Dosing of intravenous alprostadil in neonates with ductal-dependent CHD.

Introduction: Neonates with ductal-dependent CHD rely on the patency of the ductus arteriosus to maintain circulation. Alprostadil is utilised to maintain ductal patency, although optimal dosing has not been determined. This study aims to describe alprostadil dosing in neonates with ductal-dependent CHD.

Colonization with antiseptic tolerant in children with cancer: a longitudinal study.

Objective: In the and genes have been associated with elevated MICs to antiseptics with such organisms often termed antiseptic tolerant (ATSA). The impact of repeated healthcare or antiseptic exposure on colonization with ATSA is uncertain.

Design: Prospective longitudinal cohort study.

Supplementary Material for Projected Global Clinical, Humanistic, and Economic Impact of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis (MASH): The Cost of Inaction Based on Data from Nine Countries.

Background And Aim: Although the clinical burden of MASH is well known, its economic burden is less well described. We estimated MASH's economic burden in several regions of the world including the US, Germany, Spain, France, Italy, and United Kingdom (UK), Japan, Saudi Arabia, and Brazil over the next two decades.

Methods: A one-year cycle Markov model projected MASH progression from 2021 to 2040, incorporating 2020 prevalent cases and annual incident cases (2021-2040).

Development and analytical validation of a multiplex diagnostic qPCR-array as a potential application in predicting the response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in muscle invasive bladder cancer.

Bladder cancer (BC) remains a common malignancy, with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) comprising 20 % of cases and a poor 5-year survival rate of ∼50 %. While neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) followed by radical cystectomy is the standard treatment for locally advanced disease, NAC is limited by toxicity and non-response in many patients. Predictive biomarkers are urgently needed to guide treatment decisions.

Morning Larks and Night Owls: Considering Chronotype in Evaluation of Patients with Pulmonary Hypertension.

Background: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a systemic illness with increasingly subtle disease manifestations including sleep disruption. Patients with PH are at increased risk for disturbances in circadian biology, although to date there is no data on "morningness" or "eveningness" in pulmonary vascular disease.

Research Questions: Our group studied circadian rhythms in PH patients based upon chronotype analysis, to explore whether there is a link between circadian parameters and physiologic risk-stratifying factors to inform novel treatment strategies in patients with PH?

Study Design And Methods: We serially recruited participants from July 2022 to March 2024, administering in clinic the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire (MCTQ).

Protein intake counteracts alcohol intake in the regulation of postprandial FGF21 secretion in humans.

FGF21 is a hormone secreted from the liver in response to various nutritional stressors, suggested to be acting to balance dietary intake through negative feedback regulation. This meal study aimed to investigate two different potential nutrient interactions on postprandial FGF21 secretion in healthy human participants: 1) between intake of alcohol and protein and 2) between intake of alcohol and vitamin A (retinol). In a 4-arm, randomized, double-blinded, cross-over meal study (NCT06105476), postprandial circulating concentrations of FGF21, glucose, insulin, ethanol, and acetate were compared after intake of four different test drinks containing alcohol, alcohol+protein, alcohol+retinol or retinol in 27 healthy humans.

Investigating the Use of Melatonin in Children With Atopic Dermatitis: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background/objectives: Children with atopic dermatitis (AD) frequently experience sleep disturbances. Melatonin, an over-the-counter supplement, is increasingly used in the general pediatric population; however, its prevalence and perceived effectiveness in children with AD remain unclear.

Methods: Caregivers of pediatric patients (ages 1-17 years) with physician-diagnosed AD completed surveys on melatonin use, Patient Oriented Eczema Measure (POEM), and age-appropriate sleep questionnaires.

Shared Genetic Architecture Among Severe Mental Disorders: A System Biology Approach Based on Protein-Protein Interaction.

Introduction: The study explores shared genetic architecture among major psychiatric disorders-major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and post-traumatic stress disorder-emphasizing their overlapping molecular pathways. Using public datasets, we identified shared genes and examined their functional implications through protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA).

Methods: Genes associated with each disorder were identified through the NCBI Gene database.

Clinically significant bradycardia in children with respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis receiving dexmedetomidine: effect modification by mechanical ventilation.

Background: Limited evidence exists on the additive risk of bradycardia in children with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis receiving dexmedetomidine (DMED). We aim to study the association between RSV bronchiolitis and bradycardia during DMED administration.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 273 children under 2 years old admitted to the intensive care units at Boston Children's Hospital with severe bronchiolitis and sedated with DMED from 2009 to 2022.

Prospective evaluation of the adapted Ontario Protocol Assessment Level score for predicting clinical research coordinator workload: An internal validation study.

Background: The escalating complexity of clinical trial protocols has considerably increased the workload for research coordinators, exacerbating staffing shortages and contributing to operational inefficiencies. These challenges are particularly pronounced at under-resourced and minority-serving research institutions, where limited capacity may hinder the implementation of trials. Early and accurate estimation of research coordinator effort is essential for effective planning, resource management, and successful clinical trial conduct.

Provider Attitudes and Perceptions on Using Artificial Intelligence in Colonoscopy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background And Aims: Colonoscopy is the gold standard screening modality for colorectal cancer; however, it is operator-dependent and reliant on exam quality. Incorporating artificial intelligence (AI) into colonoscopy may improve adenoma detection and clinical outcomes, but this is a sociotechnical challenge that requires effective human-AI teaming incorporating provider attitudes.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review of studies evaluating attitudes and perspectives of providers toward AI-assisted colonoscopy.

Non-Sedated Intrauterine Device Experiences Among Transgender and Cisgender Adolescents and Young Adults in the Outpatient Setting.

Study Objectives: This study compares the demographic characteristics and experiences of three different groups of adolescent and young adults (AYAs) seeking non-sedated intrauterine device (IUD) insertion in the outpatient setting: (1) cisgender individuals, (2) transgender and gender diverse (TGD) individuals receiving gender-affirming testosterone therapy, and (3) TGD individuals not receiving gender-affirming testosterone therapy.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included AYAs age 13 to 21 years seeking IUD insertion. Data were obtained from the electronic health record via a pre-existing, multi-institutional shared quality improvement (QI) collaborative.

PTPN22-CD45 dual phosphatase retrograde feedback enhances TCR signaling and autoimmunity.

Protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor type 22 (PTPN22) is encoded by a gene strongly associated with lupus and other autoimmune diseases. PTPN22 regulates T cell receptor (TCR) signaling through dephosphorylation of the kinases lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase (LCK) and zeta-chain-associated protein kinase 70 (ZAP70). The regulation of PTPN22 remains poorly understood.

Context-based evidence: Pilot study to extract, repurpose, and distribute published data on OUD.

Objective: The effects of opioid use disorder (OUD) are devastating and wide-ranging. Although the information in the >43,000 manuscripts on OUD are searchable, gaining a comprehensive grasp of this information is out of reach to most persons. We present a pilot study to use published data on OUD, repurpose it for rapid comprehension and distribution to the world.

Maternal and perinatal outcomes in women aged 50 years and older: A nationwide cross-sectional study.

Aim: This study aimed to investigate maternal and perinatal outcomes in pregnancies among women aged50-54 and 55-59, to refine risk assessments and inform evidence-based counseling and perinatal management guidelines.

Methods: A nationwide registry maintained by the Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology identified pregnancies between January 2013 and December 2022. Analyses included women aged 45-59 years with assisted reproductive technology pregnancies, excluding triplet or higher-order multiple gestations.

Association between Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporter-2 Inhibitor Use and Prognosis in Underweight Patients with Diabetes Mellitus and Heart Failure.

Background & Aims: It remains unclear whether sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are effective for patients with underweight. This study aimed to elucidate the association between SGLT2 inhibitors use and prognosis in underweight patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and HF.

Methods: This study was a post-hoc analysis of data from the Japanese Registry of Acute Decompensated Heart Failure, a prospective, multicenter, observational, nationwide registry.

Alternate functions of physiological anticoagulants.

The anticoagulant proteins antithrombin (AT), protein C (PC), protein S (PS), and tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) are physiological regulators of the blood coagulation pathway and have complex roles in causing or modifying the severity of bleeding and clotting disorders. The anticoagulant activity, as well as alternative physiological functions, of these proteins also impact many other diseases beyond bleeding and clotting disorders. We searched PubMed for articles published between 2018 and early 2025 that pertained to alternative functions of these physiological anticoagulants in clinical disease and selected therapeutic applications in the following categories: cancer, cardiovascular disease, novel therapeutics, pregnancy health, inflammation and infection, blood-brain barrier protection, stroke, novel developments in thrombosis, and endothelial and platelet interactions.

IMpact of PerioperAtive KeTamine on Enhanced Recovery After abdominal Surgery (IMPAKT ERAS): a pragmatic randomised single-cluster trial.

Background: Despite widespread adoption of ketamine into enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols, research regarding its specific impact on perioperative outcomes is limited. This pragmatic, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, single-cluster trial evaluated the impact of ketamine on postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery within an established ERAS protocol.

Methods: Male and female patients, aged ≥18 yr, were randomised to ketamine or saline placebo bolus at induction of general anaesthesia, followed by an intraoperative and postoperative infusion for 48 h.

Late-onset Rasmussen encephalitis: 3 illustrative cases and a review of the literature.

Introduction: Late-onset Rasmussen encephalitis (LORE) is a rare, unihemispheric, progressive, inflammatory disorder causing severe neurological dysfunction and drug-resistant epilepsy with onset during late adolescence or adulthood. Due to the scarcity of available evidence, this study aims to improve its clinical characterization and summarize the distinctive features.

Development: Three illustrative cases are presented, including the clinical, neurophysiological, and neuroimaging work-up.

A novel three-dimensional evaluation protocol to assess the consistency of critical screw angles between preoperative planning and 3d-printed patient-specific acetabular revision prostheses.

Background: Screw fixation is pivotal for prosthetic stability. For 3D-printed customized acetabular revision prostheses designed for complex, large-scale bone defects, precise adherence to preoperative screw trajectory planning is critical. However, there remains a lack of standardized three-dimensional (3D) evaluation protocols to quantify intraoperative screw angular alignment fidelity relative to preoperative digital plans, hindering universal validation criteria.

Is Hearing Impairment Associated With Specific Behavioural and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia in Japanese Older Adults Attending a Memory Clinic?

Background: Behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD), encompassing disturbances in perception, thought, mood and behaviour, are prevalent among individuals with dementia and can substantially affect their quality of life. Although prior research has suggested that hearing impairment (HI) may exacerbate BPSD due to communication difficulties and diminished social engagement, the relationship between HI and specific BPSD manifestations remains insufficiently explored. This study aims to examine the association between HI and distinct BPSD in individuals with cognitive decline attending a memory clinic.

Oral Health Indicators among a sample of Hispanic Patients diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the oral health and the associated health disparities of pediatric patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

Methods: This non-matched, case-control study recruited 22 subjects diagnosed with ASD (cases) and 27 without ASD (controls) aged 5-18 years. Two calibrated dentists performed dental exams for caries and gingivitis on all subjects.

The Clinical and Translational Science Award compendium of dissemination and implementation science resource catalogs: Capacity building tools for clinical and translational scientists.

This paper describes the development and initial implementation of the Compendium of D&I Catalogs, a tool created by a Clinical and Translational Science Awards (CTSA) consortium working group to streamline navigation of the proliferating online resources, catalogs and interactive tools designed to guide application of dissemination and implementation (D&I) science. The Compendium is a curated, dynamically-updated list of 35 D&I resource catalogs organized into eight categories: comprehensive resources; frameworks, theories, and models; methods and measures; funding; practitioner resources; training; CTSA infrastructure; health equity. Eight CTSA hubs volunteered to serve as "early adopters" for the tool and completed an evaluation of its initial implementation.