The Influence of Social Vulnerability and Race on Diabetes Control.

Context: Social determinants of health (SDoH) and race are both well-established factors that influence diabetes outcomes. However, less is understood about how social vulnerability (SV) and race intersect to impact diabetes control.

Objective: To examine the additive impact of SV and race on diabetes control.

Advanced Glycation End-Product Carboxymethyl-Lysine and Incident Heart Failure and Atrial Fibrillation in Older Adults.

Background: Advanced glycation end-products result from chemical modification of proteins under conditions of hyperglycemia or oxidative stress common with advancing age. Advanced glycation end-product (AGE) formation alters vascular and cardiac structure and function, yet the prospective associations of circulating AGEs with heart failure (HF) and atrial fibrillation (AF) have not been studied.

Methods: We evaluated the associations of serum N-carboxymethyl-lysine (CML), a major AGE in tissue proteins, and incident HF and AF in the CHS (Cardiovascular Health Study), a population-based cohort of older adults.

Comparison of Short- and Long-Term Cardiovascular Disease Risk Assessment Tools in US Young Adults.

Background: In 2023, the American Heart Association published the Predicting Risk of Cardiovascular Disease Events (PREVENT) equations for estimating atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk in adults aged 30 to 79 years. We compared PREVENT's performance with existing US guideline recommended models-Pooled Cohort Equations for 10-year ASCVD risk and FHS (Framingham Heart Study) equations for 30-year ASCVD risk-among young adults.

Methods: We analyzed adults aged 20 to 39 years without baseline ASCVD from 2 sources: (1) pooled data from 2 large epidemiologic cohorts (CARDIA [Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults] and FHS, n=7763), and (2) electronic health records from Kaiser Permanente Southern California (n=266 378).

A blood-based DNA damage signature in patients with Parkinson's disease is associated with disease progression.

Aging is the main risk factor for Parkinson's disease (PD), yet our understanding of how age-related mechanisms contribute to PD pathophysiology remains limited. We conducted a longitudinal analysis of blood samples from the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative cohort to investigate DNA damage in PD. Patients with PD exhibited disrupted DNA repair pathways and biased suppression of longer transcripts, indicating age-related, transcription-stalling DNA damage.

Differences in emotion regulation components underlie the sexual orientation disparity in depressive symptoms: a prospective, Population-based study of young adults.

Purpose: Hatzenbuehler's psychological mediation framework proposes that difficulties in emotion regulation (ER), which are driven in part by excess exposure to stigma-related experiences, contribute to sexual orientation-related mental health disparities. However, existing research on the framework has largely focused on a small number of ER variables in non-probability samples.

Methods: To address these limitations, we examined whether a large complement of ER components mediates the prospective association between sexual minority status and depressive symptoms, using longitudinal data from a population-based sample of 1,208 Swedish young adults (aged 18-35).

Pridopidine in early-stage manifest Huntington's disease: a phase 3 trial.

Huntington's disease (HD) is a rare, neurodegenerative disorder for which only symptomatic treatments are available. The PROOF-HD study was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of pridopidine, a selective Sigma-1 receptor agonist, in HD. The primary and key secondary endpoints, change in total functional capacity (TFC) and composite Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Scale (cUHDRS) score at week 65, were not met in the overall population.

MLKL PARylation in the endothelial niche triggers angiocrine necroptosis to evade cancer immunosurveillance and chemotherapy.

Chemoresistance is the leading cause of cancer-related death. How chemotherapy subjugates the cellular crosstalk in the tumour microenvironment to cause chemoresistance remains to be defined. Here we find chemotherapy enables immunosuppressive SDF1 endothelial niche to evade immunosurveillance in ovarian and breast cancers.

Building effective relationships in global surgery: an exploratory qualitative study.

Background: The rise in malignant hepatopancreatobiliary tumors disproportionately affects low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) due to systemic challenges. In 2023, the International Hepatopancreatobiliary Association (IHPBA) launched a relationship-building initiative to mitigate outcome disparities by increasing capacity and quality. This study aimed to understand the dynamics and value of such collaborations.

Exercise with overdressing for heat acclimation: a multilayered approach using biophysical modeling and two randomized crossover trials.

Individuals who work in the heat, such as military personnel and athletes, are often required to rapidly transition from temperate or cooler climates to hot environments. Thus, acclimation strategies are needed for individuals lacking access to hot weather. We sought to develop and validate a practical exercise with overdressing protocol for heat acclimation.

Emotion understanding in infants and young children: How input shapes emotional development.

Here, we will review the developmental literature on how infants and young children learn about emotions. We take a process-based perspective, highlighting how the protracted trajectory of emotional development unfolds concurrently with changes in children's cognitive abilities, and how variability based on context, culture, and experience shape this trajectory over time. We will also emphasize the role of input into this development, a factor that has often been ignored.

Children's ability concepts: Their development, content, and consequences.

In this chapter, we summarize theoretical and empirical work on the development of ability concepts in children. We first examine the form of children's basic concept of ability, asking whether it undergoes major differentiation during development or whether, instead, a near adult-like ability concept is available early on. We then ask when in development children's ability beliefs begin to exhibit coherence and motivational force.

Marine-derived sulfated glycans display a potent virostatic mechanism to block herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) entry and spread.

A naturally derived library of glycomimetic mimicking the structure-function of heparan sulfate (HS) remains an untapped reservoir for drug discovery against viral infections. In this work we screened a library of marine-derived sulfated glycans from seaweeds and sea cucumbers to investigate if they can compete for the ligand/receptor binding sites to prevent virus entry. Multiple promising candidates were identified, such as RPI-27 (IC: 1.

High transposable element expression in sarcomas is associated with increased immune infiltrates and improved outcomes including after immunotherapy.

Background: Response to immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) in sarcomas is overall low and heterogeneous. Understanding determinants of ICI outcomes may improve efficacy and patient selection. Thus, we investigated whether the expression of transposable elements (TEs), which are epigenetically silenced and can stimulate antitumor immunity, influence ICI outcomes and immune infiltrates in common sarcoma subtypes.

Adults' Ability to Detect the Pseudotemporal Problem when Children Give "I Don't Know" Responses.

Past research has identified a source of miscommunication known as the "pseudotemporal" problem, whereby children mistakenly interpret invitations including the word 'time' (e.g., "tell me about the last time") as requests for temporal information (Friend et al.

Clinical Research: Disparities in Outcomes for Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease at a Private vs Public Hospital in New York City.

Background: In patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), social determinants of health contribute to health inequalities. We aimed to compare patients with IBD treated at a private nonprofit vs public hospital in New York City.

Methods: We performed a retrospective study of adult patients with Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis with established IBD care.

An Analysis of Adverse Events Associated with Mandibular Repositioning Appliances (MRA)- Study of the FDA Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience (MAUDE) Database.

Study Objectives: Mandibular repositioning appliances (MRAs) are widely used for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and snoring, but their safety profile remains underexplored. This study analyzes adverse events associated with MRAs using the FDA Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience (MAUDE) database.

Methods: A retrospective review of the MAUDE database identified adverse events related to MRAs under the product code "LRK" from January 1, 2015, to February 8, 2025.

Activity-based probes and chemical proteomics uncover the biological impact of targeting HMGCS1 in the mevalonate pathway.

Mevalonate is a precursor for essential metabolites, such as isoprenoids and sterols. Its synthesis starts with HMGCS1 producing HMG-CoA, which is then converted to mevalonate by HMGCR, a target of statins. Cancer cells often upregulate enzymes in the mevalonate pathway (MVP) to meet their metabolic demands, leading to the development of inhibitors targeting several enzymes in this pathway.

Phenotyping and Clinical Utility of Phagocytic Polyploid Giant Cancer Macrophages in Blood.

Historically, polyploid giant cancer cells (PGCCs) within tumors have been ignored as superfluous inflammatory refuse with no intrinsic clinical or biological relevance. However recently, multiple studies have described the existence PGCCs in solid tumor masses that appear to correlate with tumor progression, and can also appear in blood circulation as cancer associated macrophage like cells (CAMLs). In an effort to understand the clinical and biological role of CAMLs (i.

Clostridium tyrobutyricum strains exhibit high genetic diversity and differ in their ability to cause late blowing defect in washed-curd cheese.

Clostridium tyrobutyricum is a spore-forming bacterium and is considered to be one of the main causative agents of late blowing defect (LBD) of hard and semi-hard cheeses. However, the spoilage potential of C. tyrobutyricum appears to be strain dependent.

TNF as a mediator of metabolic inflammation and body-brain interaction in obesity-driven neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration.

Body-brain interaction (BBI) plays a critical role in coordinating the communication between peripheral organs and the brain, contributing to the comorbidity of metabolic disorders and neurological disorders. In the context of obesity, one of the key mediators driving systemic and neuroinflammatory responses is the soluble form of tumor necrosis factor (TNF), which primarily signals through TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1) to regulate inflammation and cell death. In this review, we examine how TNF/TNFR1-mediated metabolic inflammation in obesity disrupts cellular homeostasis across multiple organ systems, including the brain.