Med-KGMA: A novel AI-driven medical support system leveraging knowledge graphs and medical advisors.

Healthcare systems worldwide face a growing burden, struggling to provide timely diagnosis and personalized care due to resource constraints. The increasing demand for medical expertise often results in delayed interventions, making automated decision support crucial. However, existing medical question-answering (QnA) systems struggle with hallucinations, limited contextual understanding, and difficulty handling complex queries, which often results in unreliable responses.

Microplastic pollution in the street dust of Delhi: a study on seasonal variations.

Microplastic (MPs) pollution is a serious environmental issue, particularly in heavily polluted cities of India. Despite its relevance, comprehensive studies on MPs contamination in street dust are lacking. This primary study aims to address this gap by investigating MPs in street dust across various areas of Delhi during two different seasons.

Asymmetry in the bryophyte, Physcomitrium patens.

Cell polarity and asymmetric division are fundamental to plant development, governing growth, differentiation, and stress responses. The filamentous tissues of the moss Physcomitrium patens provide an excellent system to investigate these processes, as their exposed cells facilitate direct observation of cellular and intracellular dynamics. This review explores recent advances in understanding how P.

Novel small molecules disrupting polarized cell expansion and development in the moss, .

Tip growth is vital for plant growth and development, yet the regulatory mechanisms governing this process remain incompletely understood. In this study, we identify Reagent F4, a novel small molecule that disrupts tip growth and polarized cell expansion in the moss, protonemata. Through unbiased chemical screening, we found that Reagent F4 induces abnormal protonemal morphology, characterized by reduced cell elongation and stunted cell expansion.

Multi-stimuli-responsive degradable boronic ester-crosslinked e-spun nanofiber wound dressings.

Owing to their high aspect ratio of length to diameter, large surface area, large pore size, and high molecular orientation, electro-spun (e-spun) nanofibrous mats have been explored as effective nanomaterials for various applications, including wound dressings and healing materials. Of particular interest are poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) e-spun nanofibers that are required to be crosslinked with covalent organic bonds to retain their structural integrity in wound environments. However, conventionally crosslinked PVA nanofibers present critical drawbacks, typically including the uncontrolled release of encapsulated drug molecules.

Abscisic acid signaling regulates primary plasmodesmata density for plant cell-to-cell communication.

Cell-to-cell communication is essential for multicellular organisms. Plasmodesmata (PD) are plant-specific nanopore structures pivotal for cell-to-cell communication and plant survival. However, how PD form and their structure, regulation, and evolution remain largely unknown.

Characterizing the evolution of defense in a tripartite marine symbiosis using adaptive dynamics.

The evolution and maintenance of symbiotic systems remains a fascinating puzzle. While the coevolutionary dynamics of bipartite (host-symbiont) systems are well-studied, the dynamics of more complex systems have only recently garnered attention with increasing technological advances. We model a tripartite system inspired by the marine symbiotic relationship between the alga sp.

Strontium-Substituted Nanohydroxyapatite Containing Biodegradable 3D Printed Composite Scaffolds for Bone Regeneration.

Treatment of large-size bone defects is difficult, and acquiring autografts may be challenging due to limited availability. A synthetic patient-specific bone substitute can be developed by using 3D printing technologies in such cases. In the present study, we have developed photocurable composite resins with poly(trimethylene carbonate) (PTMC) containing a high percentage of biodegradable bioactive strontium-substituted nanohydroxyapatite (SrHA, size 30-70 nm).

Emerging Technological Advancement for Chronic Wound Treatment and Their Role in Accelerating Wound Healing.

Chronic wounds are a major healthcare burden and may severely affect the social, mental, and economic status of the patients. Any impairment in wound healing stages due to underlying factors leads to a prolonged healing time and subsequently to chronic wounds. Traditional approaches for the treatment of chronic wounds include dressing free local therapy, dressing therapy, and tissue engineering based scaffold therapies.

Autophagy-mediated ID1 turnover dictates chemo-resistant fate in ovarian cancer stem cells.

Background: The mechanisms enabling dynamic shifts between drug-resistant and drug-sensitive states in cancer cells are still underexplored. This study investigated the role of targeted autophagic protein degradation in regulating ovarian cancer stem cell (CSC) fate decisions and chemo-resistance.

Methods: Autophagy levels were compared between CSC-enriched side population (SP) and non-SP cells (NSP) in multiple ovarian cancer cell lines using immunoblotting, immunofluorescence, and transmission electron microscopy.

3D-printed cellulose nanocrystals and gelatin scaffolds with bioactive cues for regenerative medicine: Advancing biomedical applications.

3D printed scaffolds have revolutionized the field of regenerative medicine by overcoming the lacunas such as precision, customization, and reproducibility observed through traditional methods of scaffold preparation such as freeze-drying, electrospinning, etc. Combining the advantages of 3D printed scaffolds along with bioactive cues such as signaling molecules can be an effective treatment approach. In the present study, cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) along with gelatin, in different ratios, were used for scaffold preparation through the direct ink writing technique and thoroughly characterized.

Simultaneous regulation of AGE/RAGE signaling and MMP-9 expression by an immunomodulating hydrogel accelerates healing in diabetic wounds.

Purpose: In chronic hyperglycemia, the advanced glycation end product (AGE) interacts with its receptor (RAGE) and contributes to impaired wound healing by inducing oxidative stress, generating dysfunctional macrophages, and prolonging the inflammatory response. Additionally, uncontrolled levels of proteases, including metallomatrix protease-9 (MMP-9), in the diabetic wound bed degrade the extracellular matrix (ECM) and biological cues that augment healing. A multifunctional antimicrobial hydrogel (Immuno-gel) containing RAGE and MMP-9 inhibitors can regulate the wound microenvironment and promote scar-free healing.

Exploring the role of casein kinase 1α splice variants across cancer cell lines.

Casein kinase 1α (CK1α) is a serine/threonine protein kinase that acts in various cellular processes affecting cell division and signal transduction. CK1α is present as multiple splice variants that are distinguished by the presence or absence of a long insert (L-insert) and a short carboxyl-terminal insert (S-insert). When overexpressed, zebrafish CK1α splice variants exhibit different biological properties, such as subcellular localization and catalytic activity.

A multifunctional silk-hyaluronic acid self-healing hydrogel laden with alternatively activated macrophage-derived exosomes reshape microenvironment of diabetic wound and accelerate healing.

The impairment of phenotype switching of pro-inflammatory M1 to pro-healing M2 macrophage induced by hyperglycemic microenvironment often elevates oxidative stress, impairs angiogenesis, and leads to chronic non-healing wounds in diabetic patients. Administration of M2 macrophage-derived exosomes (M2Exo) at wound site is known to polarize M1 to M2 macrophage and can accelerate wound healing by enhancing collagen deposition, angiogenesis, and re-epithelialization. In the present study, M2Exo were conjugated with oxidized hyaluronic acid and mixed with PEGylated silk fibroin to develop self-healing Exo-gel to achieve an efficient therapy for diabetic wounds.

The Differential Impact of Medical Therapy and Lifestyle Modification on Cardiovascular Health and Risk of Adverse Cardiovascular Events: A Narrative Review.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) continue to be a worldwide health concern, requiring effective strategies for risk reduction. This article explores the extensive collaboration between medical therapy and lifestyle modifications in the management of CVDs, aiming to interpret whether a single approach holds the key to reducing major cardiovascular events. In the realm of pharmaceutical therapy, statins, beta-blockers, angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, and antiplatelet agents have shown significant effectiveness, as evidenced by landmark trials such as Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S) and Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation (HOPE).

Laser-assisted synthesis of nano-hydroxyapatite and functionalization with bone active molecules for bone regeneration.

The main goal of bone tissue engineering research is to replace the allogenic and autologous bone graft substitutes that can promote bone repair. Owing to excellent biocompatibility and osteoconductivity, hydroxyapatite is in extensive research and high demand for both medical and non-medical applications. Although various methods have been developed for the synthesis of hydroxyapatite, in the present study we have shown the use of nanosecond laser energy in the wet precipitation method of nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAP) synthesis without using ammonium solution or any other chemicals for pH maintenance.

A Study of Clinical Profile and Treatment in Adult Hemophilia Patients with Special Reference to the Inhibitor Levels.

Introduction Hemophilia is an uncommon, X-linked recessive bleeding condition characterized by a lack of either factor VIII or factor IX. It is more prevalent in men. Due to the substantial impact inhibitor development has on patient prognosis, the primary treatment for hemophilia is the transfusion of recombinant factors.

Anti-proliferative, -migratory and -clonogenic effects of long-lasting nitric oxide release in HepG2 cells.

Nitric oxide (NO) holds promise as a cytotoxic agent against tumors, but its gaseous nature and short half-life hinder direct administration to tumor tissues. Herein, we present novel 6,9-disubstituted purine derivatives designed to ensure sustained NO release, followed by study of their significant anti-proliferative, anti-migratory, and anti-clonogenic effects on HepG2 cell lines, highlighting NO release as a potent effector for treating hepatocellular carcinoma.

The impact of sterility-mortality tolerance and recovery-transmission trade-offs on host-parasite coevolution.

Understanding the coevolutionary dynamics of hosts and their parasites remains a major focus of much theoretical literature. Despite empirical evidence supporting the presence of sterility-mortality tolerance trade-offs in hosts and recovery-transmission trade-offs in parasites, none of the current models have explored the potential outcomes when both trade-offs are considered within a coevolutionary framework. In this study, we consider a model where the host evolves sterility tolerance at the cost of increased mortality and the parasite evolves higher transmission rate at the cost of increased recovery rate (reduced infection duration), and use adaptive dynamics to predict the coevolutionary outcomes under such trade-off assumptions.

AI prediction of cardiovascular events using opportunistic epicardial adipose tissue assessments from CT calcium score.

Background: Recent studies have used basic epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) assessments (e.g., volume and mean HU) to predict risk of atherosclerosis-related, major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE).

Pim Kinase Inhibitors Increase Gilteritinib Cytotoxicity in FLT3-ITD Acute Myeloid Leukemia Through GSK-3β Activation and c-Myc and Mcl-1 Proteasomal Degradation.

Unlabelled: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 internal tandem duplication (FLT3-ITD) has poor outcomes. FLT3-ITD drives constitutive and aberrant FLT3 signaling, activating STAT5 and upregulating the downstream oncogenic serine/threonine kinase Pim-1. FLT3 inhibitors are in clinical use, but with limited and transient efficacy.

Brain Connectivity Features-based Age Group Classification using Temporal Asynchrony Audio-Visual Integration Task.

The process of integration of inputs from several sensory modalities in the human brain is referred to as multisensory integration. Age-related cognitive decline leads to a loss in the ability of the brain to conceive multisensory inputs. There has been considerable work done in the study of such cognitive changes for the old age groups.

Strontium-Substituted Nanohydroxyapatite-Incorporated Poly(lactic acid) Composites for Orthopedic Applications: Bioactive, Machinable, and High-Strength Properties.

Traditional metal-alloy bone fixation devices provide structural support for bone repair but have limitations in actively promoting bone healing and often require additional surgeries for implant removal. In this study, we focused on addressing these challenges by fabricating biodegradable composites using poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and strontium-substituted nanohydroxyapatite (SrHAP) via melt compounding and injection molding. Various percentages of SrHAP (5, 10, 20, and 30% w/w) were incorporated into the PLA matrix.