Adverse pregnancy outcomes and risk of atrial fibrillation: findings from the HUNT study.

Background: Despite well-studied associations between hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) and atrial fibrillation (AF), the mechanisms of the excess risk of AF in women with history of HDP are not fully understood. Furthermore, little is known about associations between other adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs) and AF, including preterm birth, small/large-for-gestational age (SGA/LGA) offspring.

Methods: By linking the population-based HUNT study with the Medical Birth Registry of Norway (MBRN) and electronic patient administrative systems, 15,104 women ≥45 years with 34,674 births were followed and assessed for validated AF for a median of 12.

Experiences With an Intervention Based on Geriatric Assessment With Management: A Qualitative Study.

Aims: To describe: (i) Experiences of older patients with cancer after receiving an intervention based on geriatric assessment with management. (ii) Experiences of cancer nurses in municipal health care from implementing an intervention based on geriatric assessment with management and their perspectives on the intervention.

Design: A qualitative, descriptive interview study reported according to COREQ.

Association between socioeconomic position and lung cancer incidence in 16 countries: a prospective cohort consortium study.

Background: Studies have reported higher lung cancer incidence among groups with lower socioeconomic position (SEP). However, it is not known how this difference in lung cancer incidence between SEP groups varies across different geographical settings. Furthermore, most prior studies that assessed the association between SEP and lung cancer incidence were conducted without detailed adjustment for smoking.

Impact of Insufficient or Excessive Sleep Duration on Cognitive Function After Stroke: The Norwegian Cognitive Impairment After Stroke Study.

Background: The impact of sleep duration on cognition, particularly in the context of poststroke cognitive impairment, is not fully understood. Therefore, our objective was to investigate how sleep duration after stroke predicts poststroke cognitive impairment.

Methods And Results: Patients admitted with acute stroke between 2015 and 2017 were consecutively recruited to the Nor-COAST (Norwegian Cognitive Impairment After Stroke) study and invited to follow-up assessments at 3 and 18 months.

Dorsal-Caudal and Ventral Hippocampi Target Different Cell Populations in the Medial Frontal Cortex in Rodents.

Direct projections from the ventral hippocampus (vHPC) to the medial frontal cortex (MFC) play crucial roles in memory and emotional regulation. Using anterograde transsynaptic tracing and ex vivo electrophysiology in male mice, we document a previously unexplored pathway that parallels the established vHPC-MFC connectivity. This pathway connects the dorsal-caudal hippocampus (dcHPC) to specific subregions of the ventral MFC (vMFC), in particular the dorsal peduncular cortex.

Human-specific evolutionary genetic loss of addition of a single oxygen atom from sialic acids increases hydrophobicity of cells and proteins.

Humans, unlike all old world primates studied to date, lack N-glycolyl neuraminic acid (Neu5Gc: Gc) due to the evolutionary genomic loss of CMP-N-acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase (CMAH), leading to accumulation of the N-acetyl neuraminic acid (Neu5Ac: Ac). Given the high sialic acid density on cell surfaces, we hypothesized that the ratio of Ac/Gc could influence hydrophobicity. Herein, we employed surface wetting experiments and atomic force microscopy (AFM) to investigate the hydrophobicity of Neu5Ac and Neu5Gc at the surface, protein, and cellular levels.

Prediction of new-onset migraine using clinical-genotypic data from the HUNT Study: a machine learning analysis.

Background: Migraine is associated with a range of symptoms and comorbid disorders and has a strong genetic basis, but the currently identified risk loci only explain a small portion of the heritability, often termed the "missing heritability". We aimed to investigate if machine learning could exploit the combination of genetic data and general clinical features to identify individuals at risk for new-onset migraine.

Method: This study was a population-based cohort study of adults from the second and third Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT2 and HUNT3).

Immobilization of alginate C-5 epimerases using spore display.

Unlabelled: Alginates are the most abundant polysaccharides found in brown seaweed, composed of (1→4)-linked β-D-mannuronate (M) and its C-5 epimer, α-L-guluronate (G). The G-blocks of alginate possess viscosifying and gelling properties, making alginates valuable industrial polysaccharides. Alginate epimerases are enzymes epimerizing M to G, enhancing the usability and value of alginate.

Exploring Physicians' Dual Perspectives on the Transition From Free Text to Structured and Standardized Documentation Practices: Interview and Participant Observational Study.

Background: Clinical documentation plays a crucial role in providing and coordinating care. Despite the widespread adoption of electronic health record (EHR) systems, many end users still document clinical data in a manner similar to traditional paper-based records. To fully leverage the benefits of EHR systems, it is necessary to adopt new documentation approaches that facilitate easy access to information at the point of care and seamless exchange of information across health care facilities.

Unraveling the molecular mechanism of polysaccharide lyases for efficient alginate degradation.

Alginate lyases (ALs) catalyze the depolymerization of brown macroalgae alginates, widely used naturally occurring polysaccharides. Their molecular reaction mechanism remains elusive due to the lack of catalytically competent Michaelis-Menten-like complex structures. Here, we provide structural snapshots and dissect the mechanism of mannuronan-specific ALs from family 7 polysaccharide lyases (PL7), employing time-resolved NMR, X-ray, neutron crystallography, and QM/MM simulations.

Changes in family and school environment during the Covid-19 pandemic and their relationship with changes in psychological distress and loneliness among Norwegian adolescents: The HUNT study.

In this follow-up study, we investigated how levels of psychological distress, loneliness, family cohesion, teacher support, and peer support changed from before to during the Covid-19 pandemic among Norwegian adolescents (ages 13-19), and whether these changes were predicted by parental education. Additionally, we investigated whether changes in family cohesion, teacher support, and peer support were associated with changes in psychological distress and loneliness, and whether these change-to-change associations were moderated by parental education. Data from the Young-HUNT4 (2017-2019, T1) and Young-HUNT COVID (May-June 2021, T2) surveys were used, in which 1565 adolescents participated in both (response rate = 45%).

Can circulating microRNAs predict colorectal cancer? Results from a nested case-control study of pre-diagnostic serum samples from two prospective biobanks.

Background: This study aimed to investigate the potential of circulating small RNAs (sRNAs) as predictive biomarkers for future colorectal cancer (CRC). The study analyzed serum samples from pre-diagnostic CRC patients in two prospective biobanks.

Methods: Serum samples from 142 pre-diagnostic CRC patients, from the Finnish Maternity Cohort (FMC) and The HUNT Study (HUNT2), were subjected to small RNA sequencing.

Oncological and Survival Endpoints in Cancer Cachexia Clinical Trials: Systematic Review 6 of the Cachexia Endpoints Series.

Background: In patients receiving anti-cancer treatment, cachexia results in poorer oncological outcomes. However, there is limited understanding and no systematic review of oncological endpoints in cancer cachexia (CC) trials. This review examines oncological endpoints in CC clinical trials.

Fetal-like reversion in the regenerating intestine is regulated by mesenchymal asporin.

Mesenchymal cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM) support epithelium during homeostasis and regeneration. However, the role of the mesenchyme in epithelial conversion into a fetal-like regenerative state after damage is not known. We modeled epithelial regeneration by culturing intestinal epithelium on decellularized small intestinal scaffolds (iECM) and identify asporin (Aspn), an ECM-bound proteoglycan, as a critical mediator of epithelial fetal-like reprogramming.

GWAS meta-analysis of psoriasis identifies new susceptibility alleles impacting disease mechanisms and therapeutic targets.

Psoriasis is a common, debilitating immune-mediated skin disease. Genetic studies have identified biological mechanisms of psoriasis risk, including those targeted by effective therapies. However, the genetic liability to psoriasis is not fully explained by variation at robustly identified risk loci.

Falling rates but projected rising numbers of fractures in elderly Norwegians: a study of fracture rates in the Norwegian patient registry from 2010 to 2021, extrapolated to 2041.

Purpose: Our aim was to calculate rates of major fractures by fracture location in elderly Norwegians over the years 2010 to 2021 and thereby estimate the volume of fractures in this population by 2041.

Methods: We identified fractures in persons aged 65 years and over from the Norwegian Patient Registry. We summarized age- and sex-specific numbers of fractures and incidence rates by fracture location.

Strain Engineering of Magnetic Anisotropy in the Kagome Magnet FeSn.

The ability to control magnetism with strain offers innovative pathways for the modulation of magnetic domain configurations and for the manipulation of magnetic states in materials on the nanoscale. Although the effect of strain on magnetic domains has been recognized since the early work of C. Kittel, detailed local observations have been elusive.

An isofagomine analogue with an amidine group in the 1,6-position.

The synthesis of an isofagomine analogue with an amidine group in the 1,6-position is described. Density functional theory calculations showed that this compound has a remarkably different charge distribution compared with isofagomine. This may explain why the amidine is a poor glycosidase inhibitor (IC > 50 µM against all tested enzymes) compared with isofagomine.

Patchy Charge Distribution Affects the pH in Protein Solutions during Dialysis.

When using dialysis ultra- or diafiltration to purify protein solutions, a dialysis buffer in the permeate is employed to set the pH in the protein solution. Failure to achieve the target pH may cause undesired precipitation of the valuable product. However, the pH in the permeate differs from that in the retentate, which contains the proteins.

Exploring the role of dimensionality transformation in episodic memory.

Episodic memory must accomplish two adversarial goals: encoding and storing a multitude of experiences without exceeding the finite neuronal structure of the brain, and recalling memories in vivid detail. Dimensionality reduction and expansion ('dimensionality transformation') enable the brain to meet these demands. Reduction compresses sensory input into simplified, storable codes, while expansion reconstructs vivid details.

Gastroenterology Training and Career in Women: Challenges and Opportunities.

This review highlights gender gaps in training, career, and work-life balance in gastroenterology. Stereotypes and biases toward women's abilities and commitment to their careers can influence evaluations, advancement in gastroenterology training, and career progression. The findings indicate that lack of or limited access to mentorship and sponsorship, as well as support networks, can hinder the professional development of women.

Trends in Snapshot Spectral Imaging: Systems, Processing, and Quality.

Recent advances in spectral imaging have enabled snapshot acquisition, as a means to mitigate the impracticalities of spectral imaging, e.g., expert operators and cumbersome hardware.

Precision of computer tomography based RSA on femoral implants in total knee arthroplasty: A porcine cadaver study.

Background: Radiostereometric analysis is the gold standard for assessing migration of orthopaedic implants. The novel CT-based radiostereometric analysis yields high precision of evaluation of tibial implants. We analyzed the precision of CT-based radiostereometric analysis on femoral implants in knee arthroplasty at different dose levels, and compared it to previously published results on tibial implants and the available literature on precision of radiostereometric analysis.

"It's a good idea, but…": a qualitative evaluation of the GoldiCare intervention in Norwegian home care services.

Background: Addressing high levels of physical strain among Norwegian home care workers is crucial if home care services are to continue to provide cost-effective and high-quality health care for people in their homes. Excessive physical demands may contribute to poor long-term musculoskeletal health and high sick leave rates among home care workers. Based on the Goldilocks Work Principle of redistributing an uneven distribution of physical demands to promote a working environment with a "just right" physical demands conducive to promoting long-term health, the GoldiCare intervention in home care services was conducted.