Incidence and Prevalence of Frontotemporal Dementia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Importance: Comprehensive incidence and prevalence rates of frontotemporal dementia are currently not available.

Objective: To estimate the incidence and prevalence of frontotemporal dementia and its clinical variants in the overall population and age subgroups.

Data Sources And Study Selection: We systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Scopus between January 1, 1990, and October 22, 2024, for population-based studies estimating the incidence and/or prevalence of FTD.

The Glymphatic System and Sleep Dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by both motor and nonmotor symptoms, including significant sleep disturbances. The glymphatic system, a brain-wide clearance mechanism active during sleep, may play a key role in PD pathology by impairing the removal of toxic proteins like α-synuclein. Dysfunctional glymphatic clearance and disrupted sleep may create a cycle that accelerates neurodegeneration.

Resting-state EEG gamma power predicts immediate and delayed recall in healthy adults.

Objective: Resting-state EEG (rsEEG) provides insights into neural mechanisms underlying memory by reflecting intrinsic brain activity. This study tested whether rsEEG spectral power and theta-gamma phase-amplitude coupling (PAC) can predict memory performance in healthy adults.

Methods: Twenty-four healthy adults participated in two rsEEG recording sessions, followed by memory tests assessing multimodal Working Memory (WM), Immediate Recall (IR), and Delayed Recall (DR).

Reliable New Biomarkers of Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress and Neuroinflammation in Cerebrospinal Fluid and Plasma from Alzheimer's Disease Patients: A Pilot Study.

Mitochondrial oxidative stress and neuroinflammation are involved in the onset and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Novel reliable, circulating biomarkers related to these processes were searched in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma samples. Paired CSF and plasma samples from 20 subjective memory complaints (SMC) subjects, 20 mild cognitive impairment (MCI) due to AD subjects, and 20 Alzheimer's dementia (ADd) patients were analyzed.

Striatal dopaminergic patterns and clinical features in frontotemporal dementia.

Frontotemporal dementia is a group of neurodegenerative disorders mainly characterized by behavioural and language impairments. While the precise pathophysiology remains elusive, emerging evidence points to an important role of dopamine dysfunction, particularly within the caudate nucleus. Moreover, a theoretical model proposes that frontotemporal dementia manifestations result from a deficit in goal-directed behaviour, which may be related to altered dopamine control of the frontostriatal circuitry.

Heterogeneity of frequencies of motor neuron disease across ethnicities and geographical areas: focus on Arabic countries in the Mediterranean area.

Purpose Of Review: Although amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) epidemiology has been increasingly characterized in many regions, data from Arabic countries remain limited. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge on the burden of ALS in Arabic Mediterranean countries, with a particular focus on Egypt.

Recent Findings: ALS exhibits significant geographic and ethnic variability in terms of incidence, phenotype, and genetic background.

Underdetection of neurocognitive disorders in Southern Italy: Evidence from the Salento region.

Background: Neurocognitive disorders, including dementia and mild cognitive impairment, are increasingly prevalent, demanding efficient detection and management strategies.

Objectives: This study is part of the Puglia Region's initiative under the Italian Dementia National Plan (DNP) and aimed to assess the capacity of the Lecce province healthcare system to identify new neurocognitive disorders cases by comparing observed cases with expected rates derived from meta-analyses and Global Burden of Disease estimates.

Design: Using complete case ascertainment across 10 hospital-based and community centers, a total of 857 incident cases were identified in one year, including 441 Minor neurocognitive disorders (51.

Multiparametric MRI-based biomarkers in the non-fluent and semantic variants of primary progressive aphasia.

Background: The non-fluent (nfPPA) and semantic (svPPA) variants of primary progressive aphasia exhibit distinct clinical features. We investigated whether diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and atlas-based volumetry (ABV) could reveal divergent patterns of longitudinal changes in brain white matter microstructure and gray matter volumes.

Methods: MRI datasets from 29 nfPPA, 27 svPPA, and 39 controls were analyzed.

Correlation Between Irisin and Cognitive Functions in Alzheimer Dementia.

Objective: The myokine irisin, a recent positive mediator of exercise in the brain, shows neuroprotective functions against Alzheimer's disease (AD). The association between irisin and cognition has never been explored in a biologically defined cohort of patients. Thus, in the present study, we investigated the association of irisin with multidomain cognition in patients showing dementia-related symptomatology.

Clinical use and reporting of neurofilament quantification in neurological disorders: A global overview.

Introduction: Neurofilament light chain (NfL) quantification aids in diagnosing and predicting neurological disorders, but clinical and laboratory practices vary across centers. Differences in result interpretation and reporting further challenge test commutability. This study aimed to review the global analytical and post-analytical methods used for NfL measurement in routine clinical practice across different contexts.

Understanding barriers and optimizing socio-cognitive assessment in the diagnosis of neurocognitive disorders.

Harmonized neuropsychological assessment for neurocognitive disorders (NCDs) is an urgent priority in clinics. Neuropsychology assessments in NCDs seldom include tests exploring social cognitive skills. In 2022, we launched the SIGNATURE initiative to optimize socio-cognitive assessment in NCDs.

Donanemab eligibility in early Alzheimer's disease: A real-world study.

This study evaluates the real-world eligibility of patients with early Alzheimer's disease (AD) for donanemab, a monoclonal antibody targeting amyloid plaques. At a tertiary center in Italy, 408 patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or mild AD were assessed against clinical trial criteria. While 41% were amyloid-positive, only 10.

Radiomics feature similarity: A novel approach for characterizing brain network changes in patients with behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia.

Introduction: Network modeling is increasingly used to study brain alterations in neurological disorders. In this study, we apply a novel modeling approach based on the similarity of regional radiomics feature to characterize gray matter network changes in patients with behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) using MRI data.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we assessed structural 3 T MRI data from twenty patients with bvFTD and 20 cognitively normal controls.

Contribution of fatigue experienced by Parkinson's Disease patients on caregiver burden.

Background: Fatigue is a common non-motor symptom (NMS) in Parkinson's disease (PD), affecting up to 50% of patients. It is suggested that PD-related fatigue may contribute to the burden perceived by caregivers.

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the impact of PD-related fatigue on caregiver burden.

Radiomic alterations and clinical correlates of hypothalamic nuclei in ALS.

Objective: The aim of this study is to analyze hypothalamic changes and clinical/metabolic correlates with a radiomic approach in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS).

Methods: We retrospectively identified 54 sporadic ALS patients and 53 matched controls. We compared radiomics features over hypothalamic subunits in T1-weighted.

Structural covariance network patterns linked to neuropsychiatric symptoms in biologically defined Alzheimer's disease: Insights from the mild behavioral impairment checklist.

Background: The frequent presentation of Alzheimer's disease (AD) with neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) in the context of normal or minimally-impaired cognitive function led to the concept of Mild Behavioral Impairment (MBI). While MBI's impact on subsequent cognitive decline is recognized, its association with brain network changes in biologically-defined AD remains unexplored.

Objective: To investigate the correlation of structural covariance networks with MBI-C checklist sub-scores in biologically-defined AD patients.

Assessment of clinical prognosis in autoimmune encephalitis: Girona score.

Background: The assessment of clinical prognosis in autoimmune encephalitis: Girona (ACPE-Gi) score is a scale for evaluating the severity in the acute phase of autoimmune encephalitis (AE) and predicting the risk of disability at 3 months, measured by modified Rankin scale (mRS).

Methods: Patients were strictly diagnosed with AE according to the current criteria between 1 January 2009 to 31 March 2023 at the University Hospital Dr. Josep Trueta of Girona, Catalonia, Spain.

Predicting survival rate by plasma biomarkers and clinical variables in syndromes associated with frontotemporal lobar degeneration.

Introduction: Modeling the survival rate in syndromes associated with frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) is essential to assess disease trajectories.

Methods: In 262 patients with FTLD, we considered plasma neurofilament light chain (NfL), glial fibrillary acidic protein, brain-derived tau, phosphorylated tau217 and amyloid beta (Aβ42/Aβ40). The FTLD Survival Score (FTLD-SS) was calculated by the β coefficients of the variables independently associated with survival rate.

Randomized clinical trial (RCT): An overview.

•Randomized Clinical Trials (RCTs) are the gold standard for human experimental studies.•RCTs demand equipoise and freedom from treatment preference among investigators.•Neurologic RCTs are costly, time-intensive, and have high participant exclusion rates.

Cognitive reserve linked to network-specific brain-ventricle coupling modes.

Despite showing significant impact in cognitive preservation, the relationship between brain activity captured with functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) in gray matter and ventricular cerebrospinal fluid dynamics remains poorly understood. We analyzed 599 fMRI scans from 163 elderly participants at rest with varying degrees of cognitive impairment employing a unified phase coupling analysis that breaks from convention by incorporating both tissue and ventricular signal fluctuations. This whole-brain approach identified distinct brain-ventricle coupling modes that differentiate between cognitive status groups and correlate with specific cognitive abilities.

Correlations between Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers and Gray Matter Atrophy in Alzheimer's and Behavioural Variant Frontotemporal Dementia.

Introduction: Distinguishing between frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) in their early stages remains a significant clinical challenge. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers (total Tau, phosphorylated Tau, and beta-amyloid) are promising candidates for identifying early differences between these conditions. This study investigates the relationship between grey matter density and CSF markers in the behavioural variant of frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD).

An Atypical Case of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Syndrome Presenting with Cacosmia and Amyloid Positivity.

This report presents a challenging case of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD), a rare and rapidly progressing neurological disorder. The patient exhibited diverse and progressive neuro-psychiatric symptoms, including memory impairment, behavioral changes, and hallucinations associated with cacosmia. The diagnosis of CJD is complicated due to its variable clinical presentation, limited awareness, and the need for tissue pathology confirmation.