Downregulation of Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 Beta by Urtica dioica L. Contributes to Neuroprotection Against Aluminum Chloride-Mediated Neurotoxicity in Zebrafish Larvae.

Urtica dioica L. (U. dioica; Family Urticaceae) has been utilized since ancient times, both as a nutritional source and for its therapeutic properties in addressing multiple disease conditions.

Management and Outcomes of Chronic Hepatitis B in Pregnancy: A Retrospective Study from a Tertiary Center in Singapore.

Introduction Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a leading cause of chronic viral hepatitis, particularly in Asia. Vertical transmission during pregnancy is a key contributor to chronic HBV prevalence, and maternal screening with HBV DNA quantification enables the identification of high-risk cases. Antiviral therapy is recommended for pregnant women with HBV DNA levels >200,000 IU/mL to reduce the risk of perinatal transmission.

A prospective study on clinical determinants enabling artificial intelligence-assisted diagnosis of lumbar disc prolapse.

Prolapsed intervertebral disc (PIVD) of the lumbar region is a major cause of low back pain, accounting for a large proportion of morbidity and healthcare expenditure. While MRI is the gold standard for diagnosis, its unavailability and high cost in developing nations require a clinical method for the identification of PIVD. Artificial intelligence (AI) based diagnostic systems provide an alternative, but current models are based largely on radiological rather than clinical parameters.

Rapid whole-blood immune profiling reveals heterogeneous HBV-specific T cell response patterns independent of clinical disease phases.

Background & Aims: There is an unmet need for immunological biomarkers in chronic HBV infection (CHB), where patient management relies on virological and biochemical markers despite the crucial role of virus-specific T cells in controlling viral replication and disease progression. Here, we developed the HBV-cytokine release assay (HBV-CRA), a rapid, point-of-care test, to define whether HBV-specific T cell functional patterns are linked with conventional disease phase classifications.

Methods: Peptides covering pan-genotype HBV proteomes were utilized to trigger cytokine release by HBV-specific T cells in whole blood.

Estimating physical conditions supporting gradients of ATP concentration in the eukaryotic cell.

The ATP molecule serves as an energy currency in eukaryotes (and all life), providing the energy needed for many essential cellular processes. But the extent to which substantial spatial differences exist in ATP concentration in the cell remains incompletely known. It is variously argued that ATP diffuses too quickly for large gradients to be established, or that the high rates of ATP production and use (sources and sinks) can support large gradients even with rapid diffusion-and microscopic models and detailed experiments in different specific cases support both pictures.

Advancements in neuroblastoma treatment: FDA-approved drugs and role of phytochemicals.

Neuroblastoma (NB) is a solid Pediatric tumor that forms in immature nerve cells. Commonly affecting the adrenal glands, spinal cord, or neck. This cancer is prevalent in children under five years old and accounts for over 15% of cancer-related deaths in this age group.

Real-world Prevalence of Hepatitis B Reactivation in Patients With Resolved Hepatitis B Receiving Rituximab and Non-rituximab-based Immunosuppressive Therapy Without Chemoprophylaxis.

Background: Hepatitis B virus reactivation (HBVr) can occur in patients with resolved hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection receiving immunosuppressive therapy. The class of immunosuppression influences HBV reactivation (HBVr) risk, with B-cell depleting agents such as Rituximab conferring a higher risk. The presence of hepatitis B surface antibodies (HBsAb) may be protective against HBVr.

A contemporary overview on quantum dots-based fluorescent biosensors: Exploring synthesis techniques, sensing mechanism and applications.

In the epoch of bioinformatics, pivotal biomedical scrutiny and clinical diagnosis hinge upon the unfolding of highly efficacious biosensors for intricate and targeted identification of specific biomolecules. In pursuit of developing robust biosensors endowed with superior sensitivity, precise selectivity, rapid performance, and operational simplicity, semiconductor QDs have been acknowledged as pivotal and advantageous entities. In this review, we present a comprehensive analysis of the latest unfolding within the domain of QDs used in fluorescent biosensors for the detection of diverse biomolecular entities, encompassing proteins, nucleic acids, and a range of small molecules, with an emphasis on the synthesis methodologies of QDs employed and mechanism behind sensing.

Fabrication of Stable Ru-Doped NiSe Nanostructures for Photovoltaic Coupled Electrochemical Water Splitting in Alkaline Medium.

Development of a competent and stable electrocatalyst coupled with photovoltaic system for the generation of green hydrogen, can be a plausible answer to the existing energy crisis. Herein, we have developed Ru doped NiSe via hydrothermal method as a bifunctional catalyst for overall water splitting coupled with photovoltaic system. The developed pristine and doped samples were thoroughly characterized by various techniques.

Neuronal nitric oxide synthase activation by tadalafil protects neurological impairments in a zebrafish larva model of hyperammonemia.

Aims: Hyperammonaemia (HA) is a metabolic disorder characterized by increased ammonia levels in the blood and is associated with severe neurological impairments. Some previous findings have shown the involvement of the nitric oxide pathway in HA-induced neurological impairments. The current study explored the impact of tadalafil on neurological impairments induced by HA in a zebrafish larval model due to its reported indirect interactions with the nitric oxide pathway.

A smartphone-enabled colorimetric sensor based on VS quantum dots for Rapid and on-site detection of ferric ions.

This research delves into the holistic hydrothermal synthesis of VS QDs and their subsequent utilization as a fluorescent probe for the subtle detection of ferric ions (Fe) in practical sample matrices. The detection paradigms harness a colorimetric sensing mechanism, amplified by smartphone-enabled analytical integration for improved precision and real-time monitoring. A comprehensive suite of analytical characterization techniques has been employed, revealing that the as-synthesized VS QDs feature a surface densely populated with functional groups.

Ultra-high voltage gain achieved with quadratic DC/DC converter design.

This work introduces a novel DC/DC converter with an incredibly high voltage gain, specifically designed for renewable energy generating systems. The proposed circuit features a coupled inductor integrated with a quadratic boost circuit and a voltage multiplier cell to achieve a substantial step-up in voltage gain. Ultra-high voltage gain, minimum reverse recovery in diodes, low voltage stress on switching devices, continuous input current, and a shared ground between the input source and output load are some of this topology's key features.

A qualitative analysis to identify the issues of tuberculosis management in tribal areas of Rajasthan.

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a disease with social issue. Tribal people are disproportionately affected by TB. There is a scarcity of data on issues of TB management among the tribal groups of India.

Resilience of aerobic sludge biomass under chlorpyrifos stress and its recovery potential.

Non-agricultural sources of pesticides in urban areas are responsible for their presence in domestic wastewater. Therefore, pesticides are typically found in sewage treatment plants in developed and developing countries as micro-pollutant. The presence of pesticides in the wastewater can impart stress on the aerobic sludge biomass and disrupt the functioning of the plant.

Echocardiographic and Angiographic Assessment of Right Ventricular Function and Right Coronary Artery Stenosis in Acute Inferior Wall Myocardial Infarction.

Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a global concern. CVD remains a primary cause of death despite reduced coronary heart disease death rates. Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) involves myocardial infarction (MI) and unstable angina, sharing mechanisms such as plaque instability.

Behavior of higher-order MDD on energy ratios at the interface of thermoelastic and piezothermoelastic mediums.

This paper investigates the intricate energy distribution patterns emerging at an orthotropic piezothermoelastic half-space interface by considering the influence of a higher-order three-phase lags heat conduction law, accompanied by memory-dependent derivatives (referred to as HPS) within the underlying thermoelastic half-space (referred to as TS). This study explores the amplitude and energy ratios of reflected and transmitted waves. These waves span various incident types, including longitudinal, thermal, and transversal, as they propagate through the TS and interact at the interface.

A Case of Inflammatory Pseudotumour Masquerading as Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Inflammatory pseudotumors (IPTs) of the liver can mimic malignant lesions. As the name implies, they are usually associated with an inflammatory process and usually regress with the treatment of the underlying pathology. We report a case of a 67-year-old female who presented with right upper quadrant pain, deranged liver enzymes, elevated tumor markers [alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and CA 19-9], and a large liver mass on imaging, suspected to be hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Fagopyrum tataricum (L.) Gaertn interacts with Gsk-3β/Nrf-2 signalling to protect neurotoxicity in a zebrafish model.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Fagopyrum tataricum (L.) Gaertn is used as a folk medicine in many Asian countries due to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and several other health-promoting properties. It is also prescribed to improve neurocognitive functions and alleviate inflammatory conditions.

Application of triangular duct in solar-assisted air-heating system with surface roughness: a numerical investigation.

The device called solar air heater (SAH) is used to collect and transfer solar-thermal energy to air that can further be used for space heating, drying, etc. The conventional air heater (solar-assisted) has poor performance, and with this work, an attempt has been made to improve its performance by providing surface roughness over the heated surface. The roughness employed over the surface has an elliptical cavity, and its distribution over the heated surface is defined with the three parameters (dimensionless): relative flow-wise distance (ranging from 6 to 14), relative cavity depth (ranging from 0.

Investigation of memory influences on bio-heat responses of skin tissue due to various thermal conditions.

Advancement of new technologies such as laser, focused ultrasound, microwave and radio frequency for thermal therapy of skin tissue has increased numerous challenging situations in medical treatment. In this article, a new meticulous bio-heat transfer model based on memory-dependent derivative with dual-phase-lag has been developed under different thermal conditions such as thermal shock and harmonic-type heating. Laplace transform method is acquired to perceive the analytical consequences.

Lithium co-administration with rutin improves post-stroke neurological outcomes via suppressing Gsk-3β activity in a rat model.

Cerebral ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of adult disability worldwide. Reperfusion is the only therapeutic option with a lot of side effects. In the current study, we investigated the efficacy of rutin and lithium co-treatment in improving post-stroke neurological outcomes in a transient global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury rat model.

Enhance photoluminescence properties of Ca-Eu:YO@SiO core-shell nanomaterial for the advanced forensic and LEDs applications.

The divalent (Ca)-doped Eu:YO@SiO core-shell luminescent nanophosphors have been synthesised by a cost-effective combustion technique. Various characterizations were carried out to confirm the successful formation of the core-shell structure. The TEM micrograph reveals the thickness of the SiO coating over Ca-Eu:YO as ∼25 nm.

Buckwheat tartary regulates the Gsk-3β/β-catenin pathway to prevent neurobehavioral impairments in a rat model of surgical menopause.

Menopause is a natural aging process characterized by decreased levels of sex hormones in females. Deprivation of estrogen following menopause results in alterations of dendritic arborization of the neuron that leads to neurobehavioral complications. Hormone replacement therapy is in practice to manage postmenopausal conditions but is associated with a lot of adverse effects.