Shake-Down Spectroscopy as State- and Site-Specific Probe of Ultrafast Chemical Dynamics.

Tracking the multifarious ultrafast electronic and structural changes occurring in a molecule during a photochemical transformation is a challenging endeavor that benefits from recent experimental and computational progress in time-resolved techniques. Measurements of valence electronic states, which provide a global picture of the bonding structure of the molecule, and core electronic states, which provide insight into the local environment, traditionally require different approaches and are often studied separately. Here, we demonstrate that X-ray pulses from a seeded free-electron laser (FEL) enable the measurement of high-resolution, time-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) that capture weak satellite states resulting from shake-down processes in a valence-excited molecule.

Molecular Footprints of Quaternary Climate Fluctuations in the Circumpolar Tundra Shrub Dwarf Birch.

The Arctic tundra biome is undergoing rapid shrub expansion ('shrubification') in response to anthropogenic climate change. During the previous ~2.6 million years, glacial cycles caused substantial shifts in Arctic vegetation, leading to changes in species' distributions, abundance and connectivity, which have left lasting impacts on the genetic structure of modern populations.

Can Large Language Models Simulate Spoken Human Conversations?

Large language models (LLMs) can emulate many aspects of human cognition and have been heralded as a potential paradigm shift. They are proficient in chat-based conversation, but little is known about their ability to simulate spoken conversation. We investigated whether LLMs can simulate spoken human conversation.

Impacts of Climate Change Interventions on Biodiversity, Water, the Food System and Human Health and Well-Being.

Climate change threatens biodiversity, water, food and human health and well-being. Rapid, sustained mitigation and adaptation actions can benefit all these elements of the nexus. Key transitions in energy, land and marine ecosystems, urban areas, industry and society are essential for climate change mitigation, adaptation and sustainable development.

Mapping DWI signal reversal and long-term tissue outcomes following endovascular therapy in acute ischemic stroke.

Objectives: Diffusion-weighted imaging lesion reversal (DWI-R) is commonly observed on MRI after treatment for acute ischemic stroke. However, its extent across different brain regions post-endovascular therapy (EVT) and its long-term tissue-specific consequences are inadequately described in the literature. This study evaluated DWI-R across brain regions and tissue types and assessed long-term changes after 1 month.

Ticagrelor and Aspirin or Aspirin Alone after Coronary Surgery for Acute Coronary Syndrome.

Background: Patients benefit from antiplatelet therapy after coronary-artery bypass grafting (CABG) for an acute coronary syndrome. Whether the addition of ticagrelor to aspirin, as compared with aspirin alone, further reduces the risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes is unclear.

Methods: In this open-label, registry-based, clinical trial conducted at 22 Nordic cardiothoracic surgery centers, we randomly assigned patients in a 1:1 ratio to receive either ticagrelor plus aspirin or aspirin alone for 1 year after CABG for an acute coronary syndrome.

Beta-Blockers after Myocardial Infarction in Patients without Heart Failure.

Background: The evidence supporting beta-blocker therapy after myocardial infarction was established before the introduction of modern coronary reperfusion therapy and secondary prevention strategies.

Methods: In an open-label, randomized trial with blinded end-point evaluation, conducted in Denmark and Norway, we assigned patients who had had a myocardial infarction and who had a left ventricular ejection fraction of at least 40%, in a 1:1 ratio, to receive long-term beta-blocker therapy within 14 days after the event or no beta-blocker therapy. The primary end point was a composite of death from any cause or major adverse cardiovascular events (new myocardial infarction, unplanned coronary revascularization, ischemic stroke, heart failure, or malignant ventricular arrhythmias).

Paternal exposure to antiseizure medications and offspring outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.

Introduction: To assess the risk of adverse offspring outcomes related to paternal antiseizure treatment during conception.

Methods: We identified studies of offspring outcomes for fathers with vs. without antiseizure medication(s) during conception in Embase/Medline in 01/2025.

Internet-Based Cognitive Assessments During Remission in Bipolar Disorder: Subjective Cognitive Function and Clinical Severity.

Introduction: Cognitive impairment is well-established in bipolar disorder and significantly impacts daily functioning. However, the relationship between self-evaluated cognitive functions and objective cognitive tests is inconsistent. This heterogeneity in cognitive function necessitates flexible and accessible testing methods.

Integrated GIS-AHP based assessment of earthquake vulnerability and risk for urban residential buildings in Muscat, Sultanate of Oman.

This study presents a cutting-edge framework for assessing earthquake vulnerability and risk in residential areas of Al-Seeb, Muscat Governorate (Sultanate of Oman). Drawing upon a rich dataset encompassing seismic, geotechnical, structural, environmental, and socioeconomic parameters, thematic vulnerability maps were developed using a GIS-based analytic hierarchy process (GIS-AHP). These were systematically integrated to produce comprehensive risk matrices.

Controlling Listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat salmon products using bioprotective cultures of lactic acid bacteria: What hinders the transition from research to industrial application?

Listeria monocytogenes represents a persisting food safety challenge for ready-to-eat (RTE) salmon products, including fresh and mildly processed products such as cold smoked salmon (CSS) or gravlax, urging the need for novel preservation strategies. One promising solution is biopreservation, applying protective cultures of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) or their metabolites as a natural antilisterial agent. Carnobacterium, Leuconostoc and Latilactobacillus are among a variety of LAB naturally present in salmon products.

Incident gabapentin prescribing associated with opioid and benzodiazepine/Z-drug prescribing - a population-based longitudinal study in primary care.

Aim: To investigate the association between long-term prescribing of opioids, benzodiazepines and Z-drugs, and the incidence of gabapentin prescribing.

Methods: From January 2009 to December 2012, 219,800 patients contacted primary healthcare centres in the Reykjavik metropolitan area. Of these, 94,840 patients aged 10-69 years, met the inclusion criteria.

Are endodontic nickel-titanium instruments indefectible? A fractographic analysis of a compound core manufacturing defect.

The aim of this study is to present a compound core manufacturing defect identified in a nickel-titanium (NiTi) instrument via fractographic analysis during additional retrospective analysis after dynamic cyclic fatigue resistance testing. This study raises awareness of core manufacturing defects and fosters the development of high-quality NiTi instruments without defects for clinical application. A scanning electron microscope with an acceleration voltage of 5 kV was used for fractographic analysis after cyclic fatigue testing.

Sacubitril-Valsartan and Prevention of Cardiac Dysfunction During Adjuvant Breast Cancer Therapy: The PRADA II Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background: Anthracycline- and trastuzumab-associated cardiotoxicity may lead to cardiac dysfunction and dose reduction or halt in potentially life-saving adjuvant cancer therapy. Whether angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitors can prevent cancer therapy-related cardiac dysfunction and injury remains to be established.

Methods: PRADA II was a randomized, parallel-group, placebo-controlled, double-blind multicenter trial conducted at 4 academic medical centers in Norway that evaluated the cardioprotective effect of sacubitril-valsartan vs.

An index of multiple deprivation in Sweden: measuring area-level socio-economic inequalities.

Area-level measures of deprivation in Sweden often rely on limited socio-economic indicators, such as income or education. To address this, we developed the Index of Multiple Deprivation in Sweden (IMDIS) to capture a multitude of explanatory factors for socio-economic inequalities and the distribution across small areas in Sweden. The IMDIS is a compositional index constructed for small areas in Sweden in 2015 and combines 15 indicators across 4 domains (Housing, Employment, Income and Capital, and Education) into an overall deprivation score.

A Comprehensive Theory for Relativistic Polaritonic Chemistry: A Four-Component Ab Initio Treatment of Molecular Systems Coupled to Quantum Fields.

We present an ab initio approach to study molecules containing heavy atoms strongly interacting with quantum fields in optical devices. The theory has been derived from relativistic quantum electrodynamics (QED), introducing the approximations needed to provide a formalism suitable for relativistic quantum chemistry. This framework represents the ideal starting point to extend the main quantum chemistry methods to relativistic polaritonic.

Altered amyloid plasma profile in patients with disabling headaches after SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination.

Background And Objectives: Persistent headache has emerged as a symptom following acute COVID-19 and, to a lesser extent, after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. However, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study aimed to evaluate plasma levels of amyloid-related biomarkers in patients experiencing persistent headaches after COVID-19 or SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.

Prevalence of Anti- Antibodies in a Cohort of Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Norway.

This study assessed the seroprevalence of anti- antibodies in Norwegian patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), specifically ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), compared with healthy controls. Associations between anti- antibody positivity and clinical or laboratory parameters in IBD were also explored. A total of 86 UC patients, 68 CD patients, and 41 healthy controls were prospectively enrolled from four Norwegian hospitals (2013-2022).

Effectiveness of Feed-Based Monovalent Vaccine in Farmed Carp.

() is responsible for causing abdominal dropsy, swimming abnormalities, skin ulcerations, and pale gills in fish. Vaccination is an essential strategy for disease prevention in aquaculture. This study evaluated the efficacy of an oral vaccine against in ().

Prevalence of Hearing Impairment in Saudi Arabia: Pathways to Early Diagnosis, Intervention, and National Policy.

Background: Hearing impairment is a significant public health issue globally, yet national data for Saudi Arabia remain sparse.

Methods: Using data from the 2017 Disability Survey, we analysed 12 hearing-related indicators across 13 administrative regions. Descriptive statistics, logistic regression, cluster analysis, and residual mapping were applied to identify socio-demographic disparities and service gaps.

The Link Between Mate Value Discrepancy and Relationship Satisfaction-An Empirical Examination Using Response Surface Analysis.

Existing studies on mate value discrepancy and relationship satisfaction often suffer from two key limitations: they conceptualize mate value as a single, undifferentiated construct and rely on simple difference scores to model discrepancy effects. The present study addresses these issues by examining the relationship between mate value discrepancy and relationship satisfaction using a multidimensional operationalization of mate value and applying response surface analysis. Data were collected in 2016 in Norway via a web-based survey administered by a market research company, with a sample stratified across the country's 19 counties.

Effects of a Multidisciplinary Intervention on Fatigue in Lymphoma Survivors With Chronic Fatigue: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial (REFUEL).

Background: Chronic fatigue (CF) is a highly disabling late effect after cancer, affecting 25% to 40% of lymphoma survivors years after cancer treatment. There is a lack of randomized controlled trials testing interventions to reduce fatigue levels among survivors with CF.

Objective: The primary aim of the Randomized Controlled Trial in Chronically Fatigued Lymphoma Survivors (REFUEL) is to examine the effects of a multidisciplinary intervention on the level of fatigue among lymphoma survivors with CF before and immediately after the intervention (3 months after randomization).

Number order in addition affects cognitive effort: evidence from mental arithmetic tasks.

In this study, our aim was to find out how order of numbers in the arithmetic operation of addition affects cognitive effort of mental processing. We presented two sets of addition questions ( + ) to a group of participants. In one set of questions, the first number of each item was larger than the second number (a > ).

Incidence of dementia among individuals 70 years and older in Norway: A HUNT study.

BackgroundWith increasing population longevity, Alzheimer's disease and dementia have become a health priority, and high-quality incidence estimates are needed.ObjectiveTo provide reliable and precise incidence estimates of dementia applying a population-based sample of individuals aged 70+.MethodsA longitudinal cohort design was used, with baseline assessment in the Norwegian HUNT4 70+ study (2017-19) and at follow-up four years later (2021-23).