Ageist attitudes are already evident in pre- and early-school children: A multi-method examination.

We examined age-related attitudes in 56 German children (M = 6.5, 4-8 years; 55% female) using newly developed behavioural (seating and team formation task), explicit (picture rating) and implicit [single-target implicit association test (ST-IAT)] measures. Stimuli comprised pictures of younger and older adults.

Less is More: Lower Levels of Task-Induced Hippocampal Activation Predict Better Performance on a Separate Verbal Memory Evaluation.

Memories that differ in content or duration differ in the extent to which they depend on the hippocampus, and also the part of the hippocampus, posterior (pHPC) or anterior (aHPC), that they implicate. Inter-individual differences in learning-related activation in different hippocampal subregions have been found to predict specific differences in memory abilities. The complexity of these relationships creates a setting that is ripe for theoretically informative investigation, but that can also lead to reports of spurious relationships that do not reflect underlying neurobiological associations.

Longitudinal Trajectories of Clinical Features in Community Youth With Recurrent Psychosis Spectrum Symptoms: Findings From the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort.

Background And Hypothesis: In the general population, more severe, recurrent subthreshold psychosis spectrum (PS) symptoms are associated with a heightened risk of poor outcomes. Here, we expanded and temporally extended our prior 2-year follow-up of community youth with recurrent PS symptoms in the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort (PNC) by characterizing longer-term trajectories of symptom domains and global functioning compared to youth with other recurrent psychopathology.

Study Design: The PNC Time 1 included 9498 community youth (age 8-21) recruited from a pediatric healthcare network.

Stimulant medications affect arousal and reward, not attention.

Prescription stimulants such as methylphenidate are being used by an increasing portion of the population, primarily children. These potent norepinephrine and dopamine reuptake inhibitors promote wakefulness, suppress appetite, enhance physical performance, and are purported to increase attentional abilities. Prior functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have yielded conflicting results about the effects of stimulants on the brain's attention, action/motor, and salience regions that are difficult to reconcile with their proposed attentional effects.

Characterizing Adolescent Social Media Experiences and Links to Momentary Affect.

Introduction: Social media (SM) use is ubiquitous among adolescents, and questions remain regarding the impact of SM on youths' emotional health. Understanding what adolescents are experiencing on SM is critical for answering these questions.

Methods: The present study uses ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to characterize SM experiences (SMEs) over 15 days in 94 U.

Parenting and polygenic influences: Investigating gene-environment correlations in disruptive child behavior.

Disruptive behavior increases the risk of developing more severe behavior problems later in life, including antisocial and criminal behavior. Parents behavior, and possibly their genetic makeup as well, plays a key role in shaping their children's disruptive behavior. We examined gene-environment (parenting) correlations as underlying mechanisms for disruptive child behavior in a cross-sectional study.

An open, fully-processed data resource for studying mood and sleep variability in the developing brain.

Brain development during adolescence and early adulthood coincides with shifts in emotion regulation and sleep. Despite this, few existing datasets simultaneously characterize affective dynamics, sleep variation, and multimodal measures of brain development. Here, we describe the study protocol and initial release (n = 10) of an open data resource of neuroimaging paired with densely sampled behavioral measures in adolescents and young adults.

fMRIPrep Lifespan: Extending A Robust Pipeline for Functional MRI Preprocessing to Developmental Neuroimaging.

The adoption of a standardized preprocessing workflow is vital for fostering community, sharing, and reproducibility. fMRIPrep has been a critical advancement towards this end, however, it is limited in its capacity to be applied to data across the lifespan, starting from infancy. Here, we introduce fMRIPrep Lifespan, an extension of fMRIPrep that extends the standardized processing from childhood to senescence to include neonatal, infant, and toddler structural and functional MRI data preprocessing.

Addressing unmet need for substance use disorder treatment among youth in the legal system (YLS): Costs of structured implementation interventions with juvenile justice agencies in seven states.

Introduction: Implementation of integrated strategies for improving access to behavioral health services for youth in the legal system requires evidence of the costs of changing existing practices, and stakeholders need to be aware of what types of investments (e.g., personnel, data systems) lead to more efficient implementation and better outcomes.

The Impact of Process Quality in Early Childhood Education and Care on Socio-Emotional Development: A Meta-Analysis of Longitudinal Studies.

We investigated the relationship between process quality in early childhood education and care (ECEC) and children's socio-emotional development in a meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Our multi-level meta-analysis of 31 publications reporting on 16 longitudinal studies (N = 17,913 children, age: 2.5-18 yrs) demonstrates that the process quality of ECEC is a small but significant predictor of children's socio-emotional development over time (ES = 0.

Child Abuse and Family Social Support: The Practice of Resolutions Approach.

Background/objectives: Child abuse is a devastating problem, and effective interventions are needed. Interventions incorporating social support have been found to be more effective in reducing parental abuse than those that do not. The resolutions approach (RA) emphasizes collaborating with the family's social network.

Metacognitive Prompts Influence 7- to 9-Year-Olds' Executive Function at the Levels of Task Performance and Neural Processing.

To elucidate the role of metacognitive reflection in the development of children's executive function (EF) skills, the current study examined relations among implicit and explicit forms of metacognition in 7- to 9-year-olds during performance based on the Dimensional Change Card Sort (DCCS), while experimentally manipulating the propensity to reflect on the task. Results showed that instructions to reflect led to improved task accuracy and better metacognitive control, but only in younger children, likely because older children were already engaging in reflection. Individual differences in trait mindfulness were related to a similarly reflective mode of responding, characterized by improved task accuracy and metacognitive control.

The generalizability of cortical area parcellations across early childhood.

The cerebral cortex consists of distinct areas that develop through intrinsic embryonic patterning and postnatal experiences. Accurate parcellation of these areas in neuroimaging studies improves statistical power and cross-study comparability. Given significant brain changes in volume, microstructure, and connectivity during early life, we hypothesized that cortical areas in 1- to 3-year-olds would differ markedly from neonates and increasingly resemble adult patterns as development progresses.

Better than you or who I used to be: Social comparison, but not temporal comparison, maintains narcissism in adolescence.

Narcissism is a personality trait characterized by a sense of being more important and entitled than others. Narcissism is high in adolescence and puts adolescents at risk of psychopathology and problematic social relationships. Why is narcissism persistent in adolescence? Bridging insights from developmental, clinical, social, and personality psychology, we examined whether adolescents (ages 11-15) high in narcissism maintain narcissism through downward comparisons (e.

Stress Spillover Among Mother-Adolescent Dyads in Mexican Immigrant Families: How It Varies from Early to Late Adolescence.

Mothers and adolescent children in Mexican immigrant families may encounter various sociocultural stressors, which may spill over into family interactions and impede each other's internalizing symptoms based on the Family Systems Theory. Empirical evidence is needed to identify the sensitive developmental age when mothers and adolescents are most vulnerable to each other's stressors, addressing gaps in understanding which types of sociocultural stress can spill over and when these spillover effects peak during adolescence. This study adopted a five-year, three-wave dataset that included 604 adolescents (M(SD) = 12.

Mediators of the Association Between Child Education and Adult Health.

Importance: Educational attainment is a key social determinant of cardiometabolic disease in adulthood, yet knowledge about the pathways through which educational experiences in childhood may shape cardiometabolic health is limited.

Objective: To explore whether associations between educational experiences in childhood and cardiometabolic health in adulthood are mediated by adult socioeconomic status and health behaviors.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Participants were from the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development (SECCYD), a birth cohort (1991-2009) recruited to participate in a 30-year assessment (ages 26-31) between January 2018 and December 2022 focused on cardiometabolic health outcomes.

Putting the Social in Emotions: The Effect of Audience Presence on Pride and Embarrassment Across Ontogeny.

We care about others' opinions of us and regulate our emotions to make positive impressions. This form of impression management may change during ontogeny as children become increasingly sensitive to others. To examine whether self-conscious emotions are influenced by audience presence across the lifespan, we induced embarrassment and pride in n = 71 3.

Post-traumatic stress disorder rates in trauma-exposed children and adolescents: updated three-level meta-analysis.

Background: In the past decade, no meta-analytical estimates of the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among children and adolescents have been published, despite a host of new prevalence studies and updated DSM-5 criteria.

Aims: We set out to estimate the prevalence rates of PTSD in trauma-exposed children and adolescents on the basis of DSM-IV and DSM-5 criteria, and investigate differences in prevalence across trauma type, gender, time since exposure, type of informant and diagnostic measures.

Method: Studies identified in a previous meta-analysis were combined with more recent studies retrieved in a new systematic literature search, resulting in a total of 95 studies describing 64 independent samples ( = 6745 for DSM-IV, = 12 644 for DSM-5) over a 30-year period.

Alarming findings of psycho-socio-spiritual interventions on physical, mental, and social health for children with cancer and their families in low- and middle-income countries: a meta-analysis.

Background: Children residing in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are at a higher risk of cancer. The provision of psycho-socio-spiritual care to address stressors accompanying a cancer diagnosis is largely unknown in these countries, and evidence on psycho-socio-spiritual interventions in LMICs remains unexplored.

Objective: This meta-analysis aimed to synthesize findings on psycho-socio-spiritual interventions for children and families with cancer in LMICs in comparison with those from resource-rich developing nations.

A Scoping Review of Neighborhood Effects and Health Among Children and Adolescents: Measurement and Design Characteristics.

Decades of research have explored how neighborhood conditions relate to child and adolescent health, spawning numerous reviews focused on specific predictors, outcomes, or populations. Less is known about the design and characteristics underpinning this work. We conducted a scoping review of 754 studies examining neighborhood conditions and health-related factors among children and adolescents (aged 0-18) published between 2015 and 2024.

Burnout and Perceptions of Child Behavior Among Childcare Professionals.

Burnout is an increasing concern among working professionals; however, relatively little research has examined burnout among those in the childcare field. This is a major gap, given high demand for childcare services in the United States coupled with high rates of turnover in the field. Between February 2019 and January 2020, 320 home- and center-based childcare professionals completed an online survey about their experiences, which included the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and questions about perceptions of child behaviors.

Genetic and environmental contributions to the associations between midlife personality and late-life metabolic health.

Objective: Personality traits such as conscientiousness and emotional stability are consistently linked with better metabolic health, but there is limited evidence on the etiology of these associations and their robustness across the life-span.

Methods: Therefore, we estimated phenotypic, genetic, and unique environmental associations of traits indexed by the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire in early-to-middle adulthood (mean age = 38.3 years) with BMI, waist circumference, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, C-reactive protein, triglycerides, and glycated hemoglobin in older adulthood (mean age = 70.

ChildWeCare: An Innovative System for the Surveillance and Care of Early Childhood Development Disorders in Thailand.

Background: A structure survey conducted by the Department of Health on early childhood development in Thailand indicates that 27.20-32.50% of preschool children have developmental delays.

Moving toward transdiagnostic dimensional models of neurodiversity and mental health (and away from models of psychopathology).

Increasing recognition that neurodiversity is part of human diversity prompts reconsideration of the current dominant conceptualization of neurodivergence as inherently atypical or pathological. We propose a distinction between neurodevelopmental conditions and mental health conditions such that DSM neurodevelopmental disorders should no longer be subsumed under the mental disorder classification but instead reclassified alongside them. At the same time, we also call for more attention to be paid to the mental health and well-being of individuals with neurodevelopmental conditions due to high rates of co-occurring depression, anxiety, substance use, and other mental health concerns.