Long COVID and Food Insecurity in US Adults, 2022-2023.

Importance: Long COVID (ie, post-COVID-19 condition) is a substantial public health concern, and its association with health-related social needs, such as food insecurity, remains poorly understood. Identifying modifiable risk factors like food insecurity and interventions like food assistance programs is critical for reducing the health burden of long COVID.

Objective: To investigate the association of food insecurity with long COVID and to assess the modifying factors of Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) participation and employment status.

Association Between Frailty and Preoperative Decision-Making in Rectal Prolapse Repair.

Introduction: Abdominal and perineal repairs for rectal prolapse are offered to patients based on surgeon assessment of risk. Interpretations of risk can vary. We sought to understand how the preoperative Risk Analysis Index (RAI) score, a validated measure of frailty, aligned with our existing decision-making process for rectal prolapse repair.

Chronic oral methylphenidate plus fluoxetine treatment in adolescent rats increases cocaine self-administration.

Background: Depression and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder are known to be comorbid. Treatment of these commonly coexisting diseases typically involves the combined prescription of methylphenidate (MP), a psychostimulant, and fluoxetine (FLX), a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI). MP and cocaine have similar mechanisms of action and this study examined the effects of chronic treatment of MP combined with FLX on cocaine consumption in rats.

Core Descriptor Sets for Rectal Prolapse Outcomes Research Using a Modified Delphi Consensus.

Background: There is wide variation in prolapse care.

Objective: To determine core descriptor sets for rectal prolapse to enhance outcomes research.

Design: Descriptors for patients undergoing rectal prolapse surgery were generated through a systematic review and expert opinion.

A Pilot Study Examining the Association of Parental Stress and Household Food Insecurity with Dietary Quality in Pre-School-Aged Children.

Adequate dietary quality is necessary for children's appropriate development and may be influenced by family factors. This study with 24 healthy 3-5-year-old children assessed the associations of parental stress and household food insecurity (HFI) with a child's dietary quality. Parents completed three 24 h dietary recalls, and the Healthy Eating Index was calculated to assess dietary quality.

Age-dependent Microglial Disease Phenotype Results in Functional Decline in Gut Macrophages.

Background And Aims: Muscularis macrophages (MMs) are tissue-resident macrophages in the gut muscularis externa which play a supportive role to the enteric nervous system. We have previously shown that age-dependent MM alterations drive low-grade enteric nervous system inflammation, resulting in neuronal loss and disruption of gut motility. The current studies were designed to identify the MM genetic signature involved in these changes, with particular emphasis on comparison to genes in microglia, the central nervous system macrophage population involved in age-dependent cognitive decline.

The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Future of Nursing Scholars program: The scholar experience.

Background: Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Future of Nursing Scholars program used multi-pronged approach to support nurses completing accelerated PhD programs.

Purpose: The purpose of this manuscript was to describe scholars' experiences completing PhDs, their dissertation characteristics, program leadership development sessions, scholar perceptions of program components.

Methods: Of 201 scholars, 157 (78%) completed quantitative exit surveys, providing: satisfaction with doctoral programs and FNS curricula, types of dissertation data used, dissertation formats.

Combined Chronic Oral Methylphenidate and Fluoxetine Treatment During Adolescence: Effects on Behavior.

Background: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) can be comorbid with depression, often leading to the prescription of both methylphenidate (MP) and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressants, such as fluoxetine (FLX). Moreover, these drugs are often misused as cognitive enhancers. This study examined the effects of chronic oral co-administration of MP and FLX on depressive- and anxiety-like behaviors.

College Undergraduates in the Operating Room: an Educational Model for Early Surgical Education.

Unlabelled: Undergraduate pre-medical education in the USA has not traditionally offered opportunities for hands-on surgical education to college-level students. The absence of exposure has been studied, but an educational model to remedy this has not been shared. This course was designed to share a replicable model for college surgical education.

Ethical challenges of prospective clinical trials during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has created an unprecedented opportunity to reimagine clinical research. While much has been written about the challenges associated with generating real-world evidence during the COVID-19 pandemic, comparatively little attention has been paid to the ethical challenges facing patients, clinicians, researchers, and regulatory bodies.

Areas Covered: In this manuscript, we examine these challenges through the lens of informed consent and explore how the consenting process changes as our understanding of the disease is altered.

Non-ablative Er:YAG laser is an effective tool in the treatment arsenal of androgenetic alopecia.

Background: Up to 70% of the adult population worldwide is affected by androgenetic alopecia (AGA) hair loss. Laser therapy offers an addition or alternative to pharmaceutical and surgical treatment of hair regrowth, with non-ablative lasers being preferred over ablative lasers in terms of safety and downtime. Combining laser therapy with different topical agents may result in better hair regrowth.

Treatments Administered to the First 9152 Reported Cases of COVID-19: A Systematic Review.

The emergence of SARS-CoV-2/2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has created a global pandemic with no approved treatments or vaccines. Many treatments have already been administered to COVID-19 patients but have not been systematically evaluated. We performed a systematic literature review to identify all treatments reported to be administered to COVID-19 patients and to assess time to clinically meaningful response for treatments with sufficient data.