From Growth to Survival: Aux/IAA Genes in Plant Development and Stress Management.

Auxin, one of the earliest recognized and extensively investigated phytohormones, is crucial in plant growth and survival in adverse environmental conditions. Two gene families primarily regulate auxin signaling: auxin response factors (ARFs) and auxin/indole-3-acetic acid (Aux/IAA). Aux/IAA family proteins are recognized as essential elements of the nuclear auxin signaling system, inhibiting gene transcription in their presence and facilitating gene activation upon their degradation.

Oligosaccharides: a comprehensive review of various types, biological activities and emerging health benefits.

Oligosaccharides (OS's) have gained significant attention as functional food ingredients due to their diverse health-promoting properties and broad industrial applicability. OS support the maintenance and proliferation of beneficial gut microbiota, thereby contributing to improved gastrointestinal health. Beyond their prebiotic functions, OS serve as low-calorie sweeteners and stabilizers while aiding in the prevention of dental caries, modulation of immune responses, regulation of blood glucose and lipid profiles, enhancement of mineral bioavailability, and exertion of antioxidant effects.

Elicitation with CaCl and SNP enhance antioxidant defense and regulate transcriptional changes in drought-stressed saffron.

Calcium chloride and sodium nitroprusside mitigate PEG-induced drought in saffron by enhancing antioxidant defense, osmolyte levels, and stress-responsive genes expression, promoting resilience and adaptive growth. While calcium ions (Ca) and nitric oxide (NO), are key signalling mediators, which enhance plant's ability to survive abiotic stress, their definitive role in enhancement of drought tolerance in saffron is not fully studied yet. We aim to examine the effect of different concentration of calcium chloride (CaCl) (25, 50, 75 mM) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) (25, 50, 100 µM) on saffron cultured on MS media containing 10% polyethylene glycol (PEG) for 30 days.

Abscisic acid-mediated modulation of morpho-physiological traits and transcript accumulation improves drought resilience in Crocus sativus L.

Drought is a major abiotic factor leading to decreased productivity. The current study investigates the effects of prolonged drought stress and subsequent recovery in Crocus sativus L. through the exogenous application of abscisic acid (ABA) under field conditions in the Dhauladhar range of the Himalayan region.

Trade-off between rice epigenome and cold adaptation.

Environmentally induced epigenetic changes have no hereditary stability in plants. Recently, Song et al. revealed a trade-off between rice's epigenome and cold adaptation, bridging the gap between environmental response and heritable epigenetic stability to breed cold-resilient rice, facilitating geographical expansion.

Downregulation of Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 Beta by Urtica dioica L. Contributes to Neuroprotection Against Aluminum Chloride-Mediated Neurotoxicity in Zebrafish Larvae.

Urtica dioica L. (U. dioica; Family Urticaceae) has been utilized since ancient times, both as a nutritional source and for its therapeutic properties in addressing multiple disease conditions.

Unveiling transcriptional regulation underpinning chilling and frost stress response in Trans-Himalayan Hippophae tibetana L.

Hippophae tibetana is an enigmatic least explored Seabuckthorn species, with exceptional adaptability to sub-zero temperatures in Trans-Himalayan region. This study integrates physiological and transcriptional profiling to understand its unique cold stress resilience. The physiological assessment including chlorophyll content, relative water content, and electrolyte leakage were least affected during the early response (ER) of cold stress as compared to prolonged (PR) and freeze response (FR), which was effectively restored during the recovery phase (RR).

Investigating RND efflux pumps in P4: the role of nonpathogenic bacteria in antibiotic resistance gene spread amid environmental contamination.

The widespread and inappropriate application of antibiotics across human and veterinary medicine has generated pressing global health threats, principally the emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and the contamination of the environment with antibiotics. A fundamental mechanism fueling environmental AMR is the proliferation and horizontal dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), with efflux transporter proteins functioning as central intermediaries. Surprisingly, nonpathogenic bacteria, which are usually regarded as harmless, now pose a substantial risk to society due to the presence of efflux transporters, which make them AMR contributors.

EGFR: a predictive machine learning model for assessing small molecule activity against the epidermal growth factor receptor.

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a membrane-bound protein that interacts with epidermal growth factor, triggering receptor dimerization and tyrosine autophosphorylation, subsequently promoting cell proliferation. EGFR-associated pathways regulate cell housekeeping functions like growth, division, and apoptosis. However, the mutations/overexpression of EGFR cause unrestrained cell differentiation, leading to tumorigenesis.

Unleasing the potential of seaweed biostimulants-a comparative evaluation for enhancing saffron (Crocus sativus L.) yield with different corm sizes in the Western Himalayas.

Background: Biostimulants, particularly those derived from seaweeds, are gaining increasing attention in agricultural practices due to their potential to enhance plant growth, productivity, and stress tolerance. Saffron, a high-value crop, faces challenges in yield optimization and environmental sustainability. In this context, the present study aimed to evaluate the effects of minimally processed homogenates (MPHs) of two red seaweed-derived species, Solieria chordalis (C.

Naturally Occurring Epialleles and Their Roles in Response to Climate Change in Birch.

Epigenetics has been proposed to be an important mechanism that enables plant species to respond and adapt to environmental and climatic fluctuations and is sometimes entirely uncoupled from genetic variation. Nevertheless, the extent of this uncoupling and the contribution of epigenetics to plant responses to global climate change have not been well studied, particularly in forest trees. Here, we generated a high-quality genome assembly for Betula platyphylla, a key pioneer species in temperate and boreal forest ecosystems, one of the most sensitive areas to global warming.

Ameliorative effect of Inula racemosa Hook. F root extract against diethylnitrosamine induced hepatic damage in murine model.

Background: Liver disease is one of the most serious health problems worldwide. In the present scenario, the available therapies for liver ailments are not very effective and systemic toxicity inhibits their long-term use. Several medicinal plants have demonstrated promising effects against liver damage.

A Review on Novel Formulations and Delivery Systems of Botanical Insecticides for Enhanced Efficacy.

The increasing demand for eco-friendly pest management solutions has sparked a renewed interest in botanical insecticides. These plant-based insecticides offer a more sustainable option compared to synthetic chemicals, minimizing harm to non-target organisms. Nevertheless, certain challenges like rapid degradation, low stability, and limited efficacy in field conditions have hindered their extensive adoption.

Plant-derived triterpenoid saponins: multifaceted roles and bioengineering prospects.

Saponins are plant secondary metabolites synthesized through the triterpenoid biosynthetic pathway by a series of modifications, including acylation, glycosylation, and oxidation of β-amyrin, a product of 2,3-oxidosqualene. They are classified into triterpenoid saponins and steroidal saponins, exhibiting diverse bioactivities and applications in the pharmaceuticals, agriculture, cosmetics, and food industries. Beyond their industrial relevance, saponins play a crucial role in plant defense, stress tolerance, and shaping of rhizosphere microbiota.

Advances in Transition Metal-Catalyzed Carbonylation Reactions for α,β-Unsaturated Carbonyls: Applications, Challenges, and Opportunities.

Over the past two decades, transition metal-catalyzed carbonylative reactions have revolutionized the synthesis of α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds. These innovative, atom-economic transformations elegantly incorporate CO moiety into readily available substrates as well as complex molecules to produce a wide array of valuable compounds, including carboxylic acids, esters, ketones, amides, aldehydes, and cyclic carbonyls. These versatile products have immense applications in material science, pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and fine chemicals.

Development of nucleic acid extraction-free one-step real-time RT-PCR for diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Introduction: The aim of this study is to develop a one-step real-time PCR assay for SARS-CoV-2 detection. The study was designed to circumvent the routine RNA isolation step and to optimize a lysis buffer and parameters for direct quantitative PCR.

Methodology: A lysis solution was prepared using Tween-20, Triton X-100, EDTA, and Tris buffer (pH 7.

Comparative genomics and functional analysis of Rahnella sp. PCH160 revealed metal stress tolerance and plant growth-promotion traits.

Heavy metals (HM) are rapidly emerging as the primary pollutants in agriculture, posing significant environmental and health concerns. Employing heavy metal tolerant plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) for the remediation of HM-induced phytotoxicity is a sustainable and effective strategy. This study investigates a putative novel plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium (PGPR) Rahnella sp.

Genome wide analysis of Priestia aryabhattai_OP, an endobacterium, modulating growth, development and biochemical compositions of sporophores in edible oyster mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus (MTCC 1802).

The increasing global interest in the consuming and producing of edible oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus spp.) is driven by their well-documented nutritional and health benefits. The metagenomic analysis of fruiting body revealed a distinct microbial composition in P.

Development and characterization of α-Lipoic acid amorphous solid dispersion for improved oral bioavailability and modulation of allergic airway inflammation.

α-Lipoic acid (LA), a naturally occurring antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent, has limited aqueous solubility and bioavailability which hinder its clinical application. To overcome these limitations, in this study, we have developed LA solid dispersion (LASD) using soluplus (SOL) to improve its oral bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy for modulating ovalbumin-lipopolysaccharide (OVA-LPS)-induced allergic airway inflammation. LASD was prepared using lyophilization technique and optimized based on solid-state characterizations.

A Unique Morpho-Physiological, Metabolomics, and Transcriptional Shift Under Combined Drought and Salinity Stress in Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni.

Stevia rebaudiana, a major source of plant-derived natural low/non-calorie sweeteners (LNCSs), steviol glycosides (SGs), faces severe economic consequences due to environmental stresses like drought (D), particularly when combined with salinity (S). In the present study, integration of 936 million high-quality transcriptional reads with morpho-physiological (eight parameters) and metabolomics (targeted, untargeted) analysis has successfully explicated the combined drought and salinity (CDS) stress responses in S. rebaudiana.

Computational Approach for Detection and Analysis of Human-Virus Protein-Protein Interactions.

The realm of host-pathogen interactions (HPIs) spans a diverse spectrum of biological occurrences. Within this domain, hosts are represented by both humans and plants, while pathogens encompass a variety of agents, such as viruses, fungi, and bacteria. These interactions serve as foundational elements in the fields of immunology, microbiology, pathology, and medicine.

Recent Pathophysiological Insights Are Advancing the Treatment of Venous Thromboembolism.

Venous thromboembolism, defined as deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, is the third leading cause of cardiovascular deaths globally. Long-term complications of unresolved venous thrombi include post-thrombotic syndrome in the legs and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. As the venous thrombus ages, the acute, fibrin, and red blood cell-rich composition changes to a chronic cellular, fibrotic mass that does not respond to presently available therapeutic approaches.

Naganishia liquefaciens ARY7, a Psychrophilic Yeast Endophyte Improves Plant Low Temperature Acclimation Through Auxin and Salicylic Acid Signaling.

Understanding how plant-associated yeasts mediate plant fitness under environmental stress remains mostly elusive. Here, the role of auxin and salicylic acid (SA)-producing psychrophilic yeast endophyte Naganishia liquefaciens strain ARY7, isolated from the roots of cold-desert plant Arnebia euchroma, was investigated for low temperature (LT; 10°C) tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana. ARY7-inoculated plants had higher biomass, exhibited higher photosynthetic efficiency, starch accumulation, and reduced stress-responsive parameters at 10°C than their non-inoculated controls.

Insecticidal Activities and Mechanism of Action of Steroidal Saponins from Trillium govanianum Wall. ex D. Don Against Plutella xylostella (L.) and Aphis craccivora Koch.

Diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.), is a major pest of cruciferous crops, whereas Aphis craccivora is a major sucking pest of leguminous crops. Indiscriminate use of synthetic insecticides for the control of insect pests leads to insecticide resistance, harmful to natural enemies of pests, pollinators, the environment, and consumers' health.