Antithrombin-binding heparan sulfate is ubiquitously expressed in epithelial cells and suppresses pancreatic tumorigenesis.

3-O-sulfation of heparan sulfate (HS) is the key determinant for binding and activation of Antithrombin III (AT). This interaction is the basis of heparin treatment to prevent thrombotic events and excess coagulation. Antithrombin-binding HS (HSAT) is expressed in human tissues, but is thought to be expressed in the subendothelial space, mast cells, and follicular fluid.

Multi-omic analysis reveals a key BCAT1 role in mTOR activation by B-cell receptor and TLR9.

B-lymphocytes play major adaptive immune roles, producing antibody and driving T-cell responses. However, how immunometabolism networks support B-cell activation and differentiation in response to distinct receptor stimuli remains incompletely understood. To gain insights, we systematically investigated acute primary human B-cell transcriptional, translational and metabolomic responses to B-cell receptor (BCR), Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9), CD40-ligand (CD40L), interleukin-4 (IL4) or combinations thereof.

MicroRNA-mediated regulation of proliferation, lineage differentiation, and apoptosis in neural stem cells.

Neural stem cells (NSCs) are multipotent stem cells with self-renewal capacity, able to differentiate into all neural lineages of the central nervous system, including neurons, oligodendrocytes, and astrocytes; thus, their proliferation and differentiation are essential for embryonic neurodevelopment and adult brain homoeostasis. Dysregulation in these processes is implicated in neurological disorders, highlighting the need to elucidate how NSCs proliferate and differentiate to clarify the mechanisms of neurogenesis and uncover potential therapeutic targets. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression involved in many aspects of nervous system development and function.

Measuring multisubunit mechanics of geometrically programmed colloidal assemblies via cryo-EM multi-body refinement.

Programmable self-assembly has recently enabled the creation of complex structures through precise control of the interparticle interactions and the particle geometries. Targeting ever more structurally complex, dynamic, and functional assemblies necessitates going beyond the design of the structure itself, to the measurement and control of the local flexibility of the intersubunit connections and its impact on the collective mechanics of the entire assembly. In this study, we demonstrate a method to infer the mechanical properties of multisubunit assemblies using cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) and RELION's multi-body refinement.

Long COVID and Food Insecurity in US Adults, 2022-2023.

Importance: Long COVID (ie, post-COVID-19 condition) is a substantial public health concern, and its association with health-related social needs, such as food insecurity, remains poorly understood. Identifying modifiable risk factors like food insecurity and interventions like food assistance programs is critical for reducing the health burden of long COVID.

Objective: To investigate the association of food insecurity with long COVID and to assess the modifying factors of Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) participation and employment status.

Impact of substructure radiation dose on health-related quality of life in children with brain tumors: a Pediatric Proton/Photon Consortium Registry (PPCR) study.

Purpose: Cranial irradiation is associated with health-related quality of life (HRQoL) deficits in childhood cancer survivors. We investigated the relationship between radiation dose to brain substructures and HRQoL in children with brain tumors treated with proton beam therapy (PBT).

Methods: Data were obtained from children in the Pediatric Proton/Photon Consortium Registry who received PBT for primary brain tumors between 2015 and 2021.

Beech leaf disease reduces nitrogen retranslocation at leaf fall, altering litter chemistry.

Beech leaf disease (BLD) poses a serious threat to the health of beech forests throughout the northeastern USA and Canada. Caused by invasive nematodes, BLD first appeared in 2012 in Ohio and has rapidly spread eastward. We investigated the effects of BLD on leaf and litter chemistry and leaf litter decomposition rate from four infected beech stands in Falmouth, Massachusetts.

Individual alpha frequency tACS modifies the detection of space-time optical illusion.

Postdiction is a perceptual phenomenon where the perception of an earlier stimulus is influenced by a later one. This effect is commonly studied using the 'rabbit illusion', in which temporally regular, but spatially irregular, stimuli are perceived as equidistant. While previous research has focused on short inter-stimulus intervals (100-200 ms), the role of longer intervals, which may engage late attentional processes, remains unexplored.

Use of an IL-1 Inhibitor for Refractory Steroid-Dependent Lupus Pericarditis With Constrictive Physiology.

Background: Pericardial involvement is common in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and can lead to recurrent episodes. B cell-targeted therapies are commonly used in the treatment of SLE pericarditis. The management of recurrent lupus pericarditis refractory to B cell-targeted therapy remains challenging.

Real-world outcomes of neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy in patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer: Predictors of surgery, pathologic complete response, and event-free survival.

Background: Trials of neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy (chemoIO) have changed the standard of care for resectable nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study characterizes the outcomes of off-trial patients who received treatment with neoadjuvant chemoIO.

Methods: The authors analyzed records of patients with stage IB-III NSCLC who received neoadjuvant chemoIO with an intent to proceed to surgical resection at three US academic institutions.

Exploring Evidence-Based Recovery and Harm Reduction Programming for Hazardous Substance Use Among College Students: Paving the Way to Enhanced Accessibility.

Substance misuse among college students continues to rise, with polysubstance use becoming increasingly common. Alcohol remains the most prevalent substance, with heavy episodic and high-quantity drinking linked to serious consequences, including injuries, assaults, and deaths. Concurrent use of alcohol and cannabis, as well as other illicit drugs, further compounds risks to health, safety, and academic functioning.

Long-Term Functional Outcomes and Modes of Failure of Fresh Frozen Hemicondylar Allografts: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: Hemicondylar fresh frozen allografts address partial knee defects while preserving native anatomy and bone stock. This study evaluated long-term survival, failure modes, and functional outcomes following hemicondylar reconstruction.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of hemicondylar fresh frozen allograft reconstructions.

Comparing Performance of Large Language Model-Based Tools on Patient-Driven Glaucoma Inquiries.

Purpose: Large language models (LLMs) can assist patients who seek medical knowledge online to guide their own glaucoma care. Understanding the differences in LLM performance on glaucoma-related questions can inform patients about the best resources to obtain relevant information.

Methods: This cross-sectional study evaluated the accuracy, comprehensiveness, quality, and readability of LLM-generated responses to glaucoma inquiries.

Current and Developing Approaches for Facilitating Emergence from General Anesthesia.

Despite the widespread use of clinical anesthesia, the process of emergence from general anesthesia remains primarily driven by anesthetic elimination. Although emergence from general anesthesia is typically safe, prolonged delays strain resource-intensive settings and contribute to increased healthcare costs. In addition to improving access to care, providing clinicians with more precise control over emergence could offer diagnostic potential and improve patient outcomes.

V NMR Spectroscopy and Ring-Size Effects on Catalytic Oxidative Alcohol Dehydrogenation in {V(O)(μ-O)(pin)} Oligomers.

Previously published (NMe)[V(O)(μ-O)(pin)], has been shown to aerobically catalyze the oxidation of benzylic and allylic alcohols under mild conditions. Herein, we report syntheses of [V(O)(μ-O)(pin)] trimers, which are also active in OAD catalysis. Trimer formation requires an ammonium cation with at least two hydrogen atoms per cation (e.

A Neurosurgeon's Guide to Mobile Health Application Development With a Case Study for Cervical Myelopathy.

The integration of mobile health (mHealth) technologies is transforming neurosurgery. Despite its potential, many uses remain unrealized due to the unique challenges and complexity of developing mHealth technology. While neurosurgeons bring invaluable clinical expertise and an understanding of patient needs, the technical intricacies of application development often require collaboration with developers and computer scientists, a process that can feel unfamiliar and difficult to navigate.

Bayesian estimation of HIV acquisition dates for prevention trials.

Accurate timing estimates of when participants acquire HIV in HIV prevention trials are necessary for determining antibody levels at acquisition. The Antibody-Mediated Prevention (AMP) Studies showed that a passively administered broadly neutralizing antibody can prevent the acquisition of HIV from a neutralization-sensitive virus. We developed a pipeline for estimating the date of detectable HIV acquisition (DDA) in AMP Study participants using diagnostic and viral sequence data.

Clinical Impact of Continuation Versus Cessation of Antiviral Therapy in Chronic Hepatitis B: A Modelling Study With Implications for Hepatitis B Cure.

Discontinuing antivirals in chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) 'e' antigen negative infection can enhance HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) loss but risks complications. We modelled the clinical impact of discontinuing antivirals in chronic HBV. We developed a Markov state model with Monte Carlo simulation of chronic HBV to compare continuation of antiviral therapy with 3 strategies of cessation and reinitiation for: (1) virologic relapse, (2) clinical relapse, or (3) hepatitis flare.

The Prevalence of Scapholunate Signal Abnormalities on Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Background: Although trauma is a major cause of symptomatic scapholunate interosseous ligament (SLIL) pathology, many patients do not recall a specific injury or repetitive trauma. We report on: (1) the prevalence of SLIL signal changes in patients who underwent wrist magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for various indications; and (2) the prevalence of SLIL signal changes on MRI in patients without prior wrist trauma.

Methods: This is a retrospective study evaluating 1021 patients who underwent wrist MRI or magnetic resonance arthrogram.

Diversity-Oriented C-H Activation Reactions of the Naphthalene Scaffold.

Diversity-oriented synthesis (DOS) has emerged as an efficient strategy for constructing diverse compound libraries, facilitating hit or lead identification in the drug discovery process. In parallel, developing diverse transformations at different sites is an appealing strategy to expand the diversity of appendages on scaffolds. Owing to the availability of C-H bonds at multiple sites of pharmacophores, diversity-oriented C-H activation reactions are an ideal approach to realize this goal.