Preterm Birth and Risk of Health Service Use, Morbidity, and Medication Needs at 5 Years.

Importance: Neonatal intensive care has advanced over recent decades, yet premature birth remains associated with increased neonatal mortality and morbidity.

Objective: To describe health service use, morbidity, and medication needs up to age 5 years in a contemporary cohort of children born preterm.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This population-based cohort study was conducted in British Columbia (BC), Canada, using health service and pharmacy data linked using provincial administrative databases.

Elinzanetant for the Treatment of Vasomotor Symptoms Associated With Menopause: A Phase 3 Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: There is an unmet need for long-term, safe, effective, and hormone-free treatments for menopausal symptoms, including vasomotor symptoms (VMS) and sleep disturbances.

Objective: To evaluate the 52-week efficacy and safety of elinzanetant, a dual neurokinin-targeted therapy, for treating moderate to severe VMS associated with menopause.

Design, Setting, And Participants: OASIS-3 was a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized phase 3 clinical trial that was conducted at 83 sites in North America and Europe from August 27, 2021, to February 12, 2024, and included postmenopausal women aged 40 to 65 years who were seeking treatment for moderate to severe VMS (no requirement for a minimum number of VMS events per week).

Luminescent Electro-Spun Nanofibers Crosslinked with Boronic Esters Exhibiting Controlled Release of Carbon Dots for Detection of Wound pHs and Enhanced Antimicrobial.

Timely and accurate assessment of wounds during the healing process is crucial for proper diagnosis and treatment. Conventional wound dressings lack both real-time monitoring capabilities and active therapeutic functionalities, limiting their effectiveness in dynamic wound environments. Herein, we report our proof-of-concept approach exploring the unique emission properties and antimicrobial activities of carbon nanodots (CNDs) for simultaneous detection and treatment of bacteria.

Cost-Effectiveness of In-Bed Cycling and Routine Physiotherapy for Patients Receiving Mechanical Ventilation.

Importance: The cost-effectiveness of adding early in-bed cycling to usual physiotherapy among adults receiving mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit (ICU) compared with usual physiotherapy alone is unknown.

Objective: To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of in-bed cycling plus usual physiotherapy compared with usual therapy alone in the Critical Care Cycling to Improve Lower Extremity Strength (CYCLE) randomized clinical trial.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This trial-based economic evaluation with a 90-day time horizon compared early cycling plus usual physiotherapy vs usual physiotherapy alone from a societal perspective.

Automated Insulin Delivery Systems and Glucose Management in Children and Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Importance: Youth living with type 1 diabetes (T1D) are increasingly choosing automated insulin delivery (AID) systems to manage their blood glucose. Few systematic reviews meta-analyzing results from randomized clinical trials (RCTs) are available to guide decision-making.

Objective: To study the association of prolonged AID system use in an outpatient setting with measures of glucose management and quality of life in youth with T1D.

Different sources and dosages of zinc oxide and copper influence growth performance and intestinal health of post-weaning piglets.

In pig production, weaning is a critical period where piglets face several environmental stressors. This transition leads to a significant growth reduction and can result in digestive disorders, including diarrhea. To formulate a feed that meets zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) requirements during the weaning period while minimizing their release into the environment, it became evident that a more bioavailable micro-mineral supplement is necessary.

Blood proteomic signatures associated with disease activity in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.

Background And Aims: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), remain heterogeneous disorders with variable response to biologics. Post-operative recurrence in CD is common despite surgery and prophylactic biotherapies. Understanding the inflammatory mediators associated with recurrence and treatment response could pave the way for personalized strategies.

Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns of Escherichia coli Isolated From Broiler Chickens in Sylhet District of Bangladesh.

The emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) Escherichia coli in poultry farming is a growing global public health concern, particularly in Bangladesh, where the use of antibiotics remains largely unregulated. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and AMR patterns of E. coli isolated from broiler chickens in Sylhet district of Bangladesh and to investigate the network of coexisting resistance traits among the isolates.

Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis Worsens Prognosis in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Propensity-Matched Cohort Study.

Background: Few data are available on the impact of primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Objective: We conducted a retrospective study using TriNetX to compare the outcomes of patients with IBD and those with concomitant IBD and PSC.

Methods: All patients with a confirmed diagnosis of Crohn's disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC), or indeterminate colitis with or without PSC were eligible.

Intersectional Analysis of Health Inequalities Research Authorship in the United Kingdom (1970-2023): Towards an Inclusive Scholarship?

Gender inequalities in authorship have extensively been investigated, yet evidence on ethnic inequalities remains limited, with even fewer studies examining the intersections of the two. Our study aims to identify and measure the magnitude of intersectional (gender-by-ethnicity) inequalities among United Kingdom (U.K.

An Indirect Treatment Comparison of Avalglucosidase Alfa versus Cipaglucosidase Alfa Plus Miglustat in Patients with Late-Onset Pompe Disease.

Introduction: No head-to-head studies comparing the efficacy of avalglucosidase alfa (AVA) with cipaglucosidase alfa + miglustat (Cipa+mig) have been conducted in patients with late-onset Pompe disease (LOPD). Two indirect treatment comparisons (ITCs) were conducted to estimate the effects of AVA versus Cipa+mig.

Methods: ITCs were conducted using simulated treatment comparisons (STCs), adjusting for differences in prognostic factors and treatment effect modifiers.

Eye bank pre-stripped versus surgeon-stripped graft for Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

To summarize the evidence examining the outcomes of Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) using eye bank pre-stripped versus surgeon prepared grafts. Systematic review and meta-analysis. This study was conducted following the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses consensus statement (PROSPERO ID: CRD42023457120).

Transvenous curative embolization of brain arteriovenous malformations using extra-low viscosity Obtura versions: Initial experience and technical insights.

Background and purposeThis study presents our initial experience using Obtura, a novel nonadhesive liquid embolic agent with extra-low viscosity variants, in transvenous curative embolization of brain arteriovenous malformations (bAVMs). We assess the agent's performance and compare its advantages with other extra-low viscosity options currently available.Materials and methodsFive patients (three females, two males; mean age, 33 years; range, 20-55 years) with ruptured bAVMs were treated using the transvenous retrograde pressure cooker technique (TVRPCT).

Effectiveness of Enhanced Developmental Screening at 18 Months to Identify Developmental Delays.

Objective: We sought to measure whether receipt of an enhanced 18-month well-baby visit with use of a developmental screening tool versus a routine 18-month well-baby visit (which typically involves developmental surveillance without screening) is associated with time to identification of developmental delays.

Method: We conducted a cohort study of children (17-22 months) in Ontario who received an 18-month well-baby visit (March 2020‒March 2022), followed to September 2022 using linked health administrative datasets. Visits were categorized as enhanced (n = 83,554) or routine (n = 15,723).

The Discovery of RP-2119: A Potent, Selective, and Orally Bioavailable Polθ ATPase Inhibitor.

DNA polymerase theta (Polθ) plays a critical role in repairing DNA double-strand breaks through microhomology-mediated end joining (MMEJ) and has emerged as a key synthetic lethal drug target in cancers with homologous recombination (HR) deficiencies. Its inhibition has shown a strong potential to synergize with PARP inhibitors, particularly in tumors with deleterious or mutations. Here, we describe the discovery and preclinical development of RP-2119, a selective, potent, and bioavailable Polθ ATPase inhibitor.

The International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer Staging Project: The Impact of Common Molecular Alterations on Overall Survival in NSCLC in Initial Analyses of the IASLC Ninth Edition Staging Database.

Introduction: TNM staging systems create prognostic categories by anatomic extent of disease. Whether therapeutically important molecular alterations in NSCLC augment the prognostic information of TNM staging is unclear. To study this, we analyzed molecular data from the ninth edition of the lung cancer staging system.

The International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer Staging Project: The Impact of Smoking Status on Lung Cancer Staging in the Ninth Edition of the TNM Classification.

Introduction: Cigarette smoking negatively affects lung cancer prognosis. Incorporating smoking history into stage-stratified survival analyses may improve prognostication.

Methods: Using the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer ninth edition NSCLC database, we evaluated the association between smoking status at diagnosis and overall survival (OS) using Kaplan-Meier plots and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression models adjusted for age, region, sex, histologic type, performance status, and TNM stage.

Breaking the ice: exploring sex-based variations in the mechanics of ice hockey slap shots.

The objective of this study was to compare joint angles and spatiotemporal variables between male and female ice hockey players during skating slap shots. Thirty-nine collegiate players (25 men, 14 women) participated. Kinematic data were collected using a Xsens 17-inertial measurement system.

SEPTIN9 locally activates the RhoGEF ARHGEF18 to promote early stages of mitochondrial fission.

Mitochondria continually undergo fission to maintain their network and health. Nascent fission sites are marked by the ER, which facilitates actin polymerization to drive calcium flux into the mitochondrion and constrict the inner mitochondrial membrane. Septins are a major eukaryotic cytoskeleton component that forms filaments that can both directly and indirectly modulate other cytoskeleton components, including actin.