Cognitive and behavioral pathways from prenatal cocaine exposure to regular marijuana use during emerging adulthood.

Objective: This study considers indirect effects of 12-year global executive function, externalizing behavior (EXT), perceptional reasoning IQ (PRIQ), and 15-year substance use on the relationship between prenatal cocaine exposure (PCE) and regular marijuana use at 21 years.

Methods: Participants were 310 (154 PCE, 156 non-prenatally cocaine-exposed (NCE) enrolled at birth. Regular marijuana use at age 21 (> 1-7 times/week) was assessed using the Substance Abuse Module 5 (SAM 5).

Development of 3D Reversible Smart Energy-Saving Devices for Adaptive Energy Management.

Conventional 2D thin-film-based energy-saving devices face limitations in controlling phase transition temperatures and in material selectivity. In contrast, 3D devices offer better temperature tunability and broader material options for surface coatings. However, existing designs still face challenges like limited deformation and asymmetric structures, hindering adaptation to varying sunlight incidence and azimuth angles.

Development of a Digital Intervention Incorporating Habit Formation Techniques for Medication Adherence.

Effective medication management is essential for preventing complications and improving quality of life in individuals with chronic diseases. A comprehensive approach is required to support patients in improving their medication adherence. This study aimed to develop and validate personalized interventions, using technological tools, designed to support medication habit formation in patients with diabetes.

All-optical seasonal energy saving windows.

Adaptive thermal regulation is crucial for year-round energy savings in buildings, especially in mid-latitude regions. Here, leveraging the seasonally varying angles of direct sunlight, we report a microprism-array sheet that enables seasonal energy saving windows. Guided by geometric optics, the asymmetric microprism-array sheet, featuring a silver coating on the sky-facing facets, exhibited an average transmittance of 10% in summer and 53% in winter at predominant sunlight angles, compared to 30% and 38% of a standard tint film, respectively.

W-band frequency selective digital metasurface using active learning-based binary optimization.

The W-band is essential for applications like high-resolution imaging and advanced monitoring systems, but high-frequency signal attenuation leads to poor signal-to-noise ratios, posing challenges for compact and multi-channel systems. This necessitates distinct frequency selective surfaces (FSS) on a single substrate, a complex task due to inherent substrate resonance modes. In this study, we use a digital metasurface platform to design W-band FSS on a glass substrate, optimized through binary optimization assisted by active learning.

Visible transparency modulated cooling windows using pseudorandom dielectric multilayers.

The increasing global temperatures have escalated the demand for indoor cooling, thus requiring energy-saving solutions. Traditional approaches often integrate metal layers in cooling windows to block near-infrared (NIR) sunlight, which, albeit effective, lack the broad modulation of visible transmission and lead to heat accumulation due to sunlight absorption. Here, we address these limitations by developing cooling windows using ZnS/MgF multilayers, optimized through a binary optimization-based active learning process.

Maternal Childhood Trauma and Children's Developmental Course of Aggressive Behavior from Ages 4 to 12.

Objective: A growing literature documents the intergenerational effects of maternal childhood trauma (MCT) on offspring developmental outcomes. However, cross-sectional designs of prior studies limit understanding of long-term effects of MCT on the next generation. We examined the long-term association of MCT with the developmental trajectory of their children's aggressive behavior from preschool years to preadolescence, while considering maternal psychological distress as a potential mediator in a high-risk sample.

Ultraviolet-Resistant Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells with Enhanced Efficiency Through Attachable Nanophotonic Downshifting and Light Trapping.

Despite the many promising properties of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), ultraviolet (UV)-induced degradation remains a critical issue for their long-term reliability. One potential solution is the selective inhibition of UV exposure before it reaches the PSCs; however, this approach leads to a reduction in PSC efficiency due to limited photon utilization. In this regard, here a universally applicable method is presented to address the UV stability issue of PSCs without compromising their high-level efficiency while also providing device flexibility.

Management of a Large Nosocomial Outbreak From an Index of Crusted Scabies in a Tertiary Care Hospital, 2023: A Retrospective Observational Study.

Background: In 2023, we experienced an outbreak from a case of undiagnosed crusted scabies, resulting in a significant number of exposed individuals and secondary cases. In this report, we describe the outbreak control measures, the attack rate, and the risk factors for acquisition of scabies among healthcare workers (HCWs).

Methods: This study was conducted in a 2,700-bed tertiary care hospital in Seoul, South Korea.

Effectiveness of Mobile Health Intervention in Medication Adherence: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Low medication adherence poses a great risk of poor treatment outcomes among patients with chronic diseases. Recently, mobile applications (apps) have been recognized as effective interventions, enabling patients to adhere to their prescriptions. This study aimed to establish the effectiveness of mobile app interventions for medication adherence, affecting features, and dropout rates by focusing on previous randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

Can Thermal Nonreciprocity Help Radiative Cooling?

Radiative cooling has witnessed substantial progress while its performance is constrained by the thermal reciprocal Kirchhoff's law. Violating Kirchhoff's law to pursue nonreciprocal radiative cooling seems promising; however, the energy conservation requirement and radiant flux integrated over the entire hemisphere make the nonreciprocal benefit insignificant. This commentary discusses the practical limits of nonreciprocal radiative cooling and points toward the future direction of directional radiative cooling.

Quantum annealing-aided design of an ultrathin-metamaterial optical diode.

Thin-film optical diodes are important elements for miniaturizing photonic systems. However, the design of optical diodes relies on empirical and heuristic approaches. This poses a significant challenge for identifying optimal structural models of optical diodes at given wavelengths.

Reliability of ChatGPT for performing triage task in the emergency department using the Korean Triage and Acuity Scale.

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) technology can enable more efficient decision-making in healthcare settings. There is a growing interest in improving the speed and accuracy of AI systems in providing responses for given tasks in healthcare settings.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the reliability of ChatGPT in determining emergency department (ED) triage accuracy using the Korean Triage and Acuity Scale (KTAS).

Usefulness of the Rapid Antigen Test in Detecting SARS-CoV-2 for Infection Control in Hospitals.

Background: We aimed at evaluating the diagnostic performance of rapid antigen test (RAT) compared to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and the possible transmission of infection to close contacts from patients with negative RAT and positive PCR results.

Materials And Methods: Patients/guardians urgently requiring admission to the ward on the same day had been hospitalized with RAT-negative result before the PCR results were available. We performed an epidemiologic investigation of the close contacts of those with negative RAT but positive PCR results after hospitalization.

Prenatal Exposure to Intimate Partner Violence and Child Developmental Outcomes: A Scoping Review Study.

Pregnant women face an increased risk of intimate partner violence (IPV). In addition to the risk of violence faced by women, there is a dual concern for risk of harm to the fetus. Expanding knowledge on childbirth outcomes, other domains of children's development have been examined in recent literature.

3D human anatomy augmentation over a mannequin for the training of nursing skills.

Background: The in-depth understanding of human anatomy is the foundation for safety in nursing practice. Augmented reality is an emerging technology that can be used for integrative learning in nursing education.

Objective: The study aimed to develop a human anatomy-based skill training system and pilot test its usability and feasibility.

Causes of a Low Measles Seroprevalence among Young Healthcare Workers in Korea.

Background: Sporadic measles outbreaks have continued to occur in Korea, mainly in adults in their 20s and 30s, most notably in 2014 and 2019. We here evaluated the possible causes of a low seroprevalance of measles by testing young healthcare workers (HCWs).

Materials And Methods: This study was conducted in a 2,743-bed tertiary-care hospital in Seoul between 2020 and 2021.

Prenatal cocaine exposure and self-reported behavioral adjustments from ages 12 to 21: environmental pathways.

Background: In a birth-cohort study, we followed offspring with prenatal cocaine exposure (PCE) to investigate longitudinal associations of PCE with self-reported behavioral adjustment from early adolescence to emerging adulthood (EA). Environmental pathways (family functioning, non-kinship care, maltreatment) were specified as potential mediators of PCE.

Methods: Participants were 372 (190 PCE; 47% male), primarily Black, low socioeconomic status, enrolled at birth.