Using capnography in children to prevent oxygen desaturation during procedural sedation: A randomised trial.

Background: Capnography is essential for ventilatory monitoring.

Objective: We evaluated the effects of capnography on the occurrence of oxygen desaturation in paediatric patients undergoing sedation outside the operating room.

Design: Age-stratified randomised controlled trial without blinding.

Dynamics of Oxygen Reserve Index and Arterial Oxygen Partial Pressure in Children: A Prospective Observational Study.

Aims: The Oxygen Reserve Index (ORI) is a novel, noninvasive parameter that reflects moderate hyperoxic states. However, its relationship with PaO in the pediatric population remains poorly understood. We investigated the ORI-PaO relationship during pediatric cardiac surgery and identified its influencing factors.

Ultrasonographic assessment of sugammadex-enhanced early recovery of diaphragmatic function in children: A randomised double-blind controlled trial.

Background: In adults, sugammadex promotes faster neuromuscular recovery compared with neostigmine; however, its impact on diaphragmatic recovery and atelectasis in children remains unelucidated.

Objectives: We compared the effects of sugammadex and neostigmine on restoration of diaphragmatic function and postoperative atelectasis in paediatric patients.

Design: A prospective randomised controlled study.

Development of 3D Reversible Smart Energy-Saving Devices for Adaptive Energy Management.

Conventional 2D thin-film-based energy-saving devices face limitations in controlling phase transition temperatures and in material selectivity. In contrast, 3D devices offer better temperature tunability and broader material options for surface coatings. However, existing designs still face challenges like limited deformation and asymmetric structures, hindering adaptation to varying sunlight incidence and azimuth angles.

Association between intrarenal venous flow Doppler and postoperative acute kidney injury in children undergoing cardiac surgery: A retrospective cohort study.

The role of intrarenal Doppler parameters in predicting postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) has been increasingly emphasized, but remains underexplored in children undergoing cardiac surgery. This study aimed to investigate the association between intrarenal venous Doppler patterns and the occurrence of postoperative AKI in children after congenital cardiac surgery. This retrospective study included 338 pediatric patients who underwent elective cardiac surgery between June 2019 and December 2021.

An adjustment of fraction of inspired oxygen using the oxygen reserve index during one-lung ventilation in pediatric patients: a prospective, randomized controlled trial.

Background: One-lung ventilation (OLV) during thoracic surgery frequently requires approximately 100% oxygen, imposing the risk of hyperoxemia. This study aimed to assess whether oxygen reserve index (ORI)-guided fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) adjustment can reduce the incidence of hyperoxemia in children undergoing lung resection.

Methods: This prospective, randomized controlled trial enrolled children aged < 7 years scheduled for thoracoscopic lung resection.

Comparison between upper body and full underbody forced-air warming blanket in pediatric patients undergoing cardiovascular interventions under general anesthesia: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Pediatric patients undergoing cardiovascular interventions outside the operating room are at high risk of perioperative hypothermia. We aimed to compare the effects of upper body and full underbody forced-air warming blankets on the time-weighted deviation of esophageal temperature outside the target range (36.5-37.

β,β-Dimethylacryloyl Alkannin from Roots Suppresses Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Growth via AKT/Gli1 Signaling.

After confirmation of by genetic analysis, we identified the key compounds from the root: alkannin (), acetylalkannin (), β-acetoxyisovaleryl alkannin (), isobutyryl alkannin (), and β,β-dimethylacryloyl alkannin (DMA) (). Among these, DMA most effectively inhibited the proliferation of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells, with IC values of 5.1 μM (MDA-MB-231) and 8.

Soft, skin-interfaced wireless electrogoniometry systems for continuous monitoring of finger and wrist joints.

Continuous kinematic biofeedback during exercise interventions can lead to improved therapeutic outcomes in hand and wrist rehabilitation. Conventional methods for measuring joint kinematics typically allow only static measurements performed by specially trained therapists. This paper introduces skin-conformal, wearable wireless systems designed to continuously and accurately capture the angles of target joints, specifically in hand and wrist.

Highly sensitive microdisk laser sensor for refractive index sensing via periodic meta-hole patterning.

Microdisk lasers have emerged as compact on-chip optical sensors due to their small size, simple structure, and efficient lasing capabilities. However, conventional microdisk laser sensors face challenges in enhancing interactions with external analytes, as their energy remains predominantly confined within the laser material. In this study, we present a novel microdisk laser sensor incorporating periodic meta-hole patterning, designed to enhance external interaction while maintaining the integrity of the whispering gallery mode (WGM).

Oxygen Supplementation in Pediatric Sedation: Prospective, Multicenter, Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Children undergoing moderate to deep sedation for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures are susceptible to hypoxemia because of their anatomical and physiologic features. However, optimal oxygen administration methods are unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of oxygen supplementation during sedation using either low-flow or high-flow nasal cannula.

Comparison of combined intranasal dexmedetomidine and ketamine versus chloral hydrate for pediatric procedural sedation: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: We hypothesized that intranasal combination of dexmedetomidine (2 μg/kg) and ketamine (3 mg/kg) (IN DEXKET) improves the success rate of sedation in pediatric patients compared with chloral hydrate (CH; 50 mg/kg).

Methods: This prospective, two-center, single-blinded, randomized controlled trial involved 136 pediatric patients (aged < 7 years) requiring procedural sedation. The participants were randomized to receive CH or IN DEXKET via a mucosal atomizer device.

The combination of Korean Sajabal mugwort () and green tea () extracts and that of their major constituents improved blood flow in vitro and in vivo.

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Korean Sajabal mugwort extract (SME), green tea extract (GTE), and their optimized combination on improving blood flow. We first found that SME and GTE significantly suppressed TNF-α-induced ICAM-1 expression and enhanced endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activation in EA.hy926 endothelial cells.

Full freedom-of-motion actuators as advanced haptic interfaces.

The sense of touch conveys critical environmental information, facilitating object recognition, manipulation, and social interaction, and can be engineered through haptic actuators that stimulate cutaneous receptors. An unfulfilled challenge lies in haptic interface technologies that can engage all the various mechanoreceptors in a programmable, spatiotemporal fashion across large areas of the body. Here, we introduce a small-scale actuator technology that can impart omnidirectional, superimposable, dynamic forces to the surface of skin, as the basis for stimulating individual classes of mechanoreceptors or selected combinations of them.

Neighboring and polarization effects on line shape of the modulation transfer spectroscopy in lower ground hyperfine state of Rb atoms.

We have investigated the detailed line shapes of modulation transfer spectroscopy (MTS) for the [Formula: see text], and 3 transitions of Rb due to neighboring hyperfine transitions. This analysis has been conducted under four different polarization configurations: linear parallel, linear perpendicular, circular parallel, and circular perpendicular configurations. To the best of our knowledge the effects of neighboring transitions have been applied to MTS for the first time.

Additive effect of a single intravenous dose of acetaminophen administered at the end of laparoscopic hysterectomy on postoperative pain control with nefopam and fentanyl-based patient-controlled analgesia: a double-blind, randomized controlled trial.

Background: Acetaminophen is a widely used analgesic for postoperative pain management. However, data on its combined use with nefopam for managing postoperative pain following laparoscopic hysterectomy are limited. This study evaluated the effects of a single intravenous dose of acetaminophen combined with fentanyl- and nefopam-based patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) in patients undergoing laparoscopic hysterectomy.

Effect of onion peel extract and quercetin at an equivalent concentration in the extract on the improvement of dyslipidemia induced by high fat diet in rats.

In this study, we quantified quercetin content in onion peel extract (OPE) and investigated the effects of OPE and the equivalent amount of quercetin on lipid disorder induced by high fat diet (HDF). OPE reduced triglyceride (TG) level in oral lipid tolerance test. OPE administration improved lipid profile by lowering the level of total cholesterol (T-Chol) and LDL and by improving HDL/T-Chol ratio in HFD-fed rats.

Analgesic Efficacy of Repeated Daily Injections Versus Continuous Adductor Canal Block After Total Knee Arthroplasty: An Open-Label, Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background: Total knee arthroplasty is frequently associated with postoperative pain. Continuous adductor canal blocks are widely used for postoperative analgesia. However, the high dislocation rate of nerve block catheters often leads to ineffective pain control.

Perineural catheters for continuous peripheral nerve blocks: a narrative review.

Continuous peripheral nerve blocks using perineural catheters are increasingly used because they are the only well-established techniques that can provide prolonged analgesia. Although the novel indications and benefits of each type of continuous peripheral nerve block have been well described in several review articles, there is a lack of recent publications focusing on the use of perineural catheters. Numerous clinical challenges are associated with the use of catheters for pain management.

Transversus abdominis plane block combined with intrathecal fentanyl versus intrathecal morphine for post-cesarean analgesia: a randomized non-inferiority clinical trial.

Background: Intrathecal morphine is the standard for post-cesarean analgesia but often causes pruritus and may be unavailable in resource-limited settings. This study assessed whether a combination of bilateral transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block and intrathecal fentanyl provides non-inferior analgesia compared with intrathecal morphine following cesarean delivery within the multimodal analgesia context.

Methods: Eighty mothers were randomized to receive either intrathecal fentanyl 10 µg with bilateral TAP block using 15 mL of 0.

A recent large-scale intraspecific IR expansion and evolutionary dynamics of the plastome of Peucedanum japonicum.

Peucedanum japonicum (PJ), a member of the Apiaceae family, is widely distributed and cultivated in East Asian countries for edible and functional foods. In this study, we compared the plastid genomes (plastomes) and 45S nuclear ribosomal DNA (45S nrDNA) simultaneously from 10 PJ collections. Plastome-based phylogenetic analysis showed that the PJ accessions were monophyletic within the genus Peucedanum.

Anesthetic approaches and 2-year recurrence rates in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer: a randomized clinical trial.

Background: The effect of anesthesia methods on non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) recurrence post-resection remains uncertain. We aimed to compare the oncological outcomes of spinal anesthesia (SA) and general anesthesia (GA) in patients with NMIBC.

Methods: This prospective randomized controlled trial recruited 287 patients with clinical NMIBC at Seoul National University Hospital from 2018 to 2020.

Electroencephalography and Anesthetic Depth in Children Under 2 Years of Age: A Prospective Observational Study.

Background: Processed electroencephalogram (EEG) indices are widely used to monitor anesthetic depth. However, their reliability in children under 2 years of age remains questionable. During anesthesia maintenance in this age group, processed EEG indices frequently exhibit unexpectedly elevated values that exceed the intended target range.