Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Adult Dialysis Patients: A Review.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is an extremely common but underdiagnosed problem in adults receiving dialysis therapy. Patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) on hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis have a higher prevalence of OSA compared to the general population (1-3). This condition carries significant clinical implications, contributing to impaired sleep quality, daytime fatigue, and elevated cardiovascular risk if left untreated (4,5).

Career Mentoring Options for Pharmacy Faculty and Staff Navigating the Three Phases of Cancer Survivorship.

Cancer rates are on the rise and new treatments are helping people live longer with cancer, yet the questions remains: when does one consider themselves a cancer survivor and what direction does one's career need to take when diagnosed with cancer? This commentary explores how mentoring can support working individuals, such as pharmacy faculty and staff, across the three distinct phases of cancer survivorship, (1) the acute phase including testing, diagnosis, staging, and treatment; (2) the post-treatment survival phase; and (3) the permanent phase of disease-free survival. While career mentoring programs may exist for pharmacy faculty and staff across various pharmacy practice settings, there is a notable lack of structured mentoring programs available for those faculty and staff navigating a cancer diagnosis, especially as mentoring needs shift throughout these three cancer survivorship phases. Thoughtful mentoring and support can significantly enhance the personal and professional quality of life for individuals with cancer.

Biochemical characterization of a flavodiiron protein from bird parasite Histomonas meleagridis: superoxide as a reaction intermediate.

Histomonas meleagridis is a parasitic protozoan which causes histomoniasis (blackhead disease) in a wide range of birds, including domesticated chickens and turkeys, representing a significant health problem in avian veterinary medicine. Despite being classified as an anaerobic parasite, H. meleagridis can survive transient exposure to oxygen while little is known about the mechanisms that allow this organism to cope with exposure to varying oxygen levels.

Clinical outcomes of Hydrus Microstent implantation for open-angle glaucoma: Results from a large academic center.

Purpose: To assess the clinical outcomes of Hydrus Microstent implantation with cataract extraction for the treatment of open angle glaucoma (OAG) over a maximum of 4 years.

Design: Retrospective, single-center, single-arm, longitudinal cohort study.

Subjects: 308 patients (464 eyes) with OAG who underwent Hydrus Microstent implantation with cataract extraction between February 2019 and December 2021, followed for a median (interquartile range, IQR) of 2.

Most Roads Lead to Cushing: Mapping Neurosurgical Training Lineages in the United States.

Objective: Mentorship and training relationships shape the careers and influence of neurosurgeons. Network analysis can reveal structural characteristics and key individuals who support network connectivity and drive the field's development. This endeavor analyzed the US-based neurosurgical training network derived from NeurosurGen.

A covalent inhibitor targeting Cys16 on RhoA in colorectal cancer.

RhoA is a key cancer driver and potential colorectal cancer (CRC) therapy target but remains undrugged clinically. Using activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) and mass spectrometry (MS), we identified CL16, a covalent inhibitor targeting the unique Cys16 on RhoA subfamily, which confers high specificity over other Rho family proteins. Cys16 is adjacent to the nucleotide-binding pocket and switch regions, which are critical for RhoA function.

Incidence of long COVID among U.S. children and adults during the omicron era - Tracking Post-COVID Conditions (Track-PCC) network, 2022-2023.

Background: Long COVID, or Post-COVID Conditions (PCC), refers to new and persisting sequelae occurring in the months following an acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. Although previous studies have reported estimates of PCC incidence, few have examined trends during the Omicron variant period or have included geographically distinct regions for the same time periods.

Methods: Track PCC is a surveillance network, leveraging electronic health records and public health data to monitor incidence over time across five diverse geographic sites in the U.

Prenatal exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances: Association with child behavior in the environmental influences on child health outcomes (ECHO) Cohort.

Background: Prenatal exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) may adversely impact child neurodevelopment; however, epidemiologic findings remain inconclusive because of small sample sizes, limited exposure variability, and differing neurodevelopmental measures. We aimed to investigate the relationship between prenatal PFAS exposure and child behavior.

Methods: We pooled data from nine study sites in the nationwide Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort.

Effect of early versus delayed middle meningeal artery embolization on clinical outcomes in chronic subdural hematoma: A propensity score-matched cohort study.

Background: Chronic subdural hematoma (cSDH) is a common neurosurgical condition with a high recurrence rate following surgical evacuation. Middle meningeal artery embolization (MMAE) has emerged as an adjunctive or standalone treatment, but the optimal timing of embolization remains unclear. We evaluated whether early MMAE (≤2 days) versus delayed MMAE (3-7 days) is associated with improved clinical outcomes.

Multiple maternal occupational exposures during pregnancy and intrauterine growth: analysis of the French Longitudinal Study of Children - ELFE cohort, using data-driven approaches.

Objective: To use data-driven approaches to investigate maternal multi-occupational exposures during pregnancy and their effects on intrauterine growth.

Methods: Maternal occupational exposure to 47 factors during pregnancy was evaluated with job-exposure matrices in the French ELFE cohort. The outcomes of interest were birthweight (BW), small for gestational age (SGA) and head circumference (HC).

Addition of metronidazole to standard-of-care perioperative prophylaxis at the time of hysterectomy for gynecologic malignancies.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the combination of cefazolin or a second-generation cephalosporin plus metronidazole is associated with a reduced risk of surgical site infection in women undergoing hysterectomy for gynecologic cancer compared to using cefazolin or a second-generation cephalosporin alone.

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent hysterectomy at a single institution between January 2020 and June 2022. The primary outcome was surgical site infection.

Developing aneurysm clipping capacity in Ghana through global neurosurgical collaboration: a case series from two global brainsurgery initiative mission trips.

Introduction: The management of cerebral aneurysms in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) faces significant barriers, including limited access to specialized neurosurgical care and equipment and dissipating human resources. Ghana's inaugural experience with cerebral aneurysm clipping, facilitated by the Global Brainsurgery Initiative (GBI), represent an attempt to address these challenges through international collaboration.

Methods: This case series details the outcomes of six patients who underwent cerebral aneurysm clipping procedures at two neurosurgical centers.

Machine learning for novel phenotyping in schizophrenia.

Purpose: Heterogeneity among people diagnosed with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders (schizophrenia) and high prevalence of co-occurring disorders makes identification of optimal treatments difficult. This study identified behavioral health phenotypes using machine learning with Medicaid claims of adults with schizophrenia. We compared the phenotypes' clinical outcomes and psychotropic medication prescription patterns for clinical validity.

A review of methodologic & data considerations for vaccine safety surveillance in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Vaccine safety surveillance systems are vital for the post-market safety monitoring of novel and well-established vaccines, given the sample size, representativeness and follow-up time in clinical trials. The introduction of COVID-19 vaccines during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic presented unprecedented challenges for safety surveillance. Here, we discuss methodologic considerations for epidemiologic study design and real world data for passive and active surveillance systems for COVID-19 vaccines in the United States (U.

A single-cell, long-read, isoform-resolved case-control study of FTD reveals cell-type-specific and broad splicing dysregulation in human brain.

Progranulin-deficient frontotemporal dementia (GRN-FTD) is a major cause of familial FTD with TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) pathology, which is linked to exon dysregulation. However, little is known about this dysregulation in glial and neuronal cells. Here, using splice-junction-covering enrichment probes, we introduce single-nuclei long-read RNA sequencing 2 (SnISOr-Seq2), targeting 3,630 high-interest genes without loss of precision, and complete the first single-cell, long-read-resolved case-control study for neurodegeneration.

Socioeconomic Factors Impact the Perception of Healthcare Experiences in Patients with Cirrhosis.

Background: Suboptimal patient-provider relationship is a significant contributor to healthcare disparities. Minority populations report fewer favorable interactions, which may lead to poorer outcomes and engagement in care. Patients with chronic diseases are especially at risk.

Surgical invasiveness, reoperation, and preoperative depression are predictive of super-utilization in adult spinal deformity surgery.

Purpose: A subset of adult spinal deformity (ASD) patients undergoing corrective surgery receive a disproportionate level of medical resources and incur greater costs. We examined the characteristics of such super-utilizers of health care resources among ASD patients.

Methods: This prospective, multicenter study analyzed data from ASD patients with > 4 levels of spinal fusion and a minimum 2-year follow-up.

Rocatinlimab: A Novel T-Cell Rebalancing Therapy Targeting the OX40 Receptor in Atopic Dermatitis.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by eczematous skin lesions, intense pruritus, skin pain, sleep disruption, and mental health disturbances. There remains a need for a therapeutic option that delivers durable efficacy, safety, and convenient dosing across the AD patient population. This review provides an overview of AD pathogenesis driven by T-cell imbalance and describes a novel therapeutic option targeting the OX40 receptor, a costimulatory molecule expressed specifically on activated T cells.

Hypoalbuminemia in heart failure: pathophysiology, clinical implications, and management strategies.

Hypoalbuminemia is commonly seen in patients with heart failure and is associated with worse outcomes. Multiple pathophysiologic mechanisms can contribute to low albumin levels in heart failure patients, such as malnutrition, hepatic congestion, inflammation, and protein-losing enteropathy. Hypoalbuminemia can exacerbate heart failure symptoms and contributes to pulmonary edema by reducing plasma oncotic pressure, thereby favoring fluid movement into the interstitial and alveolar spaces.

Language dysfunction as a primary feature of cognitive decline in neurological populations.

Cognitive decline is a common feature of neurologic conditions, with language functions often affected. Word finding difficulties are commonly reported to neurologists in clinic. Receptive language dysfunction (i.

Effective nutritional intervention improves the health-related quality of life (HRQL) of undernourished children with cancer: results of a randomized, controlled phase 3 trial.

Purpose: The association of nutritional intervention and health-related quality of life (HRQL) was examined in children with cancer.

Methods: Undernourished children with cancer (N = 260) were randomized 1:1 to standard nutritional therapy (SNT) or SNT + Ready to Use Therapeutic Food (RUTF). HRQL was assessed using the Health Utilities Index® (HUI) at study entry and 6 weeks later.

Time-Series Elemental Imaging Reveals CAX-Dependent Redistribution Patterns for Anoxia Recovery.

Flooding-induced oxygen deprivation (anoxia) is a challenge to plant survival, necessitating adaptive mechanisms for recovery. This study investigates elemental redistribution during anoxia recovery using time-series elemental imaging to show changes in nutrient distribution. Focusing on the role of Cation/H⁺ Exchangers (CAXs) in Arabidopsis thaliana, we show how mutants deficient in specific CAX transporters (cax1 and the cax1-4 quadruple mutant; qKO) respond to anoxia and metal stress.

Impact of drug utilization management strategies on the incidence and cost of clinical events in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation receiving DOACs in the US.

Background: Medicare plans employ drug utilization management strategies, including prior authorization (PA) and step therapy (ST), or formulary tier increases, to control spending. However, PA and ST can delay treatment access and encourage use of less effective/safe therapies, while formulary tier increases can lead to treatment switching/discontinuation due to higher patient out-of-pocket costs. This study modeled the impact of restricted access to direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs), and a tier increase for apixaban, on incidence and cost of clinical events in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) in the United States.

Gluten-free journeys: an evaluation of online travel health information for patients living with coeliac disease.

Coeliac disease is a widely prevalent chronic condition, which presents potential challenges during international travel. Our analysis of information provided by national coeliac disease organisations points to the need to make more comprehensive and standardised travel health advice available online to people living with coeliac disease.