Question-centered prompt engineering for nursing simulation debriefing: Model development and validation.

Aim: This study aims to develop and validate an instructional debriefing model that combines question-centered learning methodology with AI prompt engineering techniques for nursing simulations.

Background: Integrating artificial intelligence (AI)-based prompt engineering into nursing simulation offers structured strategies to enhance clinical reasoning. However, current debriefing models insufficiently incorporate AI methodologies such as question-centered learning and prompt engineering, indicating a lack of theoretical and procedural frameworks METHODS: The model was developed using a four-phase approach: (1) literature review, (2) instructor interviews, (3) expert validation and (4) external evaluation of effectiveness.

Enhancing anomaly detection in plant disease recognition with knowledge ensemble.

Plant diseases pose a significant threat to agriculture, impacting food security and public health. Most existing plant disease recognition methods operate within closed-set settings, where disease categories are fixed during training, making them ineffective against novel diseases. This study extends plant disease recognition to an open-set scenario, enabling the identification of both known and unknown classes for real-world applicability.

Effect of the perfluorooctane sulfonamide on glucose and lipid metabolism in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and zebrafish larvae.

Perfluorooctane sulfonamide (PFOSA) is an indirect source of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) in the environment as a precursor; however, toxicological study of PFOSA is limited. This study aimed to investigate the effects of PFOSA on glucose and lipid metabolism in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and in zebrafish larvae. 3T3-L1 adipocytes were treated with PFOSA, PFOS, and rosiglitazone (RSG) for 48 h, and assessed for cell viability, adipogenesis, glucose uptake, and regarding molecular mechanisms.

Exploring the Protective Effects of Taxifolin in Cardiovascular Health: A Comprehensive Review.

Taxifolin is a natural flavonoid found in a variety of plants, including Siberian larch () and milk thistle (), that has attracted attention for its multifaceted pharmacological properties, including cardioprotective effects. Through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, taxifolin has shown significant therapeutic potential in cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, myocardial ischemia, and diabetic cardiomyopathy. This review highlights the cardioprotective effects of taxifolin in preclinical models of atherosclerosis, ischemia/reperfusion injury, and diabetic cardiomyopathy.

Formation of iron sulfide phases on hydrochar through one-pot hydrothermal synthesis: Effects of biomass type and sulfur-to-iron ratio.

Iron sulfide-supported hydrochar (FeS-HTC) was synthesized via a one-pot hydrothermal process by simultaneously reacting microalgae (AG) and sewage sludge digestate (SD) biomass with iron and sulfur precursors. The effects of biomass type, iron and sulfur concentrations, and sulfur-to-iron (S/Fe) molar ratio on the iron sulfide phase formation and oxidation performance of the resulting materials were systematically investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed that the S/Fe ratio strongly influenced iron sulfide phase formation: AG-derived FeS-HTC exhibited a phase transformation sequence from pyrrhotite (FeS) to greigite (FeS) to pyrite (FeS) as sulfur content increased, while SD-derived samples consistently formed pyrite across all conditions.

ZnO electrocatalyst integrated onto carbon paper for efficient non-aqueous Li-O batteries.

The development of high-performance lithium-oxygen (Li-O) batteries is hindered by challenges including high overpotential and limited cycle life. In this paper, we report the cost-effective and scalable synthesis of a ZnO electrocatalyst directly integrated onto carbon paper a simple dipping and thermal treatment method. The resulting ZnO-on-carbon composite (ZnO on P50) was employed as the cathode in a non-aqueous Li-O battery.

Seasonal variation in nocturnal molecular marker emissions from waste incineration in Seoul, South Korea.

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) combustion produces terephthalic acid (TPA), a key indicator of incineration processes. This study examines the diurnal variation of TPA and its association with health risks in Seoul, South Korea, based on data from Bokjeong Station. TPA concentrations were significantly higher in winter (28.

Sulforaphane-Rich Broccoli Sprout Extract Promotes Hair Regrowth in an Androgenetic Alopecia Mouse Model via Enhanced Dihydrotestosterone Metabolism.

Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is a common progressive hair loss disorder driven by elevated dihydrotestosterone (DHT) levels, leading to follicular miniaturization. This study investigated sulforaphane-rich broccoli sprout extract (BSE) as a potential oral therapy for AGA. BSE exhibited dose-dependent proliferative and migratory effects on keratinocytes, dermal fibroblasts, and dermal papilla cells, showing greater in vitro activity than sulforaphane (SFN) and minoxidil under the tested conditions, while maintaining low cytotoxicity.

Nanoplastics: An emerging environmental concern in age-related diseases.

The global demand for plastics has increased in recent years, with annual production exceeding 400 million tons. Despite their versatility and economic advantages, plastics pose severe environmental challenges due to inadequate waste management, with only 9 % being recycled. The rest accumulate in the environment, leading to widespread plastic pollution and the emergence of nanoplastics (NPs), plastic particles smaller than 0.

Effects of antimicrobial preservatives on protein folding stability and subvisible particle formation in monoclonal antibody trastuzumab.

To prevent microbial contamination, antimicrobial preservatives need to be added in multi-dose biopharmaceuticals; however, it often introduces risks to protein stability, potentially compromising therapeutic efficacy. In this study, we investigated the effects of different preservatives (benzyl alcohol, m-cresol, phenoxyethanol, and benzalkonium chloride) on the biophysical stability of trastuzumab, a monoclonal antibody widely used for treatment of HER2 receptor-positive cancers. Among the preservatives tested, benzyl alcohol (1.

Characteristic alterations of gut microbiota and metabolites in patients with perianal abscess: a multi-omics analysis.

Background/objectives: Various studies have highlighted the important associations between perianal abscess (PA) and gut microbiota and related metabolites. Nevertheless, the establishment of causal relationships between these associations remains to be determined. This study aimed to provide direct evidence and a comprehensive understanding of gut microbiota disturbance in children with PA through combined 16S rRNA sequencing and untargeted metabolomic analysis.

Coevolutionary patterns between coloration and diel activity in moths.

Anti-predator coloration is part of a key survival strategy in animals, often coevolving with behavioural traits such as diel activity. While previous studies have explored the link between conspicuous sexual signals and diurnality, the association between defensive coloration and diel activity remains unresolved. Here, we investigate the coevolutionary relationship between anti-predator coloration and diel activity in moths, a diverse clade with variable colour and activity patterns.

Oral Metronomic Delivery of Atorvastatin and Docetaxel via Transporter-Targeted Nanoemulsions Enhances Antitumor Efficacy and Immune Modulation in Colon Cancer.

: This study aimed to enhance the oral delivery and therapeutic synergy of atorvastatin (AT) and docetaxel (DT) through a metronomic schedule using a transporter-targeted nanoemulsion (NE), with the goal of improving antitumor efficacy and immune modulation. : AT and DT were co-encapsulated in a NE system (AT/DT-NE#E) incorporating deoxycholic acid-DOTAP (D-TAP), biotin-conjugated phospholipid (Biotin-PE), and d-α-tocopherol polyethylene glycol succinate (TPGS) to exploit bile acid and multivitamin transport pathways and inhibit P-glycoprotein efflux. The optimized NE was characterized physicochemically and evaluated for permeability in artificial membranes and Caco-2/HT29-MTX-E12 monolayers.

Identification of key amino acid residues of prolactin closely associated with freshwater adaptation in fish.

Fish living in different saline environments constitute optimal models for studying the osmoregulatory role of prolactin. Analysis of grouper fish prolactins, including those from giant grouper Epinephelus lanceolatus and red-spotted grouper Epinephelus akaara and their hybrid, which are genetically close but exhibit different salinity adaptability, indicated only two amino acid residue differences in prolactin (lysine, K, and glutamate, E). An integrated approach, including a comparative analysis of prolactin sequences in fish and habitat salinity, behavior-based monitoring of low-salinity adaptability, and molecular modeling, was employed to explore the functional implications of prolactin sequences.

extracts enhance 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation via CHOP inhibition and PPARγ activation.

(ZS), which is widely used as a seasoning and traditional medicine in East Asia, has demonstrated pharmacological potential. This study investigated the effects of the leaf and twig extracts of ZS (LZSE and TZSE, respectively), which are native to the Honam region of Korea, on adipocyte differentiation and assessed the ligand-binding energy score of their components to bind peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), a critical regulator of adipogenesis and metabolic health. LZSE and TZSE were prepared using 70% ethanol, and their molecular effects on adipocyte differentiation were evaluated in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes.

Fermentation modeling and machine learning for flavor prediction in low-sodium radish paocai with potassium chloride substitution.

To address the challenge of high sodium in paocai, this study evaluated the partial substitution of NaCl with KCl during radish paocai fermentation, focusing on microbial kinetics and flavor. The methodology integrated microbial growth modeling with comprehensive flavor analysis (HS-SPME-GC-MS, HS-GC-IMS, E-tongue) and Random Forest (RF) machine learning. Substituting 30% NaCl with KCl (K30) significantly increased mannitol and glutamic acid, enhancing desirable fresh, sweet, and umami tastes.

Human-mediated forest transition shapes long-term occurrence patterns of pine caterpillar (Dendrolimus spectabilis) in the Korean Peninsula.

Both intrinsic and exogenous factors affect the population dynamics of forest insects. Time series analysis based on long-term data provides insights into the ecological processes driving their oscillation or fluctuation. This study investigated the long-term occurrence patterns of the pine caterpillar (Dendrolimus spectabilis) based on both historical records and recent monitoring data.

Multi-Sensor Fusion Framework for Reliable Localization and Trajectory Tracking of Mobile Robot by Integrating UWB, Odometry, and AHRS.

This paper presents a multi-sensor fusion framework for the accurate indoor localization and trajectory tracking of a differential-drive mobile robot. The proposed system integrates Ultra-Wideband (UWB) trilateration, wheel odometry, and Attitude and Heading Reference System (AHRS) data using a Kalman filter. This fusion approach reduces the impact of noisy and inaccurate UWB measurements while correcting odometry drift.

Selective boron removal from seawater using poly-GMA-Glucamine.

Boron removal is a persistent challenge in seawater desalination due to the limited rejection efficiency of reverse osmosis (RO) membranes at neutral pH. In this study, a boron-selective adsorbent, poly(GMA-glucamine), was synthesised via radical polymerisation of glycidyl methacrylate and functionalised with N-methyl-D-glucamine (NMDG). The incorporation of glucamine groups was confirmed by FT-IR spectroscopy and SEM analysis.

Production and properties of smart packaging film based on gelatin-chitosan containing Echium amoenum anthocyanins and reinforced with crosslinkers for fish packaging.

Gelatin (G)- chitosan (Cs) composite packaging films were produced with incorporation of citric acid (CA) and/or cinnamaldehyde (C) as chemical crosslinkers. Then, the extract containing Echium amoenum (EA) anthocyanins (10 % v/v) as a pH indicator was added to G/Cs-based films containing the crosslinker. Physicochemical, composability and microbial properties of the obtained films were evaluated.

Pharmacokinetic and Bioequivalence Evaluation of Two Sitagliptin Tablets With Different Salts in Healthy Subjects.

The objective of the current study was to evaluate the rate and extent of absorption of a test formulation (sitagliptin hydrochloride) and a reference formulation (sitagliptin phosphate). An open-label, randomized, single-dose, single-center, 2-sequence, 2-period, and cross-over phase 1 study was implemented to assess the pharmacokinetic bioequivalence of the test and reference formulations containing a single dose of sitagliptin 100 mg in 32 healthy volunteers under fasting conditions. The differences between the test and reference formulations in terms of the area under the curve from dosing to the time of the last measured concentration (AUC) and the maximum concentration (C) were found to be not significant.

Chronic exposure to organochlorine pesticide mixture induces type 2 diabetes mellitus-associated metabolic dysregulation in C57BL/6J mice.

Epidemiological studies have revealed a correlation between a long-term exposure to organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, supportive evidence from pathological studies in rodent models remains limited. In this study, we addressed this gap by investigating the metabolic effects of a defined OCP mixture (OCPM)-hexachlorobenzene, β-hexachlorocyclohexane, p,p՛-DDT, heptachlor, and chlordane (1:1:1:1:1) was administered orally to C57BL/6J mice at doses of 0.

Early-Stage Adhesion Dynamics of Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus in Olive Flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus.

Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) is a major pathogen in olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) aquaculture, leading to high mortality rates and significant economic losses. Recurrent outbreaks underscore the need for a deeper understanding of the early-stage adhesion and infection mechanisms of VHSV. To address this gap, this study investigated the adsorption and replication dynamics of VHSV in various olive flounder tissues under different temperature conditions (15°C, 20°C, and 25°C).

Future direction of digital textbooks in undergraduate nursing education: A scoping review.

Digital natives have emerged, and nursing educator must develop digital textbook(DT)s the meet their information processing methods. But literature reviews on DTs remain insufficient. This scoping review aims to guide nursing educators on the future direction of DTs in undergraduate nursing education.

Development of a Digital Intervention Incorporating Habit Formation Techniques for Medication Adherence.

Effective medication management is essential for preventing complications and improving quality of life in individuals with chronic diseases. A comprehensive approach is required to support patients in improving their medication adherence. This study aimed to develop and validate personalized interventions, using technological tools, designed to support medication habit formation in patients with diabetes.