A scoping review of formal leadership training in maxillofacial surgery. Are we nurturing or neglecting tomorrow's leaders?

Leadership is increasingly recognised as an essential non-technical skill for effective surgical practice, particularly in oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMFS) due to its multidisciplinary nature and clinical scope. The aim of this review is to identify current leadership development opportunities available to UK OMFS specialty trainees, evaluate their sufficiency, and propose areas for improvement. A comprehensive search of published and grey literature was conducted, screening 2796 articles, with 18 meeting the inclusion criteria.

Metabolic cost of external work: a novel CPET parameter optimises characterisation of exercise performance in obese individuals.

Purpose: Both obesity and cardiorespiratory fitness are crucial determinants of symptoms and prognosis. However, interpreting the gold-standard cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) is complicated by increasing body size and varying body composition. We hypothesised that the 'metabolic cost of external work' (or oxygen uptake (ml/min)/workload (Watts); V̇O/W), a body weight-independent determinant of endurance capacity, would reflect metabolic health more accurately than V̇O alone.

Molecular landscape and clinical correlates of olfactory groove meningiomas: a multi-institutional study.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the clinical and radiological characteristics of olfactory groove meningiomas (OGMs) and their molecular profiles.

Methods: The authors performed targeted next-generation and whole-genome sequencing in 123 OGM samples collected from 4 international institutions, focusing on known meningioma-driver genes. They compared the molecular data with the clinical and radiographic features of the tumors.

Exploring the Association Between COVID-19 and Avascular Necrosis: A Systematic Review.

Avascular necrosis (AVN) has emerged as an extrapulmonary complication associated with COVID-19 and corticosteroids. This review aims to evaluate the association between COVID-19 infection, corticosteroid use, and the development of AVN. We conducted a systematic review following the PRISMA guidelines, searching five databases until May 30, 2024.

Endometriosis and menopausal health: An EMAS clinical guide.

Introduction: Endometriosis is a common gynecological condition, and problems may persist or develop after the menopause. Endometriosis or its treatment in premenopausal women may lead to premature or early menopause. Thus, it is imperative that healthcare providers are appropriately trained in management of endometriosis at the menopause and beyond.

An observational longitudinal study of congenital myasthenic syndromes.

Congenital Myasthenic Syndromes (CMS) are a group of inherited disorders characterised by fatigable muscle weakness. There are currently no validated outcome measures in CMS. We conducted a prospective exploratory observational study in 49 CMS patients.

Deep Learning Modeling to Differentiate Multiple Sclerosis From MOG Antibody-Associated Disease.

Background And Objectives: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is common in adults while myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) is rare. Our previous machine-learning algorithm, using clinical variables, ≤6 brain lesions, and no Dawson fingers, achieved 79% accuracy, 78% sensitivity, and 80% specificity in distinguishing MOGAD from MS but lacked validation. The aim of this study was to (1) evaluate the clinical/MRI algorithm for distinguishing MS from MOGAD, (2) develop a deep learning (DL) model, (3) assess the benefit of combining both, and (4) identify key differentiators using probability attention maps (PAMs).

Spontaneous retinal reattachment and novel vitreoretinal phenotype in muscle eye brain disease determined by fundus multimodal imaging.

IntroductionMuscle eye brain disease (MEB) is a rare, multi-systemic autosomal recessively inherited disorder of relevance to ophthalmologists. The aim of this report is to describe a novel ocular phenotype for a genetically confirmed MEB patient using retinal multi-modal imaging.Case descriptionWe report a case of 18-year-old male patient that was referred to our tertiary unit for management of retinal detachment.

A systematic review of outcomes reported in randomized controlled trials involving people with patellar dislocations.

Aims: The primary aims were to determine what outcome domains, outcome measurement instruments, and outcome measurement timepoints are reported in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving people with patellar dislocations. The secondary aims were to determine what primary outcomes were used and how a recurrent patellar dislocation was defined when this was used as an outcome.

Methods: We searched MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, the Cochrane Database of Controlled Trials, and trial registries (last search: January 2024) for RCTs evaluating treatments for people with a patellar dislocation irrespective of age or sex.

Adherence to Clinical Practice Guidelines for Management of Epithelial Precancerous Conditions and Lesions in the Stomach in Europe.

Background And Aims: The first international guideline for managing preneoplastic conditions of the stomach (MAPS I) was published in 2012, followed by an update (MAPS II) in 2019. As adherence to these guidelines remains uncertain, we evaluated adherence by comparing the management of preneoplastic gastric conditions before and after the introduction of MAPS I and II in selected European centers.

Methods: Patients data were retrieved from nine endoscopy units in seven European countries during three periods: pre-MAPS I (2010/2011), post-MAPS I (2017/2018), and post-MAPS II (2022/2023).

Longitudinal association between dysmenorrhoea in adolescence and chronic pain in adulthood: a UK population-based study.

Background: Dysmenorrhoea affects many adolescents and often goes untreated for various sociocultural reasons. Dysmenorrhoea frequently co-occurs with other chronic pain conditions, and adult women with dysmenorrhoea have greater sensory sensitivity compared with controls. We aimed to test the hypothesis that adolescent dysmenorrhoea leads to the development of general chronic pain, including pain outside the pelvis, by estimating the risk of chronic pain in adulthood following the experience of dysmenorrhoea at age 15 years.

Neurological involvement in children with familial Mediterranean fever: a systematic review.

Background: Although typical findings of familial Mediterranean fever (FMF), such as brief fever episodes and abdominal or chest pain, have been largely described, little is known about the neurological manifestations of the disease in childhood.

Methods: A systematic search of the literature was conducted in PubMed/Medline, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines, using MeSH terms related to FMF and neurological manifestations. Studies involving patients under 18 years of age diagnosed with FMF with neurological manifestations were included.

Enucleation for insulinoma: consolidating evidence through systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Pancreas-preserving procedures such as enucleation (EN) are indicated for select patients with insulinomas. Despite the increasing popularity of EN, no consensus has been reached on the preferred surgical approach for the management of insulinomas. The aim of this meta-analysis of proportions is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of EN for patients with pancreatic insulinoma.

An exploratory single-cell analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from vedolizumab-treated Crohn's disease patients identifies response-associated differences among the plasmacytoid dendritic cells and classical monocytes.

Background: Vedolizumab (VDZ) is a monoclonal antibody approved for the treatment of Crohn's disease (CD). Despite its efficacy, non-response to VDZ is common in clinical practice with no clear understanding of how it manifests. Here, we performed an exploratory study characterizing the cellular repertoire of responders and non-responders to VDZ during treatment.

Electromechanically Optimized Right Ventricular Pacing for Obstructive Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (EMORI-HCM).

Background: Many patients with symptomatic obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (oHCM) have devices capable of right ventricular pacing (RVP). Although pacing can reduce left ventricular outflow tract gradient (LVOTg), it can also reduce cardiac output, so its net effect is variable.

Objective: We tested whether electromechanical optimisation of the programmed atrio-ventricular delay (AVD) allows RVP to achieve a net benefit on symptoms.

Serum biomarkers of delirium in critical illness: a systematic review of mechanistic and diagnostic evidence.

Delirium is a frequent and serious complication of critical illness, yet its pathophysiological mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Serum biomarkers offer a potential avenue for improved diagnosis, risk stratification, and mechanistic insight. This systematic review synthesises evidence from 28 studies evaluating 54 serum biomarkers in relation to delirium among critically ill adult patients.

Safety and efficacy of neuroendoscopic lavage for the management of neonatal intraventricular haemorrhage.

Purpose: The optimal management for neonatal intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH) remains uncertain. Neuroendoscopic lavage (NEL) has gained interest as a method for removal of intraventricular haematoma and debris, with outcomes suggesting it to be safe and efficacious for reducing the requirement for ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) insertion. We present a large series assessing outcomes from NEL for neonatal IVH.

Effects of anticoagulation in patients with device-detected atrial fibrillation and multiple stroke risk factors: a win ratio analysis of the NOAH-AFNET 6 trial.

Aims: Patients with device-detected atrial fibrillation (DDAF) have a lower stroke risk than those with ECG-diagnosed AF, requiring careful evaluation of oral anticoagulation benefits vs. its inherent bleeding risk.

Methods And Results: An unmatched win ratio analysis was performed of the NOAH-AFNET 6 trial dataset, using components of the primary efficacy and safety outcomes of the trial.

Prevalence of Pulmonary Hypertension in Individuals With Heart Failure: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Aims: Heart failure (HF) is a leading cause of hospitalizations worldwide. HF can lead to pulmonary hypertension (PH) and co-occurrence of HF and PH is associated with a poor prognosis. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to estimate the prevalence of PH in patients with HF.

Development and validation of a postpartum cardiovascular disease risk prediction model in women incorporating reproductive and pregnancy-related predictors.

Background: Each year, over 700,000 pregnancies occur in the UK, with up to 10% affected by complications such as hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus. Pregnancy-related complications and reproductive factors are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) later in life. Our aim was to determine whether adding pregnancy factors to a prediction model with established CVD risk factors improves 10-year risk prediction of CVD in postpartum women, using QRISK®-3 as a benchmark model.

Impact of Cerebral Embolic Protection On Cognitive Function Following Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation: Data From the BHF PROTECT-TAVI Randomized Trial.

Background: In addition to the risk of stroke, patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) are susceptible to a decline in neurocognitive function. This may occur due to embolization of material (e.g.

Prognostic Value of Myocardial T1 Mapping and Extracellular Volume Fraction in Heart Failure: A Meta-Analysis.

Background: Heart failure (HF) is a global health burden. Myocardial fibrosis is a crucial promotor in HF progression which can be characterized noninvasively by cardiac magnetic resonance T1 mapping.

Objectives: This study aims to systemically evaluate the prognostic value of myocardial T1 mapping and extracellular volume fraction (ECV) covering the entire spectrum of HF through a meta-analysis.