Characteristics of Pediatric Dental Injuries and Predictive Factors for Long Treatment Duration.

Objectives: This study was performed to identify the characteristics of oral and maxillofacial injuries in children and determine factors influencing a treatment duration of more than 1 month using medical records.

Material And Methods: This retrospective observational study reviewed medical records of 258 children (< 16 years of age) with maxillofacial trauma treated at a university hospital between 2011 and 2021. Patients with and without tooth fractures or dislocations were compared, and the prevalence of injuries was analyzed across three age groups (0-2, 3-5, ≥ 6 years).

Risk Stratification Using DIPSS and Splenomegaly in Myelofibrosis Treated with Pre-Transplant JAK inhibitors.

The Dynamic International Prognostic Scoring System for primary myelofibrosis (DIPSS) has been reported to predict transplant outcomes in myelofibrosis (MF) patients. Recently, the pre-transplant use of JAK inhibitors has become common in clinical practice, but it is unclear whether DIPSS is also useful for predicting transplant outcomes for these patients. In this study, we compared the prognostic impact of DIPSS between MF patients with and without pre-transplant Ruxolitinib therapy.

Loss-Prone HLA Class I Alleles Inform Outcomes of Early Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation in Acquired Aplastic Anemia.

HLA class I allele loss in acquired aplastic anemia (AA) represents an immune escape from the T cell-mediated pathogenesis. We investigated the impact of loss-prone HLA alleles on the hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) outcomes using registry data of 875 Japanese patients with acquired AA. HLA associations were evident exclusively among 399 patients who received HCT within 1 year of the diagnosis, consistent with the predominance of HLA loss in this group.

Intracardiac Echocardiography Guided Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement in a Severe Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patient Ineligible for Standard Echocardiography.

Intracardiac echocardiography can be performed under local anesthesia and provides real-time monitoring with high image quality without interference from the procedure during transcatheter aortic valve replacement, even when transthoracic echocardiography and transesophageal echocardiography guidance are not appropriate owing to the patient's severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Virtual reality navigation for the early detection of Alzheimer's disease.

Objective: The development of non-invasive clinical diagnostics is paramount for the early detection of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Neurofibrillary tangles in AD originate from the entorhinal cortex, a cortical memory area that mediates navigation via path integration (PI). Here, we studied correlations between PI errors and levels of a range of AD biomarkers using a 3D virtual reality navigation system to explore PI as a non-invasive surrogate marker for early detection.

A theoretical interpretation of diffusion weighted and intravoxel incoherent motion imaging for cerebrospinal fluid flow.

Purpose: Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) imaging are well-established approaches for evaluating cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow in subarachnoid and perivascular spaces, and have recently been applied to study ventricular CSF flow. However, DWI does not directly measure flow velocity, and the physical implications of DWI measurements are unclear. This study aimed to provide a theoretical interpretation of the DWI and IVIM imaging of CSF flow velocity fields.

Safety and efficacy of arsenic trioxide in intensification therapy for newly diagnosed childhood acute promyelocytic leukemia: results from the JPLSG AML-P13 study.

Arsenic trioxide (ATO) in combination with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) has been shown to be effective in both adult and pediatric patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Addition of ATO to conventional chemotherapy could lead to a reduction in the doses of cytotoxic agents, but the long-term safety of ATO is not fully understood, especially in children. The Japan Children's Cancer Group conducted a risk-stratified prospective study to investigate safety and efficacy of ATO in children with newly diagnosed APL by replacing all three intensification phases with ATO.

Three Biologic-Naïve Patients with Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis Showing Significant Clinical Improvement with Tezepelumab.

Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis is characterized by hypersensitivity to spp. and often causes intractable asthma. Studies have been conducted on biologics administered to patients with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis; however, treatment may not always be successful.

Secondary musculoskeletal disability and rehabilitation aspects in adults with thalidomide embryopathy: A narrative review.

To review musculoskeletal disabilities and rehabilitation in adults with thalidomide embryopathy (TE), the authors reviewed the literature related to musculoskeletal disability, quality of life (QOL) and rehabilitation intervention in adults with TE, obtained through a PubMed search, and their experience in clinical practice with Japanese individuals. Through literature search, 25 studies were included for this review. Literature search results and the authors' experiences revealed that, in adults with TE, upper limb disabilities included neuropathy, mainly due to carpal tunnel syndrome; finger pain due to tenosynovitis; and symptoms caused by osteoarthritis, mainly in the shoulders.

Smartphone application-based interventions for cardiometabolic risk factor management: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

We previously conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis examining the effects of smartphone application-based interventions on blood pressure (BP). Building on that work, here we present a secondary analysis which explored the effects of these interventions on cardiometabolic risk factors. We searched MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library, and Ichushi for randomized controlled trials and observational studies comparing smartphone application-based interventions with usual care excluding digital technologies.

Vendor-neutral MR bone imaging in musculoskeletal imaging.

A vendor-neutral MR bone imaging technique based on 3D time-of-flight MR angiography with spoiled gradient recalled acquisition in the steady state (TOF-SPGR) was developed to enhance the depiction of bone and calcification/ossification. This approach is independent of scanner manufacturer and application type, enabling reduced radiation exposure by replacing or triaging further CT examinations. This article describes the optimization of scan parameters for clinical musculoskeletal protocols and explores its clinical applications with representative cases.

Is Hearing Impairment Associated With Specific Behavioural and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia in Japanese Older Adults Attending a Memory Clinic?

Background: Behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD), encompassing disturbances in perception, thought, mood and behaviour, are prevalent among individuals with dementia and can substantially affect their quality of life. Although prior research has suggested that hearing impairment (HI) may exacerbate BPSD due to communication difficulties and diminished social engagement, the relationship between HI and specific BPSD manifestations remains insufficiently explored. This study aims to examine the association between HI and distinct BPSD in individuals with cognitive decline attending a memory clinic.

Papillary Muscle Rupture During Percutaneous Transvenous Mitral Commissurotomy: An Uncommon Scenario Exempt From Emergency Surgical Conversion.

Papillary muscle rupture is a rare but serious complication during percutaneous transvenous mitral commissurotomy (PTMC). In many cases, it leads to acute significant mitral regurgitation (MR), requiring urgent surgical repair. We performed PTMC for a 49-year-old woman with symptomatic moderate rheumatic mitral stenosis.

AHA's Life's Essential-8 cardiovascular health metrics and progression of coronary artery calcification in Japanese men.

Background And Aims: The American Heart Association's Life's Essential-8 (LE8) cardiovascular health (CVH) metrics is considered a comprehensive framework for optimal cardiovascular wellbeing. However, its relationship with the progression of subclinical atherosclerosis, like coronary artery calcification (CAC), is not clarified. We investigated the associations of LE8 CVH metrics with the prevalence and progression of CAC in Japanese men.

Procedural Characteristics and Safety of Slender Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Slender Is Better.

Objectives: We aimed to examine the procedural characteristics and safety profile of slender percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) using a 5 Fr or smaller sheath.

Background: Smaller catheter size has been associated with fewer complications in PCI.

Methods: Our retrospective observational study included 259,401 cases of stable elective PCI from the Japan Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Registry between 2021 and 2022.

JSH encourages food companies to develop and promote low-salt foods.

The 107 products from 26 companies are certified from April,2024 to March, 2025. In 2024, annual sales of these products were about 55 billion yen (A) and approximately 1156 t of salt was estimated to be reduced compared to the original food contents (B).

The Era of Gene Therapy: The Advancement of Lentiviral Vectors and Their Pseudotyping.

Over 35 years of history, the field of gene therapy has undergone much progress. The initial concept-the replacement of dysfunctional genes with correct ones-has advanced to the next stage and reached the level of precise genome editing. Dozens of gene therapy products based on viral and non-viral delivery platforms have been approved, marking the dawn of the gene therapy era.

Machine learning-based models for prediction of in-hospital mortality in patients with dengue shock syndrome.

Background: Severe dengue children with critical complications have been attributed to high mortality rates, varying from approximately 1% to over 20%. To date, there is a lack of data on machine-learning-based algorithms for predicting the risk of in-hospital mortality in children with dengue shock syndrome (DSS).

Aim: To develop machine-learning models to estimate the risk of death in hospitalized children with DSS.

Key highlights of the Japanese Society of Hypertension Guidelines for the management of elevated blood pressure and hypertension 2025 (JSH2025).

Japan has long maintained a robust national health system with universal health coverage and accessible antihypertensive therapy. Nevertheless, population-level blood pressure (BP) control remains suboptimal. To address this public health challenge, the Japanese Society of Hypertension published the Guidelines for the Management of Elevated Blood Pressure and Hypertension 2025 (JSH2025), integrating evidence-based recommendations and practical approaches to improve hypertension care.

Preoperative Predictive Nomogram (DASINEL Score) for Early Recurrence in Pancreatic Cancer.

Background/aim: Early recurrence (ER) following radical resection of pancreatic cancer (PC) is associated with poor survival outcomes, regardless of whether patients receive upfront surgery or neoadjuvant therapy (NAT). This study aimed to explore risk factors for ER across all treatment settings for PC.

Patients And Methods: In this retrospective study, 146 patients who underwent radical resection of PC were enrolled at the Shiga University of Medical Science Hospital.

How Musculoskeletal Tumor Management Changed During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Data from a Nationwide Questionnaire Survey of Hospitals Specializing in Musculoskeletal Tumors in Japan.

Background: While changes in clinical practice during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan have been widely studied, data specific to bone and soft tissue tumor care remain limited.

Methods: A nationwide web-based survey was conducted among hospitals specializing in musculoskeletal tumors. It assessed the occurrence of COVID-19-related events (patient infections, outbreak clusters, and staff infections), delays in referral and diagnosis, postponement or cancellation of specific treatments, and changes in institutional management strategies.

Genome sequencing provides high diagnostic yield and new etiological insights for intellectual disability and developmental delay.

Short-read genome sequencing (GS) is a powerful technique for investigating the genetic etiologies of rare diseases, capturing diverse genetic variations that are challenging to approach with exome sequencing (ES). We performed GS on 260 families with intellectual disability/developmental delay. GS detected potentially disease-related variants in 55 of the 260 families, with structural resolution by long-read sequencing or optical genome mapping, and functional assessment by RNA sequencing.