Second-order Calibration-assisted Excitation-emission Matrix Fluorescence Detection of Multi-class Mycotoxins in Grape, Wine and Raisin for Food Safety Assessment.

Mycotoxin in grape and its products (wine, raisin) is a widely concerned issue of food safety, it closely associated with consumers' health. In this study, an analytical strategy by combining second-order calibration method with excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence detection followed photo derivatization (PD) was explored for rapid and sensitive analysis of aflatoxin B (AFB), ochratoxin A (OTA), zearalenone (ZEA) in grape, raisin and wine. Except simple solvent extraction by ethyl acetate and concentration by vacuum distillation, samples don't need other complicated treatment steps any more.

Impact assessment of differential chlormequat chloride exposure on soil fungal community dynamics.

Introduction: This study investigated the dose-dependent effects of chlormequat chloride (CC) applications on soil fungal community structure and diversity in a peanut cultivation system.

Methods: A controlled field experiment was conducted with four treatment regimes: control (CK, no CC application), low-dose (D, 45g active ingredient/ha), medium-dose (M, 75g a.i.

Engineered Plasmonic multi-hot spots on magnetic Nanospheres for quantitative detection of pesticide residues on food surfaces via SERS tagging analysis.

Pesticide application ensures the yield of crops and reduces the harm of pathogenic microorganisms to the human body. However, excessive use of pesticides leads to their residues on the surface of foods, thus posing a threat to human health and the ecological environment. Herein, Fe₃O₄@Au@1,4-BDT@Au nanoparticle, as a novel three-dimensional surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate, was constructed enabling the rapid and quantitative detection of pesticide residues of food surfaces combined with a portable Raman spectrometer, which integrates the advantages of multiple components, such as magnetic effect enrichment, Raman internal standard, and strong electromagnetic fields via coupling of gold nanoparticles.

Prevalence and Characterization of and Methicillin-Resistant from Different Retail Raw Meats in Shandong, China.

is an important cause of food intoxication, which has the potential to induce diverse infections, toxinoses and life-threatening diseases among humans and animals. This study investigated the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance, and genetic diversity of and methicillin-resistant (MRSA) in retail raw meat from Shandong (March 2021-October 2022). The distribution of virulence genes, antimicrobial susceptibility, and genetic diversity of these isolates were analyzed.

TCP19 regulates nitrogen-dependent sheath blight susceptibility by modulating nitrogen uptake and signalling in rice.

The excessive application of nitrogen fertilization improves rice yield, but increases disease severity. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we conducted a comparative analysis of nitrogen- and R.

Initiating the commercialization of genetically modified staple crops in China: domestic biotechnological advancements, regulatory milestones, and governance frameworks.

Historically, China's approach to genetically modified (GM) staple crops has been cautious. However, in 2021, China launched its first pilot program for the commercial cultivation of GM food crops and subsequently expanded their cultivation. Previously, the only GM plants cultivated in China were insect-resistant cotton and virus-resistant papaya.

Classification of Crab-Field Rice and Conventional Rice Based on Multi-Element, Stable Isotope, and Non-Targeted Metabolome Combined with Chemometrics.

The quality of rice is closely related to its planting mode. The rice produced in rice-crab co-cultivation fields often enjoy higher prices and consumption enthusiasm than traditional rice due to the use of fewer chemical inputs, making it a key target of commercial fraud. In this study, multi-element, stable isotope, metabolite analysis techniques were synergistically applied with chemometric methods to distinguish between crab-field rice and common rice.

Mechanism and Regulation of Tea Saponin Extraction from Seed Meal in Subcritical Water.

Tea saponins are excellent natural surfactants, and previous studies on their extraction from seed meals in subcritical water have mainly focused on the optimization of external extraction conditions. In order to achieve the efficient extraction of tea saponins in subcritical water, this study explores the influence of the composition-internal factors on the extraction rate of tea saponins. In this study, the composition of three seed meals purchased from Hubei, Hunan and Guizhou province and extraction rates of tea saponins, dissolution rates of reducing sugars and proteins from these seed meals were compared, and the results showed that reducing sugars and proteins were intrinsic components affecting extraction rates of tea saponins in subcritical water.

One-Step Labeling Based on Eu-MOFs to Develop Fluorescence Side-Flow Immunoassay for AFB1 Detection in Corn.

Lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) is a promising tool for rapid detection in the field of agricultural product analysis due to its advantages of cost-effectiveness and operational simplicity. In this work, Eu metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) were introduced to LFIA as a rapid detection method characterized by high stability and low interference. Key research objectives included strong fluorescence, ease of labeling, and the utilization of fluorescent probes.

Surface engineering of 3D covalent organic frameworks via crystalline modulation for enhanced profiling of polychlorinated biphenyls.

Surface engineering of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) represents a highly promising strategy for achieving superior capture capacity towards environmental trace pollutants. Herein, the three-dimensional covalent organic frameworks (3D-COFs) with tunable crystallinity were synthesized and optimized via a simple solvent ratio adjustment, demonstrating an exceptional capture capacity of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). By adjusting the ratio of solvents (1,4-dioxane and toluene), a functional 3D COF (dia-c5 TPA-TAM-COF) was discovered, providing an ideal approach to transform an amorphous compound into a functional platform with a significant increase in crystallinity, surface area and pore volume for PCBs capture.

Epitope molecularly imprinted polymers based on host-guest interaction: specific recognition of CD59.

The detection of CD59 is of great clinical importance since it is an important glycoprotein that can serve as a biomarker related to kinds of cancers. In this work, we prepared host-guest interaction based oriented epitope molecularly imprinted polymer (hg-EMIP) for the immobilization of CD59 N-terminal epitopes. Cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]) and l-phenylalanine (L-phe) were employed as the host and guest; and tannic acid (TA) with abundant hydroxyl groups and diethylenetriamine (DETA) were chosen as the functional monomer and crosslinking agent, respectively.

Recent Advances in Fluorescent Probe for Detecting Biorelevant Analytes during Stress in Plants.

Plants are constantly exposed to various stressors that can severely hinder their growth and threaten agricultural productivity. Recent advancements in plant imaging using fluorescent probes have opened new avenues for exploring the intricate processes involved in plant stress perception and signaling. This review represents the comprehensive effort to consolidate recent advances in fluorescent probe technologies, encompassing small-molecule probes, nanoprobes, and genetically encoded indicators, as revolutionary tools for deciphering stress-induced physiological dynamics.

Effects of different concentrations of chlormequat chloride on bacterial community composition and diversity in peanut soil.

The application of pesticides may have significant impacts on soil environment and communities. In order to understand the deep relationship between the application of chlormequat chloride (CC) and the bacterial community in peanut soil, high-resolution characterization was performed using peanut soil samples (12 points; 0-20 cm rhizosphere soil) from untreated and sprayed with different concentrations of CC. Experimental data showed that with the increase of concentration, operational taxonomic units (OTUs) richness showed a decreasing tendency.

Comprehensive analysis of the transcriptomics and metabolomics reveal the changes induced by nano-selenium and melatonin in Zizyphus jujuba Mill. cv. Huizao.

Background: Jujube (Zizyphus jujuba), belonging to the Rhamnaceae, contains various bioactive components including flavonoids and polysaccharides. In our previous study, jujube quality was improved by application of nano-selenium (Nano-Se) and melatonin; however, little research has been conducted on the induced molecular mechanisms. Zizyphus jujuba cv.

Efficient conversion and highly sensitive detection of PAEs in milk based on hydrazinolysis reaction and hydrogen bonding using SERS technique.

Background: Phthalate esters (PAEs), a diverse group of plasticizers with reproductive and developmental toxicity, have their residues in milk packaging increasing with lipid solubility as the storage time elapses, thereby posing a serious threat to human health. Detection methods based on chromatography and mass spectrometry are technically mature, with high sensitivity. However, their sample pretreatment is complicated, the instruments used are expensive, and they have high environmental requirements, making them unsuitable for on-site detection.

Calcium and Boron Foliar Fertilizer to Relieve Cracking of 'Liuyuezao' Pummelos.

'Liuyuezao' pummelo is highly prone to cracking, which seriously affects its quality. The aim of this study was to illustrate the effect of foliar sprays of calcium (Ca) and boron (B) and their combined treatments on the fruit cracking and quality of 'Liuyuezao' pummelos during the fruit expansion period (40-55 days after flowering). Analysis of 12 mineral elements of the pericarp by ICP-MS revealed that the three treatments significantly increased the content of calcium and boron in the corresponding pericarp.

Aspergillus Mycotoxins: The Major Food Contaminants.

Mycotoxins, a category of fungal secondary metabolites, frequently contaminate food products and pose a severe threat to human health. Aspergillus, a genus of fungi, is capable of producing mycotoxins, with aflatoxins (AFs) and ochratoxins being its principal types. Aspergillus mycotoxins can contaminate a wide range of crops and their derivatives, such as maize, wheat, rice, minor cereals, and peanuts, thereby threatening food and feed safety.

Phytochrome B-mediated light signalling enhances rice resistance to saline-alkaline and sheath blight by regulating multiple downstream transcription factors.

Light signalling regulates plant growth and stress resistance, whereas its mechanism in controlling saline-alkaline tolerance (SAT) remains largely unknown. This study identified that light signalling, primarily mediated by Phytochrome B (PhyB), inhibited ammonium transporter 1 (AMT1) to negatively regulate SAT. Our previous findings have shown that PhyB can impede the transcription factors indeterminate domain 10 (IDD10) and brassinazole resistant 1 (BZR1) to reduce NH uptake, thereby modulating SAT and sheath blight (ShB) resistance in rice.

From Sea Cucumbers to Soft Robots: A Photothermal-Responsive Hydrogel Actuator with Shape Memory.

Soft robotics has undergone considerable progress driven by materials that can effectively transduce external stimuli into mechanical actuation. Here, we report the development of a photothermal-responsive hydrogel actuator with shape memory capabilities inspired by the adaptive locomotion of sea cucumbers. This actuator is based on sea cucumber peptides (SCP) and a liquid metal (LM) hydrogel network that is responsive to near-infrared (NIR) light.

Biosynthesis of 2-phenylethanol from styrene using engineered Escherichia coli whole cells.

2-Phenylethanol, an aromatic alcohol with a rose scent, is widely used in the cosmetics, food, and pharmaceutical industries. We designed an efficient multi-enzyme cascade pathway for production of 2-phenylethanol from styrene as the substrate. Initially, 2-phenylethanol was produced by overexpression of styrene monooxygenase A (styA), styrene monooxygenase B (styB), styrene oxide isomerase (SOI), alcohol dehydrogenase (yahK), and glucose dehydrogenase (gdh) in Escherichia coli to give 6.

Multienzyme cascade for synthesis of hydroxytyrosol via engineered Escherichia coli.

Hydroxytyrosol, a fine chemical, is widely utilized in food and pharmaceutical industries. In this study, we constructed a pathway to produce hydroxytyrosol by co-expressing tyrosin-phenol lyase (TPL), L-amino acid dehydrogenase (aadL), α-keto acid decarboxylase (KAD), aldehyde reductase (yahK) and glucose dehydrogenase (gdh). We changed combinations between plasmids with different copy numbers and target genes, resulting in 84% increase in hydroxytyrosol production.

Synergistic effects of combined lead and iprodione exposure on P53 signaling-mediated hepatotoxicity, enterotoxicity and transgenerational toxicity in zebrafish.

Environmental heavy metal contamination, combined with inappropriate use of fungicides, has led to the co-existence of lead (Pb) and iprodione (IPR), presenting signification risks to ecosystems and human health. The toxic effects resulting from concurrent exposure to Pb and IPR, however, remain poorly understood. In the study, we conducted a comprehensive 60-day subchronic study to investigate the toxic effects on the liver and gut in parental male zebrafish through employing multi-omics analyses.

The Discovery of Oxathiapiprolin as a Potential Agent for the Control of Litchi Downy Blight Caused by and the Study of Its Mechanism of Action.

Oxathiapiprolin, a novel fungicide targeting oxysterol-binding proteins (OSBP), has proven to be effective against various oomycete diseases, but its effects on pathogens remain underexplored. In this study, we demonstrated that oxathiapiprolin inhibits mycelium growth, sporangium production, zoospore release, and oospore production in , with 50% effective concentrations ranging from 0.000153 to 0.

Enrichment of carcinoembryonic antigen by epitope molecularly imprinted polymer based on cucurbituril host-guest interaction.

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is a common tumor marker used to diagnose diseases. However, the use of molecularly imprinted polymer with whole proteins as templates or antibodies to identify and isolate CEA presents issues such as high prices and difficult removal of templates. Here, due to the specific binding of cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]) to N-terminal phenylalanine, we prepared a novel oriented epitope molecularly imprinting polymer based on host-guest interaction (hg-MIP) for the identification and separation of CEA.