Drought adaptation index (DAI) based on BLUP as a selection approach for drought-resilient switchgrass germplasm.

This study introduces a Drought Adaptation Index (DAI), derived from Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (BLUP), as a method to assess drought resilience in switchgrass ( L.). A panel of 404 genotypes was evaluated under drought-stressed (CV) and well-watered (UC) conditions over four consecutive years (2019-2022).

Ruminal and postruminal absorption of copper, manganese, and zinc of nonlactating and nonpregnant Holstein cows fed sulfate trace minerals above recommendations.

The objective of this study was to evaluate ruminal and postruminal apparent absorption of Cu, Mn, and Zn with rations containing 2 different concentrations of sulfate Co, Mn, and Zn supplements in nonlactating, nonpregnant Holstein cows. Four multiparous cows with ruminal and duodenal cannulas were used in a double 2 × 2 crossover design. Cows were assigned to the following treatments: (1) mineral supplement providing concentrations of Co, Mn, and Zn at 0.

Contrasting age-dependent leaf acclimation strategies drive vegetation greening across deciduous broadleaf forests in mid- to high latitudes.

Increasing leaf area and extending vegetation growing seasons are two primary drivers of global greening, which has emerged as one of the most significant responses to climate change. However, it remains unclear how these two leaf acclimation strategies would vary across forests at a large spatial scale. Here, using multiple satellite-based datasets and field measurements, we analysed the temporal changes (Δ) in maximal leaf area index (LAI) and length of the growing season (LOS) from 2002 to 2021 across deciduous broadleaf forests (DBFs) in the middle to high latitudes.

Dynamic transcriptomic responses to soybean cyst nematode infection in soybean genotypes with contrasting resistance profiles.

Introduction: Soybean cyst nematode populations are rapidly evolving to overcome the limited genetic resistance currently employed in commercial soybean varieties, threatening the future of crop production. To mitigate that, it is crucial to identify novel sources of resistance. Soybean lines PI 561310 and PI 567295 were previously found to exhibit partial SCN resistance despite lacking resistant alleles at and .

SCL15 Regulates the Release of Seed Dormancy in Arabidopsis thaliana by Integrating the Circadian Clock, Hormonal Signals and Cell Wall Remodelling.

Dormancy release and germination of the seed are two separate, but continuous phases controlled by both external (e.g., light and temperature) and internal (e.

Omics Insights Into the Effects of Highbush Blueberry and Cranberry Crop Agroecosystems on Honey Bee Health and Physiology.

Honey bees (Apis mellifera) are vital pollinators in fruit-producing agroecosystems like highbush blueberry (HBB) and cranberry (CRA). However, their health is threatened by multiple interacting stressors, including pesticides, pathogens, and nutritional changes. We tested the hypothesis that distinct agricultural ecosystems-with different combinations of agrochemical exposure, pathogen loads, and floral resources-elicit ecosystem-specific, tissue-level molecular responses in honey bees.

Nutritional Value, Antinutritional Factors, and Protein Quality of Seeds: A Sustainable Protein Source.

This study evaluated the nutritional and antinutritional (ANFs) composition and protein profiles of different components of Ramon () seed, including the seed coat, fruit, and both roasted and green (unprocessed) seeds. Proximate composition, mineral content, ANFs quantification, amino acid profile, protein digestibility, SDS-PAGE, proteomics, and gluten ELISA were performed. Protein contents ranged from 9.

Nutritional Challenges Related to Animal Welfare in Feedlot and Dairy Cattle.

The current article describes select nutritional metabolic disorders that can impact the health and well-being of beef and dairy cattle. These include: Subclinical or clinical acidosis that can lead to rumen, hind gut, or systemic acidosis. Acidosis can disrupt epithelial barrier function in the rumen and hindgut, enabling bacteria to enter the portal vein and form liver abscesses.

Functional synergy and genomic linkage of glyphosate resistance traits in Canada fleabane.

Background: Glyphosate resistance in Conyza canadensis (Canada fleabane) has been primarily attributed to non-target-site resistance (NTSR) mechanisms such as vacuolar sequestration, though these have not been formally elucidated. While a target-site mutation at EPSPS2 (P106S) was recently identified, it failed to account for many resistant cases. These findings underscore the need to re-evaluate the genetic basis of glyphosate resistance in this species.

Molecular insights into postharvest seed coat darkening in common beans: a look beyond the gene.

Many market classes of common beans () have a significant reduction in crop value due to the postharvest darkening of the seed coat. Seed coat darkening is caused by an elevated accumulation and oxidation of proanthocyanidins (PAs). In common bean, the major color gene encodes for a bHLH protein with its allele controlling the postharvest slow darkening seed coat trait.

DECODE: An open-source cloud-based platform for the noninvasive management of peripheral artery disease.

Background And Objective: Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a progressive vascular condition affecting >237 million individuals worldwide. Accurate diagnosis and patient-specific treatment planning are critical but are often hindered by limited access to advanced imaging tools and real-time analytical support. This study presents DECODE, an open-source, cloud-based platform that integrates artificial intelligence, interactive 3D visualization, and computational modeling to improve the noninvasive management of PAD.

Quantitative proteomic data of flotillin-2 interactome within detergent resistant membranes of HeLa cells.

Flotillin-binding protein networks serve as scaffolds, organizing lipid rafts and facilitating the recruitment of other raft-associated proteins such as receptors and downstream signaling molecules to regulate various intracellular pathways, including those involved in cell proliferation, migration, and endocytosis. Flotillins belong to the SPFH (stomatin/prohibitin/flotillin/HflK/C) domain-containing protein family, also known as the prohibitin homology (PHB) domain, which enables membrane association via acylation and hydrophobic hairpin motifs that anchor them to the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane. The functional diversity of flotillin proteins within membrane microdomains primarily stems from their interactions with other proteins.

Transcriptomic changes associated with infection of Nicotiana benthamiana plants with tomato ringspot virus (genus Nepovirus) during the acute symptomatic stage and after symptom recovery.

We have characterized the transcriptome of Nicotiana benthamiana plants infected with tomato ringspot virus (ToRSV), a nepovirus. We analyzed two different stages of infection: the acute systemic symptomatic stage and the symptom recovery stage in which young leaves emerge without visible symptoms. In agreement with previous observations, we note a similar concentration of viral RNAs in symptomatic and recovered leaves.

The avermectin, emamectin benzoate, kills gram-positive bacteria and targets the cell envelope of .

The avermectin family of anthelmintics is largely considered to lack antibacterial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Here, we screened six avermectins (ivermectin, eprinomectin, doramectin, abamectin, selamectin, and emamectin benzoate) and a structurally related milbemycin (moxidectin) for antibacterial activity against a panel of representative gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. We report that emamectin benzoate exhibited activity against several species of gram-positive bacteria, whereas selamectin was active against and .

Structural characterization of a neutral heteropolysaccharide from Pholidota chinensis Lindl. and its protective effects against intestinal inflammation via barrier enhancement and gut microbiota modulation.

The polysaccharides extracted from Pholidota chinensis Lindl. was first identified as P. chinensis Lindl.

Alternatives to antibiotics for sustainable livestock production in the context of the One Health approach: tackling a common foe.

The discovery of the growth promoting effects of antibiotics in the 1940s contributed to the economic efficacy of the livestock industry. In response to increased animal protein demand from the 1950s, antimicrobial use at sub-therapeutic levels for growth promotion and disease prevention (antimicrobial growth promoter, AGP) improved feed-to-weight ratio, meat quality and overall health of livestock. These benefits encouraged the heavy use of AGPs such that about 70% of global use of antimicrobials was for food animals.

Hurt, loss, joy, and forgiveness: Foster care-experienced young adults' relationships with their birth parents.

Objective: This article explores young adults' relationships with their birth parents following separation from their parents during childhood due to placement in foster care.

Background: Parent-child relationships often change through childhood, adolescence, and into adulthood, from dependency toward more independence and then mutuality, with much variation. Less is known about these relationships for young adults who spent some of their childhood in foster care.

Evaluation of a Classifier Based on Calprotectin Concentration and Advanced Glycation End-Product Receptor as a Potential Biomarker for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm.

Calprotectin is a calcium-binding protein involved in inflammatory processes. In the context of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), elevated levels of calprotectin may indicate immune system activation and chronic inflammation, which are among the mechanisms contributing to the development and progression of AAA. The receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) is a receptor that binds various ligands, including advanced glycation end-products formed during the glycation of proteins and lipids under oxidative stress conditions.

Transcriptomic Analysis of Iron Transport mutants Reveals Serovar-Specific Adaptations in Salmonella enterica.

Iron is an essential mineral for almost all pathogenic bacteria including Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and Enteritidis. We have investigated the effect of the deletion of iroN, fepA and fhu genes on the transcriptomic profiles of S. Typhimurium and S.

Antiviral RNA interference in plants: increasing complexity and intertwining with other biological processes.

RNA interference (RNAi, also known as RNA silencing) is one of the most important plant defense responses to combat viral invasions. Although the major components of the RNAi pathway, the steps leading to viral small interference RNA (siRNA) biogenesis, and the strategies of viral counter-defense via RNAi suppressors have been well studied, the broader roles of RNAi in virus infection and seed transmission remain less thoroughly reviewed. In particular, the increasing complexity of RNAi-associated mechanisms and their integration with other biological processes have not been comprehensively summarized.

Liquid-Phase Synthesis of Monodispersed V Faradic Electrode Toward High-Performance Supercapacitor Application.

Layered intercalating VO (vanadium pentoxide) is a durable battery-type electrode material exploited in supercapacitors. The advancement of VO nanomaterials synthesized from non-aqueous organic solvents holds significant potential for energy storage applications. Liquid-phase synthesis of orthorhombic VO cathode material corroborated its compatibility with quartet glycols and allowed examination of their explicit roles in faradic charge storage efficacy.

Untargeted metabolomic genome-wide association study reveals genetic and biochemical insights into polyphenols of apple fruit.

Apple () is one of the most popular fruits grown and consumed worldwide, contributing to human health with significant amounts of polyphenols and other bioactive compounds, and providing positive impacts to the economy and society. Understanding the diversity and inheritance of health-active compounds in apple can provide novel selection criteria for future breeding and cultivar development, as consumers increasingly prioritize the health benefits of their food choices. We therefore conducted an untargeted metabolomic analysis using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) to investigate thousands of semipolar chemicals, mainly phenolic compounds, in 439 diverse apple accessions, and quantified 2066 features in positive ion mode.

Subspecific variation in gut microbiota of North American bison in a sympatric setting reveals differentially abundant taxa.

Unlabelled: Gut microbiomes play critical roles in host-environment interactions, reflecting habitat and foraging niches. North American bison () subspecies—plains bison () and wood bison ()—exhibit limited genetic variation from historic population bottleneck events, potentially undermining their evolutionary potential. Understanding variation in gut microbiota composition between subspecies may shed light on genetic, phenotypic, and ecological divergence relevant to their adaptive capacities.

Apoptosis-Inducing Effect of Cytocompatible Poly(Acrylic Acid)-Coated Temperature-Sensitive MnZnFeO Magnetic Fluid on Breast Cancer Cells MCF-7.

Cancer remains a challenging disease to treat due to the limitations of conventional therapies, including toxicity to healthy cells and drug resistance. This underscores the need for alternative treatment modalities to target tumors more effectively while minimizing side effects. Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have emerged as promising agents in the realm of cancer therapy, particularly through magnetic fluid hyperthermia (MFH), which employs MNPs to generate localized heat in tumor tissues using an alternating magnetic field (AMF), while sparing healthy cells.

Organic materials input promotes the soil aggregate sequestration through changing soil aggregates structure and stability.

The strategic application of organic amendments presents a transformative approach for enhancing agroecosystem sustainability by modulating soil hydrostructural dynamics and carbon sequestration. However, changes in soil moisture, nutrients, aggregate stability, and SOC sequestration under different organic materials type input in farmland of arid northwest China remain uncertain. In this study, an experiment with five treatments (CK: control, LB: smashed leaves and branches, CS: smashed corn stalks, HV: green fertilizer, MS: waste mushroom bran) input applied into the soil.