Civic Participation in Early Adulthood and Midlife Well-being in an Inner City Cohort.

The beneficial impacts of civic participation on health are reported for adolescents and older adults. Still, civic participation is underrecognized in its potential to promote a wide range of well-being. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between civic participation in early adulthood and midlife well-being for a 1980 birth sample of minority youth who were economically disadvantaged and explore education as a mediator of such associations.

Deep learning-based embedding of functional connectivity profiles for precision functional mapping.

Spatial similarity of functional connectivity profiles across matching anatomical locations in individuals is often calculated to delineate individual differences in functional networks. Likewise, spatial similarity is assessed across average functional connectivity profiles of groups to evaluate the maturity of functional networks during development. Despite its widespread use, spatial similarity is limited to comparing two samples at a time.

Self-injury and the treatment gap: An interdisciplinary exploration of beliefs about causal variables and treatment goals among caregivers, researchers, and clinicians.

Introduction: There is a gap between individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) who need treatment for self-injurious behavior (SIB) and those who receive it. One contributing factor may be a multiplicity of beliefs about the nature of SIB and its treatment.

Methods: Using reflexive thematic analysis, we interviewed and integrated two knowledge sources: the perspectives of family caregivers for individuals with SIB and IDD and the perspectives of clinicians and researchers who treat and study self-injury.

Exposure to community violence and biomarkers of allostatic load: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

A large body of research has examined the effects of exposure to community violence on myriad health outcomes. Less is known about the potential impact of exposure to violence on allostatic load. According to allostatic load theory, chronic stressors, such as exposure to violence, may lead to disrupted physiological functioning in multiple systems, ultimately increasing the risk for poor health.

Modulating salience network connectivity through olfactory nerve stimulation.

Depression is associated with reduced functional connectivity within the brain's salience network and its strengthened interactions with the default mode network (DMN). Modification of this clinical pattern is challenging. Leveraging the direct neural pathways from olfactory processing regions to the salience network, we explored the effects of electrical stimulation of the olfactory mucosa on brain connectivity.

The effects of an individual music intervention on executive functions in adults with intellectual disabilities.

Background: People with intellectual disabilities (ID) often demonstrate impairments in executive functioning (EF). In other clinical populations, music interventions have demonstrated positive effects on EF. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of an individual active music intervention on EF.

Distinctions in buffering and exacerbating associations between parent and peer relationship quality and adolescents' psychopathology based on maltreatment status.

This study longitudinally examined associations between parent and peer relationships, childhood maltreatment, and adolescents' psychopathology. We expected lower perceived parental relationship quality to predict greater symptomatology and higher perceived friendship quality to buffer this association, with greater buffering effects for maltreated participants. We assessed 545 participants (295 maltreated, 250 non-maltreated; 60.

Wiping the slate clean: A meta-analysis of post-detention aftercare programs for young offenders.

This three-level meta-analysis examined the effects of post-detention aftercare programs for adolescent and young adult offenders on several types of criminal recidivism (primary outcomes) and dynamic risk and protective factors for criminal behavior (secondary outcomes). A systematic search was conducted in the databases APA PsycInfo, Medline, ERIC, Web of Science Core Collection, SocINDEX, and Google Scholar, resulting in 26 relevant studies that produced 259 effect sizes. The results revealed a small overall effect (g = 0.

Baby Open Brains: An open-source dataset of infant brain segmentations.

Reproducibility of neuroimaging research on infant brain development remains limited due to highly variable processing approaches. Progress towards reproducible pipelines is limited by a lack of benchmarks such as gold-standard brain segmentations. These segmentations are limited by the difficulty of infant brain segmentations, which require extensive neuroanatomical knowledge and are time-consuming in nature.

Adversity, developmentally appropriate attributions, and parenting during homelessness: Resilience in an expanded family stress model.

The family stress model has illuminated pathways from economic hardship to parents' psychological distress to impaired caregiving. However, there is less family stress model research examining other risk processes that link parental stressors to parenting or resilience processes that counteract these pathways. This study examined parents' developmentally appropriate attributions (DAAs) of young children's behavior as a link between multiple dimensions of parental adversity and stress, and multiple parenting indicators.

A 30-Year Experience in Fragile X Syndrome Molecular Diagnosis from a Laboratory in Thailand.

Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most common form of X-linked intellectual disability (ID). This study aimed to share 30 years of experience in diagnosing FXS and determine its frequency in Thailand. We retrospectively reviewed 1480 unrelated patients (1390 males and 90 females) with ID, developmental delay, or autism spectrum disorder, or individuals referred for FXS DNA testing at Songklanagarind Hospital, Thailand, over a 30-year period.

Multi-echo acquisition and thermal denoising advances precision functional imaging.

The characterization of individual functional brain organization with Precision Functional Mapping has provided important insights in recent years in adults. However, little is known about the ontogeny of inter-individual differences in brain functional organization during human development. Precise characterization of systems organization during periods of high plasticity is likely to be essential for discoveries promoting lifelong health.

XCP-D: A robust pipeline for the post-processing of fMRI data.

Functional neuroimaging is an essential tool for neuroscience research. Pre-processing pipelines produce standardized, minimally pre-processed data to support a range of potential analyses. However, post-processing is not similarly standardized.

Precision Functional Neuroimaging Reveals Individually Specific Auditory Responses in Infants.

Adaptively responding to salient stimuli in the environment is a fundamental feature of cognitive development in early life, which is enabled by the developing brain. Understanding individual variability in how the brain supports this fundamental process is essential for uncovering neurodevelopmental trajectories and potential neurodevelopmental risks. In the present study, we used a precision functional imaging approach to probe activation in response to salient auditory stimuli and its relation to brain functional networks in individual infants.

Neighborhood conditions and neurodevelopment: A systematic review of brain structure in children and adolescents.

The neighborhood context is increasingly recognized as a significant determinant of health. Advances in geospatial analysis and neuroimaging have facilitated an emerging field of research investigating how neighborhood conditions influence brain development. We conducted a systematic review, identifying 37 studies that examined associations between neighborhood conditions and brain structure in children and adolescents.

Sex-Related Measurement Bias in Autism Spectrum Disorder Symptoms in the Baby Siblings Research Consortium.

Importance: Disparities exist in age of diagnosis and prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) for female compared with male children. Correcting for sources of bias is critical for improving equitable ASD identification.

Objective: To determine whether sex differences exist in measurement of ASD symptoms using the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) among young children at high familial likelihood (HFL) and low familial likelihood (LFL) of ASD.

Correction: Attachment, behavior problems and interventions.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/frcha.2023.

Gut microbiota maturation and early behavioral and cognitive development.

The presence of gut microbiota-brain-axis has been widely reported. However, few studies have focused on uncovering the potential associations during a time-period that our brain and gut microbiota undergo rapid maturation. We evaluated the potential associations between characteristics of gut microbiota and cognition and temperament using an accelerated longitudinal design in typically developing children over 0-3 years of age.

Development and validation of the NIH Baby Toolbox® Executive Function and Memory measures.

Existing standardized assessments of Executive Function and Memory (EF-Mem) for infants and toddlers tend to be limited in scope, can be burdensome to administer, and/or do not often utilize modern technology. Here, we describe the development and validation of the novel iPad-based EF-Mem measures in the NIH Baby Toolbox® for infants and young children 1-42 months old. English and Spanish versions of gaze-based (Familiarization) and touch-based measures (Mullen Visual Reception, Visual Delayed Response, Delayed Memory Task) were adapted for iPad administration.

Pupil responses to social stimuli are associated with adaptive behaviors across the first 24 months of life.

Background: Pupil changes in response to well-controlled stimuli can be used to understand processes that regulate attention, learning, and arousal. This study investigates whether pupil dynamics to social stimuli are associated with concurrent adaptive behavior in typically developing infants. To accomplish this, we developed and assessed pupillary responses to Stimuli for Early Social Arousal and Motivation in Infants (SESAMI).

Taking a Closer Look at Teacher Support and Children's Mental Health: The Mediating Role of Self-Concept and the Moderating Role of Area.

Ample evidence has recognized the importance of teacher support for children's mental health. However, less is known about the factors that may play a role in the association between teacher support and children's mental health. In the present study, we examined the mediating role of self-concept and the moderating role of area (i.

A novel CAT method for QoL screening: proof-of-principle study with comparisons to standard methods.

Purpose: This proof-of-principle study investigated a novel Computer Adaptive Testing (CAT) method termed Latent-class and Sum score based Computerized Adaptive Testing (LSCAT), developed for screening purposes. LSCAT was assessed for its ability to accurately predict depression symptoms during health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) screenings.

Methods: LSCAT's performance was compared with two benchmark CAT methods, Stochastic Curtailment (SC) and Decision Tree based Computer Adaptive Testing (DTCAT), using data from the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9).

The role of the body in altered facial emotion perception in autism and social anxiety.

Alterations in the perception of facial emotional expression and their physiological resonance, as well as in accurately sensing bodily states (i.e., interoception) have been reported in both autism and social anxiety.