Cytokine release syndrome risk model with T-cell engaging therapies.

Background: Cytokine release syndrome (CRS) is an adverse event associated with T-cell engaging (TCE) immuno-oncology therapies such as chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-T), bispecific TCE antibodies and dual-affinity retargeting proteins.

Objective: To develop a model to predict the preinfusion risk of CRS grade ≥2 for patients with solid tumors and hematologic malignancies such as acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) treated with TCE bispecific antibodies.

Study Design: A TCE dataset including clinical trials from 2014 to 2019 evaluating non-CAR-T TCE therapies was sourced from the Medidata Enterprise Data Store, an anonymized data repository from completed clinical trials.

Synthesis and mechanistic investigation of short peptides as Aβ aggregation inhibitors.

Neurotoxic oligomers of amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptide build up in the cortical region of the brain of people with Alzheimer's disease (AD). The lipophilic C-terminus region of Aβ plays a pivotal role in neurotoxic oligomer formation. Studies have confirmed that a modified fragment of the Aβ peptide prevents its aggregation.

Utility of Dorsal Sural Nerve for Clinical Correlation and Detection of Early Diabetic Neuropathy.

Background And Objectives: Monofilament and tuning fork are commonly applied in clinical testing for distal sensory peripheral neuropathy (DSP). However, a dependable diagnosis of DSP requires nerve conduction studies (NCS). In the present study, we emphasize on the utility of dorsal sural sensory nerve action potential (dsSNAP) abnormality over sural sensory nerve action potential (SNAP) abnormality in detecting early DSP.

Pattern of semaglutide prescription in a real-world Canadian patient cohort.

Aims: Despite the growing interest in the broad applications of semaglutide, real-world data on its use in weight-loss is limited. This study aims to explore the pattern of semaglutide prescriptions in a Canadian family medicine practice.

Methods: This retrospective study included patients ≥ 18 years who were enrolled in Sunnybrook Academic Family practice in Toronto, Canada and prescribed semaglutide between January 2018 and April 2024.

Engineered noncanonical amino acids-based hydrogels for biomedical applications.

Integrating diverse engineered noncanonical amino acids (ncAAs), including halogenated amino acids, β-amino acids, and their higher homologs, has significantly expanded structural and functional diversity of proteins. Incorporating chemically or biocatalytically synthesized ncAAs into short bioactive peptide sequences has enhanced drug-like properties, including bioavailability and biostability. Recently, these peptides have been employed to fabricate biocompatible and biostable smart hydrogels.

Decarboxylative C-Terminus Amidation of Amino Acids and Peptides in the Presence of Isocyanates.

Termini modification is an attractive strategy for discovering new peptide-based drugs. We report that DMAP catalyzes the reaction of amino acids and peptides with isocyanates, synthesizing a variety of C-terminus or side chain modified amino acids and peptides bearing Boc, Fmoc, or Cbz groups in a rapid and environment-friendly manner and releasing CO as a byproduct.

Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome: The Eyes Reflecting Systemic Health.

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a condition marked by reversible subcortical brain swelling, often accompanied by acute neurological symptoms. It is commonly associated with renal failure, blood pressure fluctuations, cytotoxic drugs, autoimmune disorders, and preeclampsia or eclampsia. We report the case of a 34-year-old female who developed sudden blurring of vision in both eyes after an episode of accelerated hypertension.

Naganishia liquefaciens ARY7, a Psychrophilic Yeast Endophyte Improves Plant Low Temperature Acclimation Through Auxin and Salicylic Acid Signaling.

Understanding how plant-associated yeasts mediate plant fitness under environmental stress remains mostly elusive. Here, the role of auxin and salicylic acid (SA)-producing psychrophilic yeast endophyte Naganishia liquefaciens strain ARY7, isolated from the roots of cold-desert plant Arnebia euchroma, was investigated for low temperature (LT; 10°C) tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana. ARY7-inoculated plants had higher biomass, exhibited higher photosynthetic efficiency, starch accumulation, and reduced stress-responsive parameters at 10°C than their non-inoculated controls.

Metal-Directed Self-Assembly of Minimal Heterochiral Peptides into Metallo-Supramolecular β-Helical Tubules for Artificial Transmembrane Water Channels.

Transmembrane selective transport of metabolites controls essential biological functions. During the last two decades, artificial channels have been developed and cyclic peptides have emerged as ideal platforms for efficient ion, sugar, and nucleic acid channel translocation. Despite these tremendous developments, cyclic peptides have eluded selective water transport.

TCR CDR3 chemical complementarity to HPV epitopes is associated with a better outcome for cervical cancer.

Despite the fact that HPV vaccines are likely to lead to a significant reduction in cervical cancer occurrence, there remains cervical cancer incidence independent of the vaccine and cervical cancer arising in the absence of vaccination. Thus, continued efforts are needed to address the potential parameters of cervical cancer that could impact therapy and could lead to additional ways of reducing cervical cancer death rates. Adaptive immune receptor recombinations were obtained from the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) cervical cancer database through tumor exome and RNAseq files as well as from the independent Cancer Genome Characterization Initiative (CGCI) cervical cancer dataset.

High GLP1R gene copy numbers associated with microsatellite instability for multiple cancers and with better survival probabilities for glioblastoma.

While the Warburg effect is well-known and frequently studied, the molecular features that facilitate increased tumor cell glycolytic activity have yet to be extensively investigated. We hypothesized that amplification of genes encoding proteins related to glucose metabolism could be a mechanism to facilitate increased glycolysis. Thus, we applied a precision-guided copy number variation analysis approach to the GLP1R, AMFR, GCG, GPI, and ACTA1 genes across three different cancer types.

Primary congenital intracranial lipoma with extracranial extension in a pediatric patient: A case report and literature review.

Background: Congenital intracranial lipomas are rare, representing only 0.1-0.5% of brain tumors, and are typically asymptomatic.

Prevalence of Burnout Symptoms in Cardiac Electrophysiologists in a US Sample.

Introduction: Physician burnout is a common problem across the field of medicine, resulting in significant negative personal and work-related consequences. We set out to explore the prevalence of burnout in cardiac electrophysiologists (EPs).

Methods: A national registry of EPs (N = 112) was sent a two-item questionnaire, established and validated to assess the experience of Burnout.

An insight into Synthetic, Structural and Medicinal perspective of imidazole analogs: A review.

Imidazole is a versatile heterocyclic moiety that has been found to be widely present in many natural and synthetic molecules. It is a ubiquitous moiety that has been widely explored by the scientific community owing to its broad spectrum of biological activities. To pave the way for future research, a comprehensive study on the imidazole moiety was carried out.

Bioprospecting for probiotics and other technological aspects of the bacteria isolated from goat milk.

Goat milk is a superior nutritional source for human beings. It possesses probiotic, prebiotic, immunomodulatory actions and inhibits the adherence of pathogenic bacteria. The microbiota of raw goat milk is a rich source of novel bacteriocin-producing lactic acid bacteria (LAB).

Abundant Transition Metal Based Photocatalysts for Red Light-Driven Photocatalysis.

Photocatalysis emerges as an efficient and versatile tool for the preparation of organic compounds via the development of new methodologies and new photosensitizers. Mostly UV and blue light irradiation are used for such reactions. Red light is low-energy light, it is less harmful and has more penetration depth.

Amelioration of Glutamate-induced Toxicity by a New Thyrotropin-releasing Hormone (TRH) Analogue PYR-l-(2,5-Dibromo)-His-l-ProNH.

Background: Glutamate has been implicated in the pathophysiology of central nervous system diseases, including stroke.

Purpose: In this study, the neuroprotective potential of the newly synthesised thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) analogue [Pyr-l-(2,5-dibromo)-His-l-ProNH; NP-2376] against glutamate-induced injury model were investigated.

Methods: Cortical neurons isolated from neonatal rats were used to evaluate the effects of the NP-2376.

Endovascular Approach to Concurrent Anterior Cranial Fossa Dural AVF and Concurrent Flow-Related Ophthalmic Artery Aneurysm: A Case Study.

Dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) with concurrent flow-related ophthalmic artery aneurysms, particularly intraorbital aneurysms, are rare. Retrograde cortical blood flow and sinus thrombosis heighten the risk of rupture and optic nerve compression, yet treatment strategies remain poorly defined. This study aims to explore effective management for these complex cases.

Visualizing Causality in Mixed Reality for Manual Task Learning: A Study.

Mixed Reality (MR) is gaining prominence in manual task skill learning due to its in-situ, embodied, and immersive experience. To teach manual tasks, current methodologies break the task into hierarchies (tasks into subtasks) and visualize not only the current subtasks but also the future ones that are causally related. We investigate the impact of visualizing causality within an MR framework on manual task skill learning.

SPA: Leveraging the SAM with Spatial Priors Adapter for Enhanced Medical Image Segmentation.

The Segment Anything Model (SAM) has gained renown for its success in image segmentation, benefiting significantly from its pretraining on extensive datasets and its interactive prompt-based segmentation approach. Although highly effective in natural (real-world) image segmentation tasks, the SAM model encounters significant challenges in medical imaging due to the inherent differences between these two domains. To address these challenges, we propose the Spatial Prior Adapter (SPA) scheme, a parameter-efficient fine-tuning strategy that enhances SAM's adaptability to medical imaging tasks.

Peptide-based amyloid-beta aggregation inhibitors.

Aberrant protein misfolding and accumulation is considered to be a major pathological pillar of neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Aggregation of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide leads to the formation of toxic amyloid fibrils and is associated with cognitive dysfunction and memory loss in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Designing molecules that inhibit amyloid aggregation seems to be a rational approach to AD drug development.