Therefore, identifying potential single agent with definitive multi-target and multi-pathway anti-tumor properties is an emerging strategy for the effective treatment of AML.

Purpose: The present study aimed to investigate how voacamine (VOA) regulated apoptosis and autophagy to suppress the progression of AML.

Bi-functional carbonaceous hybrid nanocomposites with anticancer and antibacterial potential: synthesis, characterization, and cytotoxicity assessment.

Infectious diseases and cancers are the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Despite the discovery of antimicrobials and anticancer drugs, the mortality rate has not declined significantly. Hence, new novel agents with antibacterial and anticancer properties without toxicity are urgently needed.

Feasibility of Bamboo Sawdust as Sustainable Alternative Substrate for Cultivation.

With the increasing scarcity of traditional hardwood sawdust resources, developing sustainable substrates for edible fungi cultivation has become an urgent industrial priority. This study systematically evaluated the effects of bamboo sawdust substitutions (20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%) on mycelial growth, fruiting body development, and nutritional quality of , while elucidating the underlying molecular mechanisms through transcriptome sequencing. The results demonstrated that bamboo substitution of ≤30% maintained normal mycelial growth and fruiting body differentiation, with 20% and 30% substitutions increasing yields by 5.

Routing and Scheduling in Time-Sensitive Networking by Evolutionary Algorithms.

Routing and scheduling in Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) is an NP-hard problem. In this paper, we propose a novel routing and scheduling approach for TSN based on evolutionary algorithm. Specifically, we introduce a flow grouping method that leverages the greatest common divisor to optimize flow aggregation.

Sustainable Fuel Additives Derived from Renewable Resources: Promising Strategies for a Greener Future.

In the current era of energy transition, the development of synthetic fuel production pathways has revolutionized the prospects for sustaining carbon-based hydrocarbon fuels in the transportation sector. Notably, technologies such as Power-to-X (PTX) and biofuels have emerged as promising solutions, fostering cleaner fuels with reduced carbon intensity. However, it is imperative to note that synthetic fuels like e-gasoline, e-ATF, and e-diesel generated via PTX methods, along with biofuels, may possess distinct physiochemical properties compared to their conventional crude oil-derived counterparts.

Intense Pulsed Light for the Treatment of Dry Eye Disease: A Bibliometric and Visualized Analysis.

Bibliometric study of intense pulsed light (IPL) for dry eye disease (DED) and meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) to characterize current worldwide patterns and offer visual representations of previous and emerging trends. DED is a prevalent eye condition and IPL has been reported to be an effective therapy for dry eyes. This cross-sectional study examined IPL for DED research evolution and theme trends from 2015 to 2024, using bibliometric analysis of WoSCC data.

Disabilities in children receiving social care and support in Wales and factors associated with placement into care: A population-based data linkage study.

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of disability amongst children receiving care and support in Wales (2017-2021), and examine the proportion of disabled children with different combinations of disabilities, by their care status (in care/not in care). To investigate risk factors associated with placement in care amongst these children.

Method: We used Children Receiving Care and Support Census records held in the Secure Anonymized Information Linkage Databank linked to demographic records and the Children Looked After Census.

Effect of resting time on beef roast moisture retention and palatability.

This study evaluated the effects of different resting periods (0, 8 and 13 min) on moisture retention and palatability of beef roasts. Resting losses were higher for roasts rested for 8 and 13 min than for roasts that were not rested. In contrast, the unrested roasts had higher slicing losses compared to the roasts rested for 8 and 13 min.

Effectiveness of spectacle lenses with highly aspherical lenslets in slowing axial elongation among non-myopic children.

Clinical Relevance: Spectacle lenses with aspherical lenslets are effective in controlling axial elongation and slowing myopia progression in children with myopia, and its effectiveness may extend to children at risk of developing myopia.

Background: This study aims to examine the effectiveness of plano highly aspherical lenslets (HAL) spectacle lenses in slowing down axial elongation and spherical equivalent refraction (SER) progression among non-myopic children, using retrospective data records.

Methods: This retrospective study included data from medical records from an eye hospital network (Wellem Group) in Shanghai, China.

Tracking the genome-wide occupancy of Arabidopsis LEAFY COTYLEDON1 in endosperm development.

Endosperm development is crucial for embryo growth and seed maturation. LEAFY COTYLEDON1 (LEC1), expressed in both endosperm and embryo, serves as a key regulator of seed development, orchestrating processes such as embryogenesis and seed maturation. LEC1 expression in the endosperm is detectable within a day after fertilization, yet its specific regulatory networks and developmental functions in this tissue remain unclear.

Innovations in the diagnosis, treatment, and management of disorders of gut-brain interaction (DGBI).

Introduction: Functional dyspepsia (FD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are the most prevalent disorders of gut-brain interaction (DGBI), frequently overlapping and associated with complex pathophysiological mechanisms. Increasing evidence implicates gut microbiota alterations in driving symptoms via immune activation, altered motility, gut vascular barrier and gut-brain axis disruption.

Areas Covered: This review explores the role of gut microbiota in FD and IBS pathogenesis and symptomatology.

Dual-nickel/photoredox-catalyzed acylation of spiro-dihydroquinazolinones with carboxylic acids an aromatization-driven deconstructive strategy.

Dual-nickel/photoredox-catalyzed aromatization-mediated deconstruction and acylation of spiro-dihydroquinazolinones with carboxylic acids serving as acyl electrophiles is described. A series of synthetical ketone scaffolds with functional group tolerance could be obtained under mild conditions. A radical pathway involving an N-centered radical inducing β-scission to form a C-centered radical is proposed for these transformations.