Both Corticosteroids and Intravenous Immunoglobulin Protect From Aneurysms in Children With Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome (MIS-C): A Multicenter Ambispective Study.

Background: Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a post-COVID-19 condition resembling Kawasaki disease, including developing coronary aneurysms. Optimal treatment remains uncertain. This study aims to identify effective therapies for preventing aneurysms in MIS-C and associated risk factors.

Residual Breast Tissue After Four Types of Mastectomy: A Prospective, Comparative Study.

Background: Residual breast tissue (RBT), defined as glandular tissue left behind after mastectomy, raises concerns about oncologic safety. However, data on its prevalence and clinical significance remain limited, with existing studies hampered by small sample sizes and inconsistent methodologies. This study evaluated the prevalence of RBT across four mastectomy types-simple mastectomy (SM), modified radical mastectomy (MRM), skin-sparing mastectomy (SSM), and nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM)-and identified factors influencing its presence.

polymorphisms are associated with susceptibility to Kawasaki disease but do not predict intravenous immunoglobulin resistance and coronary artery aneurysms.

Introduction: Kawasaki disease (KD) is a pediatric vasculitis that can result in coronary artery aneurysm (CAA) formation, which is a dangerous complication. Treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) significantly decreases the risk of CAA, possibly through competitive binding to Fc-gamma receptors (FcRs), which reduces the binding of pathological immune complexes. However, ~20% of children have recrudescence of fever and have an increased risk of CAA.

How international guidelines recommend treating children who have severe COVID-19 or risk disease progression.

Aim: This study reviewed the current knowledge and guidelines on managing COVID-19 in children and proposed a practical approach to drug treatment.

Methods: We analysed international guidelines from four prominent scientific bodies on treating COVID-19 in children. These were the UK National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, the American National Institutes of Health, the Infectious Diseases Society of America and the Australian National Clinical Evidence Taskforce COVID-19.

Pathologic Analysis of Twenty-one Appendices From Children With Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome Compared to Specimens of Acute Appendicitis: A Cross-sectional Study.

Background: Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a rare, severe complication of coronavirus disease 2019, commonly involving the gastrointestinal tract. Some children with MIS-C undergo appendectomy before the final diagnosis. There are several hypotheses explaining the pathomechanism of MIS-C, including the central role of the viral antigen persistence in the gut, associated with lymphocyte exhaustion.

Ukrainian War Refugee Children With Particularly Severe Viral Infections: A Case Series Report.

The humanitarian crisis in Ukraine in 2022 led to a massive migration of refugees to Poland. Immigrant children, living in overcrowded humanitarian hubs, were exposed to multiple stressful factors likely affecting their immune systems. This case series study aimed to describe a particularly severe course of common viral infections, in Ukrainian refugee children.

Monte Carlo Regression for Evaluating Children's Role in the Pandemic Spread on the Example of Delta COVID-19 Wave.

Background: The children's role in transmitting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the familial settings is uncertain. We aimed to assess how often children were the index cases transmitting SARS-CoV-2 into their households during the Delta wave, and to identify risk factors of children being the index case.

Methods: In this prospective survey study, we collected information regarding household members of SARS-CoV-2-positive children tested in a single tertiary hospital.

Influenza vaccination from the perspective of health care workers at university hospitals.

Background: The influenza vaccination rate of healthcare workers (HWs) in Poland is low. Before implementing methods for promoting influenza vaccination, it is crucial to identify attitudes towards vaccination. We aimed to examine the knowledge and attitudes towards influenza vaccination of HWs at university hospitals.

Three-Dimensional Echocardiography and Global Longitudinal Strain in Follow-Up After Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children: Six-Month, Single-Center, Prospective Study.

Objective: To assess the potential long-term cardiac effects after multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) with cardiovascular involvement in the acute phase.

Study Design: Our prospective study involved children consecutively diagnosed with MIS-C between October 2020 and February 2022 and followed 6 weeks and 6 months after the disease. In patients with severe cardiac involvement during the acute phase, an additional check-up after 3 months was scheduled.

A tendency to worse course of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children with obesity: MultiOrgan Inflammatory Syndromes COVID-19 related study.

Background: A new disease entity called multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a rare consequence of COVID-19 infection. The pathophysiology and risk factors of MIS-C are still unclear, and the clinical manifestation ranges from milder forms to cases needing intensive care unit treatment. Based on available data, obesity is linked to pro-inflammatory stimulation.

Clinical characteristics of children with MIS-C fulfilling classification criteria for macrophage activation syndrome.

Background: Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) is a potentially life-threatening complication of various inflammatory disorders, including multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). MIS-C refractory to treatment should raise suspicion of MAS, which can be fatal if a definitive diagnosis is delayed. Unfortunately, there is a lack of data on MAS in children with MIS-C.

Distinct characteristics of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children in Poland.

During the winter months of 2020/2021 a wave of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) emerged in Poland. We present the results of a nationwide register aiming to capture and characterise MIS-C with a focus on severity determinants. The first MIS-C wave in Poland was notably high, hence our analysis involved 274 children.

NT-proBNP as a Potential Marker of Cardiovascular Damage in Children with Chronic Kidney Disease.

Assessing cardiovascular disease (CVD) in children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is difficult. Great expectations have been associated with biomarkers, including the N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP). This study aimed to determine the correlation between NT-proBNP and cardiovascular complications in children with CKD.

Recurrent assessment of lymphocyte subsets in 32 patients with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C).

Background: Lymphopenia is a hallmark of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). We aimed to characterize lymphocyte subsets' shifts and their correlations with other severity markers of MIS-C.

Methods: In this prospective cross-sectional study, we performed peripheral lymphocyte phenotyping in 32 patients with MIS-C.

Association Between rs12037447, rs146732504, rs151078858, rs55723436, and rs6094136 Polymorphisms and Kawasaki Disease in the Population of Polish Children.

Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute self-limited febrile vasculitis that mainly affects young children. Coronary artery involvement is the most serious complication in children with KD. It is currently the leading cause of acquired cardiac disease in children from developed countries.

Pediatric Inflammatory Multisystem Syndrome (PIMS) Did Occur in Poland during Months with Low COVID-19 Prevalence, Preliminary Results of a Nationwide Register.

Pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome (PIMS) is a new entity in children, likely associated with previous coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) infection. Most of the reports about PIMS come from countries particularly hit by the COVID-19 pandemic. Our aim was to investigate the nature of inflammatory syndromes in Poland (country with low COVID-19 prevalence) and to perceive the emergence of PIMS in our country.

SARS-CoV-2 Cluster in Nursery, Poland.

We report a cluster of surprisingly high spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) associated with a single nursery in Poland. Our findings contrast with the presumed negligible role of children in driving the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Children 1-2 years of age might be effective SARS-CoV-2 spreaders.

Serum Klotho is correlated to cardiovascular complications of chronic kidney disease in children.

Aim: Aim of the study was to investigate soluble Klotho (sKl), fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) concentrations, and their correlations with cardiovascular complications in children with CKD.

Materials And Methods: 38 children with CKD stages 2 - 5 were compared to 38 healthy controls in terms of: plasma FGF23, serum sKl, peripheral and central blood pressure, arterial stiffness (pulse wave velocity - (PWV)), carotid intima media thickness (cIMT), left ventricular mass index (LVMI), and diastolic function. Correlations between FGF23, sKl, and cardiovascular parameters were investigated.

Renalase in children with chronic kidney disease.

Renalase is kidney-derived molecule initially considered as catecholamine-inactivating enzyme. However, recent studies suggest that renalase exerts potent cardio- and nephroprotective actions, not related to its enzymatic activity. To assess renalase level in children with chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Carotid intima-media thickness in children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome: A single center cross-sectional study .

Aim: Our aim was to assess common carotid artery intima-media thickness (cIMT) in children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) and to find relation between cIMT and clinical and biochemical parameters in these patients.

Materials And Methods: In 50 children with INS we retrospectively evaluated: cIMT ((mm) and Z-score) and selected clinical and biochemical parameters. The control group consisted of 20 healthy children aged 9.