The application of infrared spectroscopy and DFT calculations to better understand interactions between bosentan hydrate and sildenafil base induced by high energy ball milling.

In this study, infrared spectroscopy investigations in combination with DFT calculations were used to elucidate interactions between bosentan monohydrate (BOS) and sildenafil base (SIL) initiated under high energy ball milling. The research was focused mainly on the vibrational properties of their co-milled binary solid dispersions compared to the physical mixtures and single drugs. First, the stability and structure of sildenafil isomers were established.

The Hypoxia-Induced Chromatin Reader ZMYND8 Drives HIF-Dependent Metabolic Rewiring in Breast Cancer.

Breast cancer, a leading cause of mortality, exhibits significant heterogeneity across molecular subtypes, with tumor hypoxia contributing to poor therapeutic outcomes. The present study investigates the role of ZMYND8, a hypoxia-responsive epigenetic factor, in regulating carbohydrate metabolism in concert with HIF1α in breast cancer. In adherent cells as well as in 3D MCTS, ZMYND8 expression is elevated under hypoxic conditions.

Supporting patient-specific quality assurance with fast Monte Carlo at CCB proton therapy center.

Purpose: Experimental patient-specific quality assurance (PSQA) in proton therapy is a labor-intensive process requiring physical access to treatment rooms, beam time, and significant human resources. With the increasing complexity of treatment plans and the implementation of adaptive therapy, the need for efficient alternatives is pressing. Simulation-based techniques are proposed as a replacement or enhancement for experimental ones.

In vitro repositioning therapy with olaparib, temozolomide and oxaliplatin in glioblastoma cell lines: U118, U87, U251, H4 and human fibroblasts.

Background: Central nervous system (CNS) tumors, including gliomas, are among the most aggressive cancers, with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) being the most common and lethal. This study explores the potential of multidrug repositioning as a modern chemotherapy strategy for GBM cell lines. It combines the standard GBM chemotherapeutic temozolomide (TMZ) with olaparib (OLA) and oxaliplatin (OXA), both repurposed from other cancer types.

Exceptional plutonium accumulation in glacier mice and cryoconite in Icelandic glaciers.

This study comprehensively surveys artificial (Cs, Am, Pu, Pu) and natural (Pb) radionuclides in Icelandic glacier mice and cryoconite. Samples were collected from five glaciers in Iceland - Fjallsjökull, Falljökull, Kvíárjökull, Skaftafellsjökull, and Sólheimajökull - with glacier mice found only at the first three sites. Radionuclide concentrations in both glacier mice and cryoconite were slightly higher than those previously reported in Iceland.

Assessment of skeletal muscle deformability during clinical paralysis in EAE, a mouse model of multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) and its mouse model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), are neurodegenerative diseases associated with inflammation and demyelination of the central nervous system, often leading to severe motor deficits, including progressive paralysis and spasticity. Although the neurological aspects of MS and EAE are widely described, the influence of disease progression on skeletal muscle structure and mechanics remains a largely unexplored field. In the present study, we assessed skeletal muscle deformability during EAE-induced paralysis using atomic force microscopy (AFM), histological examination, and analysis of dystrophin and laminin expression in relation to EAE disease severity.

Capture-enhanced neutron irradiation to treat Alzheimer's disease: Design of a small animal set-up for future in-vivo experiments.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the accumulation of -Amyloid and proteins in the brain that causes dementia. To date, there is no cure capable of eradicating AD, so it is necessary to study a performing therapy. The NECTAR project aims to investigate an extension of the conventional Boron Neutron Capture Therapy principles as a possible treatment for AD at different scales (protein, cells, animal).

A Universal Voltage-Enhancement Strategy Based on Multifunctional Ligand-Mediated Modulation for Na-Layered Oxide Cathode.

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have emerged as promising energy storage solutions due to resource abundance and low cost, yet their practical deployment is hindered by limited operating voltages of cathode materials. Herein, we propose a universal ligand-field engineering strategy to enhance voltage through electronic structure modulation in transition metal oxides. Using the NaMgMnO as a model system, weak-field ligands are introduced to alter the coordination environment of MnO octahedra.

Body Mass Index Impacts on Gray Matter Volume in Developmental Restrictive Anorexia Nervosa: A Voxel-Based Morphometry Study.

Previous magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) investigations reported brain alterations in anorexia nervosa restricting type (AN-R); however, the number of existing structural neuroimaging studies in the developmental age is limited. Here, we analyzed the volumetric brain differences between adolescent patients with AN-R and control peers, and possible correlations between brain volumes and clinical features. The sample comprised 47 adolescent females with AN-R (mean age: 15.

Preparation of pH-Responsive PET TeMs by Controlled Graft Block Copolymerisation of Styrene and Methacrylic Acid for the Separation of Water-Oil Emulsions.

To develop membranes capable of efficient and switchable emulsion separation under variable pH conditions, pH-responsive surfaces were engineered on poly(ethylene terephthalate) track-etched membranes (PET TeMs) via a two-step UV-initiated RAFT graft polymerization process. Initially, polystyrene (PS) was grafted to render the surface hydrophobic, followed by the grafting of poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA) to introduce pH-responsive carboxyl groups. Optimized conditions (117 mM MAA, RAFT:initiator 1:10, 60 min UV exposure at 10 cm) resulted in PET TeMs-g-PS-g-PMAA surfaces exhibiting tunable wettability, with contact angles shifting from 90° at pH 2 to 65° at pH 9.

Beyond Oxidation: Engineering Functional Anodised Metal Matrices Through Molecular and Surface Modifications.

Anodised metal matrices represent a versatile and multifunctional platform for the development of advanced materials with tunable physicochemical properties. Through electrochemical oxidation processes-commonly referred to as anodisation-metals such as aluminium, titanium, niobium, zinc and tantalum can be transformed into structured oxide layers with defined porosity, thickness and surface morphology. These methods enable the fabrication of ordered nanoporous arrays, nanotubes and nanowires, depending on the process parameters and the type of metal.

Electron Beam Irradiation for Efficient Antibiotic Degradation in Aqueous Solutions.

Recently, extensive use of antibiotics has increased the amount of antibiotic residues in the natural water environment. This study presents an experimental investigation into the degradation of penicillins, tetracyclines, streptomycin and chloramphenicol in aqueous solutions when exposed to 1 MeV accelerated electrons with doses of 0.1, 1, 3 and 7 kGy using HPLC-HRMS analysis.

Assessment of the Safety of THz Irradiation on the Morphofunctional Characteristics of Rabbit Corneas.

The morphofunctional characteristics of rabbit corneas were studied after terahertz (THz) irradiation at a frequency of 2.3 THz with varying durations (15 or 30 min) or intensities (0.012 mW/cm (38°C), 0.

Carborane-Containing Iron Oxide@Gold Nanoparticles for Potential Application in Neutron Capture Therapy.

Cancer remains one of the most pressing global health challenges, driving the need for innovative treatment strategies. Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) offers a highly selective approach to destroying cancer cells while sparing healthy tissues. To improve boron delivery, FeO@Au nanoparticles were developed and functionalized with a boron-containing carborane compound.

Carbon Restrains the Precipitation of Cu-Rich Nanoparticles in CuFeMnNi HEAs.

In this study, we report a strategy to suppress the formation of large Cu-rich particles by adding excessive interstitial carbon into CuFeMnNi high-entropy alloys. With the increase in C contents in the CuFeMnNi HEAs annealed at 1000 °C, the size and area fraction of the submicron Cu-rich particles markedly decreased. Of note, the CuFeMnNi 1.

Search for a Neutral Gauge Boson with Nonuniversal Fermion Couplings in Vector Boson Fusion Processes in Proton-Proton Collisions at sqrt[s]=13 TeV.

The first search for a heavy neutral spin-1 gauge boson (Z^{'}) with nonuniversal fermion couplings produced via vector boson fusion processes and decaying to tau leptons or W bosons is presented. The analysis is performed using LHC data at sqrt[s]=13  TeV, collected from 2016 to 2018 with the CMS experiment and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138  fb^{-1}. The data are consistent with the standard model predictions.

Precision Measurement of the Branching Fraction of D^{+}→μ^{+}ν_{μ}.

Using 20.3  fb^{-1} of e^{+}e^{-} collision data collected at a center-of-mass energy of E_{c.m.

In silico evaluation of the potential of very high energy electrons delivered in both conventional and FLASH regimes for the SBRT treatment of pancreatic cancer: A report of three case studies.

Background And Purpose: As the incidence and mortality rates of pancreatic cancer continue to rise, the search for effective treatments is becoming increasingly urgent. Among the therapeutic approaches, highly hypofractionated stereotactic treatments are being explored. This paper explores the potential of Very High Energy Electrons (VHEE) in the range of 80-130 MeV, in light of recent advances in compact accelerator technology and its compatibility with ultra-high dose rate (UHDR) delivery.

Pd-Lined Strained Trimetallic Au-Ag-Pd Nanoprism for Enhanced Electrocatalytic Activity Towards Formic Acid Oxidation.

Formic acid oxidation (FAO) reaction is an important electrocatalytic reaction in low-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Pd-based material has a superior electrochemical activity towards FAO. The activity of Pd-based bimetallic materials is also well-studied in the literature.

Calculation of effective pump dose in X-ray-pump/X-ray-probe experiments.

In pump-probe experiments on solid materials performed within ultrafast X-ray science, the energy deposited by an X-ray pump pulse in the sample has a non-uniform spatial distribution. The following X-ray probe pulse then measures a volume-integrated average of contributions from the differently irradiated regions of the sample. Here we propose a scheme to calculate an effective fluence of the pump pulse such that the observable of interest calculated with the effective fluence is very close to the volume-integrated observable.

Spin-Crossover Nanoparticles in Electrospun Polymers: A Route to Bistable Materials for Smart Textiles.

Developing strategies that transform crystalline molecular materials into processable forms is crucial for enabling their manipulation and integration into devices. This challenge is particularly relevant for bistable systems such as spin-crossover nanoparticles, which are often difficult to handle. Embedding these nanoparticles into organic polymers has emerged as a promising way to overcome these limitations.

Classical annealing of the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick spin glass using Suzuki-Kubo mean-field Ising dynamics.

We propose and demonstrate numerically a fast classical annealing scheme for the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick (SK) spin glass model, employing the Suzuki-Kubo mean-field Ising dynamics (supplemented by a modified Thouless-Anderson-Palmer reaction field). The resultant dynamics, starting from any arbitrary paramagnetic phase (with local magnetizations m_{i}=±1, for the ith spin, and the global magnetization m=0), takes the system quickly to an appropriate state with small local values of magnetization (m_{i}) commensurate with the (frustrated) interactions. As the temperature decreases with the annealing, the configuration practically remains (in an effective adiabatic way) close to a low-energy configuration as the magnitudes of m_{i}'s and the spin glass order parameter q grow to unity.

Flat or crumpled: States of active symmetric membranes.

We set up and study the hydrodynamic theory for inversion-symmetric active fluid and tethered membranes. For some choices of the activity parameter, such membranes are stable and described by linear hydrodynamic equations, which are exact in the asymptotic long wavelength limit, giving stable flat phases with translational quasi-long-range orders. For other choices of the activity parameter, the system is linearly unstable in the long wavelength limit, implying crumpling, or has intermediate wave-vector instabilities, suggesting patterns.

Rough or crumpled: Strong coupling phases of a generalized Kardar-Parisi-Zhang surface.

We study a generalized Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) equation [Jana et al., Phys. Rev.

Observation of the Very Rare Σ^{+}→pμ^{+}μ^{-} Decay.

The first observation of the Σ^{+}→pμ^{+}μ^{-} decay is reported with high significance using proton-proton collision data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5.4  fb^{-1}, collected with the LHCb detector at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. A yield of 237±16  Σ^{+}→pμ^{+}μ^{-} decays is obtained, where the uncertainty is statistical only.