Developing a Spatiotemporal Repository of Extreme Heat and Cold Exposure in the United States for Precision Public Health Research.

Accurate attribution of the areas and populations impacted by climate-related events often relies on linear distance-based methods, where the study unit is assigned temperature data to the closest weather station. We developed a novel method and data pipeline that provides a grid-based measure of exposure to extreme heat and cold events called Grid EXposure (, enabling linkage to individual-level human health data at different spatial scales. GridEX automates the gathering of station-based climatological data and provides estimates of apparent temperature, offering a more comprehensive representation of human thermal comfort and perceived temperature.

Competing risks models with two time scales.

Competing risks models can involve more than one time scale. A relevant example is the study of mortality after a cancer diagnosis, where time since diagnosis but also age may jointly determine the hazards of death due to different causes. Multiple time scales have rarely been explored in the context of competing events.

Evolution, Complexity, and Life History Theory.

In this article, we revisit the longstanding debate of whether there is a pattern in the evolution of organisms towards greater complexity, and how this hypothesis could be tested using an interdisciplinary lens. We argue that this debate remains alive today due to the lack of a quantitative measure of complexity that is related to the teleonomic (i.e.

Perseverative Negative Thinking, Self-Control, and Executive Functioning in Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety: A Comprehensive Meta-Analysis of Competing Models.

In this meta-analysis, we synthesized existing research on perseverative negative thinking, self-control, and executive functioning to better define their etiologic role in symptoms of depression and anxiety. After a review of leading models of perseverative negative thinking, self-control, executive functioning, and depressive and anxious symptoms, the relevant associations were meta-analyzed as reported in cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. A total of 223 studies met the inclusion criteria, providing 239 independent samples (28 of which provided longitudinal data), = 50,987.

Quality of reported ages: A robust re-modification in Total Modified Whipple's Index.

In demographic research, the accuracy of the reported ages in surveys and censuses is a persistently important issue. The common indices developed and used to examine the quality of age data are Whipple, Myers, Bachi's, modified Whipple, and the total modified Whipple's index. The most commonly used and simplest to compute index is the original Whipple's index proposed by George Chandler Whipple.

Cohort mortality forecasts indicate signs of deceleration in life expectancy gains.

The fast-paced improvements in mortality in high-income countries since the early 1900s have led to a sustained increase in life expectancy. However, whether this linear trend will continue or life expectancy gains will decelerate in the near future remains unclear. To answer this question, we apply multiple established and recently developed mortality forecasting methods to estimate cohort life expectancy for individuals born between 1939 and 2000 in 23 high-income countries.

Children's out-of-home care in Finland, 1993-2020: lifetime risks, expectancies, exit routes, and number of placements for synthetic cohorts.

Background: Population level studies rarely include multiple dimensions of the out-of-home care (OHC) experience, which are important for understanding the nuanced experiences of children and families. Multiple dimensions of OHC journeys can be measured without birth cohort data using the synthetic cohort approach, which summarizes contemporary risks of OHC for a synthetic cohort.

Methods: We use register data on all children born in Finland in 1980-2020 (n = 2,747,803) and link them with the Register of Child Welfare (OHC episodes n = 305,045).

Association of parental education with adolescents' COVID-19 vaccine uptake: A nationwide register-based study in Finland.

Background: Evidence regarding the link between parental education and adolescents' COVID-19 vaccination status mostly originates from non-representative survey studies, and the results are mixed. Although some register-based studies have shown a positive association with higher parental education and adolescent COVID-19 vaccine uptake, the factors behind these differences remain largely unexplored.

Methods: We used total population-level Finnish register data on 12-17-year-olds (N = 360,281) linked with their parents and household members.

Willingness to Pay for the COVID-19 Vaccine and Its Correlates in Bangladesh: Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: The Government of Bangladesh offers COVID-19 vaccines at no cost; however, sustaining this free vaccination program for a large population poses significant challenges. Thus, assessing the willingness to pay (WTP) for the COVID-19 vaccine is essential for understanding potential pricing strategies, subsidy requirements, and vaccine demand.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of WTP for the COVID-19 vaccine and its correlates.

Inequalities in multimorbidity between native-born and immigrant older adults across Europe.

Immigrants with a chronic disease may have a higher burden of multimorbidity than their native-born counterparts due to the unique experiences in their origin and the receiving countries. In this study, we provide a descriptive overview of inequalities in multimorbidity between immigrant and native-born older adults with chronic diseases in Europe. Our analysis includes individuals aged 50-79 years who participated in the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) from Waves 2 through 9.

Disease accumulation and distribution across the lifespan in Swedish centenarians and non-centenarians: a nationwide life course comparison of longevity and health resilience.

Background: Previous research suggests that centenarians reach exceptional ages primarily by avoiding major diseases rather than surviving them. However, how they manage multiple conditions over the life course remains less understood. Examining the accumulation and distribution of diseases across lifespan can provide insights into mechanisms underlying their resilience.

From Criticism to Comfort: The Relational Benefits of Long-Term Care Insurance.

Objectives: The objective of this study is to examine whether potentially eligible individuals with Partnership Long-Term Care Insurance (PLTCI) program experience stronger social networks and improved interpersonal relationships compared to those without coverage.

Study Setting And Design: Our analysis utilizes data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), a longitudinal survey of U.S.

Spatial Trends in Mortality Convergence: The Cases of France, Italy, and Spain, 1975-2019.

Spatial differences in mortality are a significant source of inequality in low-mortality countries and are important for public health, regional planning, and subnational population forecasts. Long-term trends in geographic mortality inequalities remain poorly understood, especially from a comparative perspective. In this study, we examine trends in subnational mortality differences in France, Italy, and Spain from 1975 to 2019.

Seasonal patterns of long sickness absence due to 411 diagnostic groups: a nationwide register-based study in Finland during 2020-2023.

Aim: Seasonal patterns in sickness absence (SA) are little studied but crucially important to understand in order to design preventative measures and allocate resources. We aimed to identify seasonal patterns in long-term SA, that is, absences longer than 10 working days, due to different diagnostic groups.

Method: Long-term SA recipients on a monthly basis from 2020 through 2023 were analyzed (2,257,011 long-term SA recipients in total).

Health Trajectories of Independent and Dependent Centenarians: A Swedish Nationwide Cohort Study.

Background And Objectives: Although a large proportion of centenarians depend on assistance, many still live at home, independently or with a little formal long-term care. It is of interest to explore this group further and compare them to dependent centenarians.

Research Design And Methods: This register-based cohort included the entire Swedish centenarian population between 2020 and 2022.

Disease accumulation across birth cohorts in South Korea.

Objectives: This paper estimates rates and age-trajectories of disease accumulation across South Korean birth cohorts and assesses whether observed cohort differences persist after accounting for early-life exposures and adult characteristics.

Methods: Data were from eight waves of the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (2006-2020) and included 8,202 participants aged 50-74 years. Birth cohorts were defined by historical periods: Japanese annexation (1932-1944), Korean liberation (1945-1949), Korean War (1950-1953), and Post-war (1954-1961).

All-cause and cause-specific mortality attributable to educational inequalities in Spain.

Background: Socioeconomic inequalities in mortality give key information for public health preventive policies. We aim to assess the magnitude of educational inequalities in cause-specific mortality in Spain (2016-21).

Methods: We use mortality register and population exposure data for Spain for individuals aged 35-99 years for 2016-21.

The role of supply responses in public insurance expansion: evidence from the New Cooperative Medical Scheme in China.

In our study, we explore the relationship between the New Cooperative Medical Scheme (NCMS) - a significant health insurance expansion in rural China - and healthcare supply, utilizing a nationwide dataset spanning from 2004 to 2011. Our findings reveal notable positive supply-side responses to the NCMS insurance expansion, characterized primarily by a substantial increase in the number of inpatient beds at township health centers serving rural residents. Moreover, we estimate large increases in the number of county hospitals; however, these effects lack statistical significance.

Adult outcomes by parental, school and postcode aggregated income in childhood-A descriptive analysis of the cohorts 1981-1989 in Finland.

Monitoring the ways in which childhood socioeconomic environment is associated with adult outcomes is fundamental in terms of informing evidence-based debates. However, we know little about the cohort differences in the association of childhood income with adult outcomes in Finland, a country of low economic inequality and one of the most desegregated educational systems in the OECD countries. We use register data on cohorts born in 1981-89.

Assessing self-selection biases in Facebook-recruited online surveys: Evidence from the COVID-19 Health Behavior Survey.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, many primary data collection efforts relied on online surveys via social media recruitment. According to the leverage-salience theory, respondents' varying interest in the survey topic can lead to differential survey responses, potentially introducing biases. In this study, we investigate the potential impact of displaying the survey topic in the survey recruitment materials on survey responses.

Including the gender dimension of migration is essential to avoid systematic bias in migration predictions.

This study examines the theoretical and methodological limitations of migration research in understanding gender-specific trends of migration. In particular, theory-driven methods suffer from the gender blindness of migration theories, while data-driven methods suffer from the scarcity of gender disaggregated migration data. This research aims to evaluate how these dual limitations affect the accuracy of commonly used migration prediction models.

Forecasting life expectancy in São Paulo City, Brazil, amidst the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly increased mortality rates, disrupting historical trends and making it challenging to forecast future life expectancy levels. São Paulo, the first city in Brazil to report a COVID-19 case and death, saw a decrease of over four years in life expectancy at birth for males and over three years for females between 2019 and 2021. São Paulo has been at the forefront of the demographic transition in the country and experienced a nonlinear mortality decline over the twentieth century.

Differences in cause-specific mortality between healthcare workers and all other employees in Lithuania, 2011-2019.

Background: Healthcare workers face health risks, including stress, burnout, and communicable diseases, leading to higher mortality rates. However, excess mortality diminishes with better disease control and lifestyle factors.

Methods: The study is based on the aggregated census-linked mortality dataset provided by Statistics Lithuania.