Microglia-to-neuron signaling links and inflammation to enhanced neuronal lipid metabolism and network activity.

Microglia regulate neuronal circuit plasticity. Disrupting their homeostatic function has detrimental effects on neuronal circuit health. Neuroinflammation contributes to the onset and progression of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), with several microglial activation genes linked to increased risk for these conditions.

The impact of driving versus undistracted listening on podcast knowledge acquisition and retention using a driving simulator: A randomized, cross-over trial.

Introduction: Research on listening to podcasts while driving suggested no significant difference compared to undistracted listening. However, these studies were conducted in non-controlled driving environments, limiting the evaluation of the environment's impact. This study aimed to compare knowledge acquisition and retention among resident physicians and undergraduate students while listening to medical education podcasts in a controlled, simulator-based, driving environment versus an undistracted listening condition.

A Minimally Invasive Method for Generating a Syngeneic Orthotopic Mouse Model of Lung Cancer.

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) continues to be the number one cause of cancer-related death for both women and men worldwide. More information needs to be gathered to understand the interactions between cancer cells, the immune system, the microenvironment within each tumor, and the host tissue to develop more effective treatment modalities. Reported here is a simple, repeatable method for inducing cancer within the mouse lung, allowing for the monitoring of tumor growth from early to late-stage disease.

Incidence and Prevalence of Frontotemporal Dementia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Importance: Comprehensive incidence and prevalence rates of frontotemporal dementia are currently not available.

Objective: To estimate the incidence and prevalence of frontotemporal dementia and its clinical variants in the overall population and age subgroups.

Data Sources And Study Selection: We systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Scopus between January 1, 1990, and October 22, 2024, for population-based studies estimating the incidence and/or prevalence of FTD.

Self-Bondable and Strain-Durable Electroceuticals Using Self-Healing and Stretchable Conducting Nanocomposite Trilayer for Effective Vagus Nerve Stimulation.

Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is a promising therapy for neurological and inflammatory disorders across multiple organ systems. However, conventional rigid interfaces fail to accommodate dynamic mechanical environments, leading to mechanical mismatches, tissue irritation, and unstable long-term interfaces. Although soft neural interfaces address these limitations, maintaining mechanical durability and stable electrical performance remains challenging.

An Indirect Treatment Comparison of Avalglucosidase Alfa versus Cipaglucosidase Alfa Plus Miglustat in Patients with Late-Onset Pompe Disease.

Introduction: No head-to-head studies comparing the efficacy of avalglucosidase alfa (AVA) with cipaglucosidase alfa + miglustat (Cipa+mig) have been conducted in patients with late-onset Pompe disease (LOPD). Two indirect treatment comparisons (ITCs) were conducted to estimate the effects of AVA versus Cipa+mig.

Methods: ITCs were conducted using simulated treatment comparisons (STCs), adjusting for differences in prognostic factors and treatment effect modifiers.

The Role of Neuroglia in Cognitive Longevity.

The concept of the central nervous system (CNS) reserve emerged from the mismatch often observed between the extent of brain pathology and its clinical manifestations. The cognitive reserve reflects an "active" capacity, driven by the plasticity of CNS cellular components and shaped by experience, learning, and memory processes that increase resilience. We propose that neuroglial cells are central to defining this resilience and cognitive reserve.

Effectiveness of Enhanced Developmental Screening at 18 Months to Identify Developmental Delays.

Objective: We sought to measure whether receipt of an enhanced 18-month well-baby visit with use of a developmental screening tool versus a routine 18-month well-baby visit (which typically involves developmental surveillance without screening) is associated with time to identification of developmental delays.

Method: We conducted a cohort study of children (17-22 months) in Ontario who received an 18-month well-baby visit (March 2020‒March 2022), followed to September 2022 using linked health administrative datasets. Visits were categorized as enhanced (n = 83,554) or routine (n = 15,723).

Tonal Tinnitus Does Not Interfere with Tone Detection at the Tinnitus Pitch-Matched Frequency.

Individuals with tinnitus hear sounds that are not present in the external environment. Whereas hearing difficulties at frequencies near those matching the tinnitus pitch are a common complaint for individuals with tinnitus, it is unclear to what extent the internal tinnitus sounds interfere with the detection of external sounds. We therefore studied whether pure-tone detection at the estimated frequency corresponding to the tinnitus pitch (f) was affected by confusion with the tinnitus percept.

PI(3)P coordinates SNX17- and SNX27-dependent protein recycling for long-term synaptic plasticity.

Two major protein recycling pathways have emerged as key regulators of enduring forms of synaptic plasticity, such as long-term potentiation (LTP), yet how these pathways are recruited during plasticity is unknown. Phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate (PI(3)P) is a key regulator of endosomal trafficking and alterations in this lipid have been linked to neurodegeneration. Here, using primary hippocampal neurons, we demonstrate dynamic PI(3)P synthesis during chemical induction of LTP (cLTP), which drives coordinate recruitment of the SNX17-Retriever and SNX27-Retromer pathways to endosomes and synaptic sites.

Extrachromosomal DNA-Driven Oncogene Spatial Heterogeneity and Evolution in Glioblastoma.

Unlabelled: Oncogenes amplified on extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) contribute to treatment resistance and poor survival across cancers. Currently, the spatiotemporal evolution of ecDNA remains poorly understood. In this study, we integrate computational modeling with samples from 94 treatment-naive human glioblastomas (GBM) to investigate the spatiotemporal evolution of ecDNA.

Preparatory attentional templates in prefrontal and sensory cortex encode target-associated information.

Visual search relies on the ability to use information about the target in working memory to guide attention and make target-match decisions. The 'attentional' or 'target' template is thought to be encoded within an inferior frontal junction (IFJ)-visual attentional network. While this template typically contains veridical target features, behavioral studies have shown that target-associated information, such as statistically co-occurring object pairs, can also guide attention.

No Association Between Vocal Emotion Recognition and Subjective Parental Reporting of Alexithymia in School-Age Children With Hearing Aids.

Objectives: Alexithymia is characterized by difficulties in identifying and describing one's own emotions. Alexithymia has previously been associated with deficits in the processing of emotional information at both behavioral and neurobiological levels, and some studies have shown elevated levels of alexithymic traits in adults with hearing loss. This explorative study investigated alexithymia in young and adolescent school-age children with hearing aids in relation to (1) a sample of age-matched children with normal hearing, (2) age, (3) hearing thresholds, and (4) vocal emotion recognition.

Distinctive Progression Patterns of Brain Structural Damage Aid Classification of Frontotemporal Dementia Variants.

Background: Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) encompasses diverse clinical phenotypes, primarily characterized by behavioral and/or language dysfunction. A newly characterized variant, semantic behavioral variant FTD (sbvFTD), exhibits predominant right temporal atrophy with features bridging behavioral variant FTD (bvFTD) and semantic variant primary progressive aphasia (svPPA). This study investigates the longitudinal structural MRI correlates of these FTD variants, focusing on cortical and subcortical structural damage to aid differential diagnosis and prognosis.

Comparative Safety Profiles of Ocrelizumab and Rituximab in Multiple Sclerosis Treatment Using Real-World Evidence.

Objective: The objective of this study was to compare the long-term safety profiles of ocrelizumab and rituximab in persons with multiple sclerosis (MS).

Methods: Using retrospective data from the University of California (UC) Health System, we simulated a target clinical trial. The primary cohort from UC San Francisco (UCSF) and a validation cohort from 5 other UC Medical Centers were analyzed.

Identifying Poor Responders to STN DBS in Parkinson Disease: The Role of Rapid Disease Progression in the First Year in Optimal Responders to Levodopa.

Background: The factors contributing to a poor response to subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) in Parkinson's disease (PD) are not yet fully understood. Accordingly, predicting the outcome might be challenging particularly in those who display an optimal response to the Levodopa challenge test.

Objective: To determine which factors may contribute to poor outcome of STN-DBS in PD.

Unpacking the Medial Temporal Lobe: Separating Recollection and Familiarity.

Our understanding of how the medial temporal lobe (MTL) contributes to human cognition has advanced enormously over the past half a century. My work in the 1990s characterizing the role of recollection and familiarity processes in episodic memory led me to study the MTL's role in these two memory processes. In the current paper, I provide a personal commentary in which I describe the motivating ideas, as well as the invaluable impact of mentors, colleagues, and students that led to a series of studies showing that conscious recollection is critically dependent on the hippocampus, whereas familiarity-based judgments are dependent on regions such as the perirhinal cortex.

Hyperphosphorylated Tau Induces Cortical Hypoexcitability in Transgenic Mouse Models: A Meta-Analysis.

Background: Neurofibrillary tangles, composed of hyperphosphorylated tau, have been implicated in the cognitive impairments observed in Alzheimer's disease. While the precise mechanism remains elusive, cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease have been associated with disrupted brain network activity. To investigate this mechanism, researchers have developed several tau transgenic models.

Inhibition of cGAS Reduces Brain Injury and Facilitates Neurological Recovery via the STING-Mediated Signaling Pathway After Germinal Matrix Hemorrhage in Neonatal Mice.

Background: Germinal matrix hemorrhage (GMH) is a common complication of premature infants with lifelong neurological consequences. Inflammation-mediated blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption has been implicated as a main mechanism of secondary brain injury after GMH. The cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway plays a crucial role in inflammation, yet its involvement in GMH pathophysiology remains unclear.

Brexpiprazole in the Management of Schizophrenia: A Consensus Report of Best Practices From Acute to Maintenance Treatment.

Brexpiprazole is a second-generation antipsychotic with multiple indications, including the treatment of schizophrenia. As a partial dopamine agonist, brexpiprazole differs from most other antipsychotics, yet uncertainties about its full mechanism of action have led to some ambiguity among prescribers. To address this gap, an international panel of psychiatric experts was organized and convened with funding from Otsuka Pharmaceutical Europe Ltd and H.

Case Report: Pathogenic variants and nonsense-mediated mRNA decay result in an early-onset neutral lipid storage disease with myopathy.

Neutral Lipid Storage Disease with Myopathy (NLSDM) is a rare lipid metabolism disorder caused by impaired Adipose Triglyceride Lipase (ATGL) activity, leading to neutral lipid accumulation in various tissues. It typically manifests with progressive skeletal myopathy, with an onset of around 35 years. In addition, some patients develop cardiomyopathy and liver dysfunction.

Posturographic analysis of induced emotion: a scoping review.

Posturography is a useful technique that allows to explore postural control, a complex motor skill enabling body orientation and stability. Analyzing postural control is one way to assess body responses to various emotional stimuli. By examining the displacement of the center of pressure, it is possible to investigate postural adjustments of individuals confronted with emotional stimuli.