Education and cardiovascular disease: a within-family Mendelian randomization analysis.

Background: Observational studies have consistently found educational inequalities in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses have suggested a direct causal effect of education; however, estimates may be biased by demography or dynastic effects. This study aimed to estimate the effects of educational attainment on CVD risk and serum lipid concentrations before and after accounting for family structure.

Sacubitril-Valsartan and Prevention of Cardiac Dysfunction During Adjuvant Breast Cancer Therapy: The PRADA II Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background: Anthracycline- and trastuzumab-associated cardiotoxicity may lead to cardiac dysfunction and dose reduction or halt in potentially life-saving adjuvant cancer therapy. Whether angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitors can prevent cancer therapy-related cardiac dysfunction and injury remains to be established.

Methods: PRADA II was a randomized, parallel-group, placebo-controlled, double-blind multicenter trial conducted at 4 academic medical centers in Norway that evaluated the cardioprotective effect of sacubitril-valsartan vs.

Incidence of dementia among individuals 70 years and older in Norway: A HUNT study.

BackgroundWith increasing population longevity, Alzheimer's disease and dementia have become a health priority, and high-quality incidence estimates are needed.ObjectiveTo provide reliable and precise incidence estimates of dementia applying a population-based sample of individuals aged 70+.MethodsA longitudinal cohort design was used, with baseline assessment in the Norwegian HUNT4 70+ study (2017-19) and at follow-up four years later (2021-23).

Psychological factors beyond the SMART2 model for predicting recurrent events in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease patients.

Background: Guidelines recommend using cardiovascular (CV) risk prediction models to support treatment decisions. Psychological factors such as depression, anxiety, and insomnia may affect CV risk.

Aim: Evaluating the added value of psychological factors on top of the SMART2 model for estimating 10-year risk of recurrent CV events in patients with atherosclerotic CV disease.

Exploring gender influence on adolescent awareness and perspectives regarding social, economic and environmental sustainability.

Background: This study investigates gender differences in sustainability awareness among adolescents, focusing on how these differences may influence education for sustainable development (SD). Based on an analysis of existing literature, which presents varied perspectives on the impact of gender on sustainability awareness, this work seeks to address a significant gap in the current knowledge.

Methods: A cross-sectional quantitative study was carried out on adolescents in the province of Alicante (Spain) through the completion of the SCQ-S questionnaire in the period from March 2022 to May 2023.

Students' motivation, study-effort and perceptions of teachers' goals when engaging in a learning design within the flipped classroom.

Background: A bachelor's degree in nursing at a large university in Norway has designed and developed a specific learning design within a flipped classroom to engage and motivate nursing students in their learning of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), facilitating progression throughout the three academic years of the nursing program. This comprehensive learning design is perceived as a cohesive unit and consists of two pre-class activities and two in-class activities. The four learning activities are multiple choice questions (MCQ), skills training with Resuscitation Quality Improvement (RQI), team-based learning (TBL) and simulation.

Lysophosphatidic acid selectively modulates excitatory transmission in hippocampal neurons.

Background: Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a bioactive phospholipid that affects hippocampal excitatory synaptic transmission.

Results: Here we provide in vitro evidence that LPA elicits intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca]) transients by LPA receptor activation in primary cultured hippocampal mouse neurons. Downstream and via G-coupling, this led to phospholipase C (PLC) activation, inositol (1,4,5) trisphosphate (IP)-induced Ca release (IICR) and voltage gated Ca channel activation.

The polygenic architecture of hidradenitis suppurativa reveals signaling mechanisms that implicate epithelial remodeling.

We sought to identify clinically relevant regulators of hair follicle inflammation by conducting a human genetic study of hidradenitis suppurativa (HS), a prevalent, understudied, inflammatory disease with limited effective treatments. We performed a GWAS with 6,300 cases and identified 12 independent risk loci. Epigenetic and transcriptomic analyses of HS risk variants defined cell-specific gene regulatory programs.

Pharmacokinetics of subcutaneous and intravenous bolus doses of morphine in palliative care cancer patients receiving infusion of morphine: A pharmacokinetic substudy of a randomized controlled trial.

Aims: To compare the pharmacokinetics of intravenous (IV) and subcutaneous (SC) morphine bolus doses in palliative care patients receiving patient-controlled analgesia.

Methods: This pharmacokinetic substudy of a double-blinded, randomized controlled trial included 20 patients with advanced cancer requiring morphine infusion. After 20-48 h of patient-controlled analgesia, a baseline blood sample was drawn before bolus administration, followed by 16 samples over 2 h.

A comparison of inflammatory markers' potential to predict weight loss in advanced cancer: a prospective observational study.

Background: Systemic inflammation is crucial in cancer cachexia, but the optimal measurement method remains unclear. This study compares markers of systemic inflammation (MoSI) in predicting weight loss in patients with metastatic cancer.

Methods: This prospective, observational multi-center study involved patients undergoing radiotherapy for bone metastases.

What is the evidence for the impacts of airborne anthropogenic noise on wildlife? A systematic map update.

Background: Noise from human activities is a major concern for wildlife, with numerous studies demonstrating significant impacts. In 2020, Sordello and collaborators systematically mapped the literature on the impacts of anthropogenic noise on wildlife up to 2018. Since then, research on this topic has continued to grow steadily.

Domain-Wall Driven Suppression of Thermal Conductivity in a Ferroelectric Polycrystal.

A common strategy for reducing the thermal conductivity of polycrystalline systems is to increase the number of grain boundaries. Indeed, grain boundaries enhance the probability of phonon scattering events, which has been applied to control the thermal transport in a wide range of materials, including hard metals, diamond, oxides, and two-dimensional (2D) systems such as graphene. Here, the opposite behavior in improper ferroelectric ErMnO polycrystals is reported, where the thermal conductivity decreases with increasing grain size.

DNA methylation in normal-appearing tissue associated with prostate cancer recurrence and metastasis.

There is a need for more precise biomarkers and understanding on the development of aggressive prostate cancer. In this study, we analyzed DNA methylation in 64 prostate cancer tissue samples, using tissue from radical prostatectomy patients (n = 16) with up to 16 years of clinical follow-up. We used several samples from each patient including both normal and cancer tissue to study DNA methylation patterns in relation to aggressiveness measured by follow-up data of biochemical recurrence and metastasis status as clinical endpoints.

The Replication Database: Documenting the Replicability of Psychological Science.

In psychological science, replicability-repeating a study with a new sample achieving consistent results (Parsons et al., 2022)-is critical for affirming the validity of scientific findings. Despite its importance, replication efforts are few and far between in psychological science with many attempts failing to corroborate past findings.

Genome-wide association meta-regression identifies stem cell lineage orchestration as a key driver of acne risk.

Over 85% of the population experience acne at some point in their lives, with its severity spanning a quantitative spectrum, from mild, transient outbreaks to more persistent, severe forms of the condition. Moderate to severe disease poses a substantial global burden arising from both the physical and psychological impacts of this highly visible condition. The analytical approach taken in this study aimed to address the impact of variation in the dichotomisation of acne case control status, driven by ascertainment and study design, on effect size estimates across independent genetic association studies of acne.

Using pseudotime derivative on single-cell RNA sequencing data to identify genes undergoing cell cycle regulation.

Motivation: The cell cycle is a critical part of cellular life, one that has long been studied, both directly, and through its regulatory components. Commonly, cell cycle synchronization or selection experiments are performed in order to study the cell cycle, thus chemically modifying the cells, or selecting them for specific phases. We seek to develop a means to study the cell cycle through the use of single cell RNA sequencing, effectively circumventing the need for such experiments.

Model-based engineering of Bacillus methanolicus towards de novo polyamine bioproduction from methanol.

This study explores the one-carbon feedstock methanol to bolster sustainable bioproduction of valuable polyamines. Bacillus methanolicus MGA3, a methylotroph, stands out as a promising host due to its aptitude for employing methanol to synthesize various chemicals. Our approach used flux balance analysis (FBA) to leverage native B.

Validation of a Mobile Health Device for Neonatal Jaundice Screening: A Cross-Sectional Study in a Resource-Limited Setting in Mexico.

Objective: To evaluate the performance of Picterus Jaundice Pro (Picterus JP), a mobile health device for neonatal jaundice (NNJ) screening, in Mexican newborns.

Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2023 to June 2024 at a hospital in a resource-limited setting in Mexico. The main outcomes were Picterus JP measurements and total serum bilirubin (TSB) levels.

External validation of the Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation 2 (SCORE2) and SCORE2-Older Persons in cancer patients.

Background: The 2022 ESC Cardio-oncology guidelines recommend cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk stratification for cancer patients and suggest using SCORE2 and SCORE2-OP. However, these models have not been validated or specifically adapted for cancer populations.

Aim: Refinement of SCORE2 and SCORE2-OP models to accurately predict 10-year fatal and non-fatal CVD risk in cancer patients.

Associations of adolescent mental health and parental education with healthcare use: a cohort study based on data from the Young-HUNT study, Norway.

Background: Adolescent mental health problems and mental health help-seeking have increased in the later decades. We aimed to assess to which extent adolescents with high mental health symptom loads received help in general practice or specialist mental health services, and whether parental education influenced the association.

Methods: This cohort study included 7554 Norwegian adolescents who participated in the population-based Young-HUNT4 Survey (2017-2019).

The Swiss Army Knife of Alginate Metabolism: Mechanistic Analysis of a Mixed-Function Polysaccharide Lyase/Epimerase of the Human Gut Microbiota.

The alginate-degrading enzyme PL38 of the human gut bacterium CP926 degrades all three polysaccharide structures found in alginate, a major constituent of brown macroalgae, making it a valuable tool for the selective production of alginate oligosaccharides with industrial and biotechnological potential. Despite its abundance, alginate's heterogeneous composition limits its full utilization. Modification by epimerases and lyases can help to overcome this limitation, but typically requires distinct enzymes for each polysaccharide structure.