A novel fluorescent probe, triphenylamine rhodamine-3-acetic acid (mRA) for the detection of Amyloid-β aggregates in Alzheimer's disease.

Amyloid-β (Aβ) is implicated in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and plays a significant role in neuronal degeneration. Aβ in solution is essential during the initial stages of developing lead compounds that influence Aβ fibrillation. The tendency of the Aβ peptide to misfold in solution is correlated with the etiology of AD.

Iron activates Alzheimer's amyloid precursor protein synthesis through an iron responsive element (IRE) mRNA binding to translation initiation factor.

Amyloid precursor protein (APP) contributes significantly to neuronal degeneration and is linked to the etiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Iron increases synthesis rates of the Alzheimer's APP through an iron responsive element (IRE) RNA stem loop in their 5'-untranslated regions (5'-UTRs). Docking results revealed the binding of APP IRE with eIF4F with appreciable binding affinity, making several close interactions involving hydrogen bonding.

Metformin Protects Human Insulin from Fructosylation: An in Vitro Biochemical Study.

Introduction: Fructose, like other sugars and sugar metabolites, is capable of glycating protein. Insulin's fructosylation leads to the generation of Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs). Reducing sugars reaction with proteins to form Schiff's bases, which are characterized by the presence of an imine (C=N) bond.

Mechanistic Roles of Transcriptional Cyclin-Dependent Kinases in Oncogenesis: Implications for Cancer Therapy.

Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are pivotal in regulating cell cycle progression and transcription, making them crucial targets in cancer research. The two types of CDKs that regulate different biological activities are transcription-associated CDKs (e.g.

Identification of high-affinity inhibitors for epoxide hydrolase 2 from repurposed drugs in Parkinson's disease therapeutics.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra that leads to bradykinesia and rest tremors. While the molecular mechanisms underlying PD are not fully understood, rising evidence shows neuroinflammation as a key factor in dopaminergic neuron damage. The soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) has appeared as a key player in neuroinflammation associated with PD which represents itself as a promising drug target.

Essential oils from Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Mentha piperita L., and Rosmarinus officinalis L.: a new frontier in combating antibiotic-resistant E. coli by inducing cellular components release.

Escherichia coli biofilms, a major cause of persistent infections, often exhibit resistance to conventional antibiotics. This study investigates the potential of essential oils derived from Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Mentha piperita L., and Rosmarinus officinalis L.

Essential oils of Citrus limon, Cymbopogon citratus, and Lavandula officinalis disrupt E. coli biofilms by inducing cellular damage.

Biofilms by E. coli is not only the primary cause of recurrent urinary tract infections, but also lead to medical device-associated infections. Ever increasing antibiotic resistance due to biofilms has sparked a search for plant-based replacements.

Mechanistic insights into the inhibition of microtubule affinity-regulating kinase 4 by Syringic acid: A computational and experimental study.

Microtubule affinity regulating kinase 4 (MARK4) is a vital protein kinase that serves as a dual target in cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. It is implicated in the development of tauopathies and also linked to the pathogenesis of several cancer types, implying its importance. Syringic acid is a naturally occurring phenolic molecule that has shown significant efficacies in cancer and neurodegenerative diseases by modulating several key pathways.

Multi-target approach to Alzheimer's disease prevention and treatment: antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and amyloid- modulating mechanisms.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by amyloid-β (Aβ) plaque accumulation, neurofibrillary tangles, neuroinflammation, and progressive cognitive decline, posing a significant global health challenge. Growing evidence suggests that dietary polyphenols may reduce the risk and progression of AD through multifaceted neuroprotective mechanisms. Polyphenols regulate amyloid proteostasis by inhibiting β/γ-secretase activity, preventing Aβ aggregation, and enhancing clearance pathways.

Impacts of tourism on LULC and LST dynamics in district Buner and Shangla, Pakistan.

Tourism activities are changing the global landscape pattern. This study attempted to estimate changes in Land Use Land Cover (LULC) and Land Surface Temperature (LST) in District Buner and Shangla, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), Pakistan, and specifically its tourist spots. Using remote sensing data from satellites (1990-2020) and future projections (2035-2050), we applied Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Cellular Automata Markov (CA-Markov) models to examine past and future LULC and LST dynamics across two districts including four major tourist spots (Shangla Top as tourist spot one (TS1), Bar Puran (TS2), Shahida Sar (TS3), and Daggar (TS4).

A Promising Druggable Target for Translational Therapy of Ovarian Cancer: A Molecular Profiling of Therapeutic Innovations, Extracellular Vesicle Acquired Resistance, and Signaling Pathways.

Ovarian cancer (OC) ranks as the fifth leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States, posing a significant threat to female health. Late-stage diagnoses, driven by elusive symptoms often masquerading as gastrointestinal issues, contribute to a concerning 70% of cases being identified in advanced stages. While early-stage OC brags a 90% cure rate, progression involving pelvic organs or extending beyond the peritoneal cavity drastically diminishes it.

Employing spectroscopic, calorimetric and structural bioinformatics approaches to decipher the binding mechanism of mangiferin with human transferrin.

In recent times, neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD) and others, represent a major global health challenge with increasing prevalence and significant socio-economic impact. These diseases, characterized by progressive neuronal loss, currently lack effective therapies. Phytochemicals offer promising therapeutic potential due to their diverse bioactive properties.

Apoptosis: A Comprehensive Overview of Signaling Pathways, Morphological Changes, and Physiological Significance and Therapeutic Implications.

Cell survival and death are intricately governed by apoptosis, a meticulously controlled programmed cell death. Apoptosis is vital in facilitating embryonic development and maintaining tissue homeostasis and immunological functioning. It is a complex interplay of intrinsic and extrinsic signaling pathways that ultimately converges on executing the apoptotic program.

Structural and functional consequences of non-synonymous SNPs within the LAMA2 protein: a molecular dynamics perspective.

Clinical phenotypic presentations associated with LAMA2 deficiency have shown a variety of manifestations. LAMA2 mutations are mainly linked to congenital muscular dystrophy, but there is also mounting evidence suggesting their presence in inflammatory breast cancer, laryngopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma, and ventricular tachycardia related to coronary artery disease and cardiomyopathy. This study examined the structural and functional impacts of 144 non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs) within the LAMA2 gene.

Withaferin A decreases glycolytic reprogramming in breast cancer.

Reprogrammed glucose metabolism is considered as the hallmark of cancer with therapeutic implications. Phytocompounds have potential to inhibit cancer metabolism. Here, we tested the ability of Withaferin A (WA), a withanolide derived from Withania somnifera, in modulating cancer metabolism.

Exploring the effects of 4-chloro-o-phenylenediamine on human fibrinogen: A comprehensive investigation via biochemical, biophysical and computational approaches.

Fibrinogen (Fg), an essential plasma glycoprotein involved in the coagulation cascade, undergoes structural alterations upon exposure to various chemicals, impacting its functionality and contributing to pathological conditions. This research article explored the effects of 4-Chloro-o-phenylenediamine (4-Cl-o-PD), a common hair dye component (IUPAC = 1-Chloro-3,4-diaminobenzene), on human fibrinogen through comprehensive computational, biophysical, and biochemical approaches. The formation of a stable ligand-protein complex is confirmed through molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations, revealing possible interaction having a favorable -4.

Photophysical Investigation of One Pot Synthesized Novel Indenofluorene Derivative (BDP) as a Fluorescent Chemosensor for the Detection of Fe Ion.

An Indane-1-one derivative 11-(1-benzyl-1H-indol-3-yl)-10,12-dihydrodiindeno[1,2-b:2',1'-e]-pyridine (BDP) has been synthesized by the reaction of Indan-1-one with 1-benzyl-1H-indole-3-carbaldehyde. FT-IR, H-NMR, N-NMR and Mass spectroscopic techniques has been used to confirmed the structure of BDP. The observed photophysical changes in BDP across various solvents were associated.

Characterization of structural, genotoxic, and immunological effects of methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) induced DNA modifications: Implications for inflammation-driven carcinogenesis.

Genotoxic DNA damaging agents are the choice of chemicals for studying DNA repair pathways and the associated genome instability. One such preferred laboratory chemical is methyl methanesulfonate (MMS). MMS, an SN2-type alkylating agent known for its ability to alkylate adenine and guanine bases, causes strand breakage.

A Comprehensive Multispectroscopic and Computational Analysis of the Interaction between Plant-Based Antiplasmodial Compounds and Bovine Serum Albumin.

This study was conducted to explore the interaction between two plant-based antiplasmodial compounds, gartanin and friedelin, and bovine serum albumin (BSA). The objectives aimed to elucidate the binding characteristics, structural changes, and thermodynamic parameters associated with the interaction. Various methods were used including UV-vis, fluorescence, and circular dichroism spectroscopy, supported by molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation.

Antibiotic adjuvants: synergistic tool to combat multi-drug resistant pathogens.

The rise of multi-drug resistant (MDR) pathogens poses a significant challenge to the field of infectious disease treatment. To overcome this problem, novel strategies are being explored to enhance the effectiveness of antibiotics. Antibiotic adjuvants have emerged as a promising approach to combat MDR pathogens by acting synergistically with antibiotics.

Microbeads in personal care products sold in Pakistan: extraction, quantification, characterization, and buoyancy analysis.

Microbeads used in personal care products (PCPs) as an exfoliating agent or as a sorbent phase for delivering active ingredients are the most common sources of microplastics. The release of these plastic microbeads into aquatic environments has raised significant concerns due to their direct availability for ingestion by organisms upon entering the recipient waters. In this study, twelve personal care products (PCPs; 5 face washes and 7 scrubs) were analyzed for microbead content, size, polymer type, and buoyant behavior.

Preparation of nanoformulation of 5-fluorouracil to improve anticancer efficacy: integrated spectroscopic, docking, and MD simulation approaches.

Nanoformulations (NFs) can be used as a novel drug delivery system to treat all cancer types. One of the major drawbacks of conventional anticancer drugs is that they have poor specificity and higher toxicity towards normal cells. 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is a well-studied anticancer drug that has a significant role in various cancers, specifically colorectal cancer therapy.

Therapeutic targeting of microtubule affinity-regulating kinase 4 in cancer and neurodegenerative diseases.

Microtubule affinity-regulating kinase 4 (MARK4) is a member of the Ser/Thr protein kinase family, phosphorylates the microtubule-connected proteins and plays a vital role in causing cancers and neurodegenerative diseases. This kinase modulates multiple signaling pathways, including mammalian target of rapamycin, nuclear factor-κB, and Hippo-signaling, presumably responsible for cancer and Alzheimer's. MARK4 acts as a negative controller of the Hippo-kinase cassette for promoting YAP/TAZ action, and the loss of MARK4 detains the tumorigenic properties of cancer cells.

Pretreatment with troxerutin protects/improves neurological deficits in a mouse model of traumatic brain injury.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the major and leading cause of mortality and an alarming public health challenge. TBI leads to permanent cognitive, motor, sensory and psychotic disabilities. Patients suffering from the various and long-term repercussions of TBI currently have limited therapy choices.