Advances in Artemisinin-based Therapies: Innovations in Synthesis, Drug Delivery, and Expanding Therapeutic Applications.

Artemisinin, a natural compound derived from Artemisia annua, has significantly impacted the treatment of malaria and has shown promise in various other therapeutic applications. This review explores the molecular structure of artemisinin and its derivatives, as well as advancements in synthetic and semi-synthetic production methods, and their broader therapeutic effects beyond malaria, including potential uses in cancer, neurological disorders, and viral infections. It also discusses contemporary drug delivery innovations, such as nanoparticles and liposomal systems, which aim to enhance the bioavailability and targeted action of artemisinin, while addressing issues of drug resistance, particularly in parasitic diseases like malaria.

Next-generation miRNA therapeutics: from computational design to translational engineering.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs ) are emerging as powerful therapeutic agents for metastatic cancers due to their ability to modulate multiple oncogenic pathways simultaneously. However, their clinical translation remains hindered by challenges such as poor stability, limited tumor specificity, off-target effects, and inadequate delivery systems. This review presents a comprehensive analysis of recent advances in the use of cationic polymer-based nanocomplexes for the multiplexed delivery of tumor-suppressive miRNAs.

Multi-epitope ligand-conjugated nanoparticles for tumor neoantigen targeting: advancing molecular precision in cancer immunotherapy.

Tumor neoantigens, derived from somatic mutations unique to cancer cells, represent a novel class of highly specific targets for precision immunotherapy. Their absence in normal tissues minimizes the risk of central tolerance, offering the potential to elicit tumor-specific immune responses. MEL-NPs are engineered to display multiple neoepitope peptides on their surface as antigenic cargo while incorporating targeting ligands-such as antibodies or aptamers-that promote specific uptake by dendritic cells.

Effectiveness of a Multifaceted Intervention on Ocular Health and Ophthalmic Safety Among Metal Workers of Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh.

Objective: To evaluate ocular health status and ophthalmic safety practices among industrial metal workers of Moradabad, pre- and post-intervention.

Methods: A longitudinal study was conducted from November 2022 to December 2023. Metal workers, recruited from an industrial zone of Moradabad, underwent eye examination and were administered a pre-validated questionnaire on ocular health and safety, translated in Hindi.

Advancements in Precision Oncology: Harnessing High-Throughput Screening and Computational Strategies for Targeted Cancer Therapies.

Recent breakthroughs in precision medicine have significantly transformed the landscape of cancer treatment, propelling the development of individualized therapies characterized by enhanced therapeutic efficacy and reduced toxicity. This review examines the integration of high-throughput screening techniques with advanced computational methodologies, including artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning, to expedite drug discovery and optimize treatment protocols in oncology. We explore the efficacy of targeted therapeutics, CAR T-cell therapies, and immune checkpoint inhibitors, alongside the role of combination therapies and biomarker identification in refining patient-specific treatment strategies.

Novel Pathways for Non-invasive Laser-assisted Drug Delivery: A Critical Review.

Laser-induced molecular transport has emerged as a highly effective and non-invasive approach for enhancing drug delivery systems, offering targeted and controlled release of therapeutic agents with minimal systemic toxicity. This review explores the advancements in laser-assisted drug delivery, focusing on the integration of lasers with nanoparticle carriers to facilitate precise and efficient transport of drugs, genes, and biomolecules. The mechanism behind laser-induced drug release involves photothermal, photomechanical, and photochemical effects, which alter the permeability of cellular membranes, allowing for the uptake of larger drug molecules or nanoparticles that cannot normally cross biological barriers.

Spatial and vertical distribution of uranium and associated hydro-geochemistry, chemometric statistics in groundwater of Mansa and Barnala districts, Punjab, India.

The current study aimed to elucidate the spatial and vertical distribution of uranium in groundwater of Mansa and Barnala districts of South-West Punjab, along with associated physico-geochemical properties and related pathfinder elements, employing hydro-geochemical methodologies and chemometric statistics. In this study, high prevalence (surpassing WHO limit 30 μg/L in drinking water) of uranium was observed in 67 % and 50 % of groundwater samples from Mansa and Barnala districts, respectively. Substantial fluoride contamination followed by nitrates was found in groundwater of both districts.

Serum levels of trace elements in patients with prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Prostate cancer (PC) is a major health concern and may be influenced by trace elements (TEs) like copper, selenium, manganese, and iron. This study aimed to analyze the difference in serum levels of these TEs in PC patients versus healthy controls.

Methods: A comprehensive search for relevant literature was conducted across PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Google Scholar, including studies up to December 2024.

Advancements in hydroxypropyl methylcellulose-polyethylene glycol hybrid excipients and their nanoformulations for controlled and ligand-directed biologic delivery.

The delivery of biologic drugs presents unique formulation challenges due to their high molecular weight, instability in physiological environments, and complex pharmacokinetics. Hybrid excipient systems, particularly those combining hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and polyethylene glycol (PEG), offer a versatile platform for addressing these issues. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), a semi-synthetic polymer, is widely recognized for its gel-forming ability, biocompatibility, and capacity to enable sustained drug release.

Neuroinflammatory crosstalk in migraine: consolidated activity of rizatriptan and meloxicam in suppressing CGRP-induced nociception and COX-mediated inflammation.

Migraine is among the most frequently observed neurovascular malady affecting almost 1 billion people globally and is defined by frequent episodes of headache, accompanying neurological problems, and a markedly reduced standard of health. Migraine pathogenesis is directly linked to the CGRP (Calcitonin-gene-related-peptide), a strong vasodilating protein entangled in the exchange of nociceptor signals, and the cyclo-oxygenase (COX) enzymes, influencing inflammatory responses which aggravate migraine manifestations. Although COX inhibiting drugs as well as CGRP receptor blockers have therapeutical advantages when administered independently, however, they also have drawbacks, such as insufficient effectiveness or side effects, highlighting the necessity of synergistic approaches.

Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Neurodegenerative Disorders: Role of Prototype Targeted Drug Delivery Solutions.

Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a central role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). Targeted drug delivery to mitochondria represents a promising therapeutic strategy to mitigate neuronal degeneration and preserve mitochondrial function in these devastating conditions. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in targeted drug delivery solutions for mitochondrial dysfunction in neurodegenerative disorders.

A pioneer review on lactoferrin as versatile macromolecular ligand for targeting cancer: recent advances.

This review critically evaluates the emerging role of lactoferrin, an iron-chelating glycoprotein, as a macromolecular ligand in precision cancer therapy. Lactoferrin exhibits potent anti-tumour, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties and targets cancer cells via high-affinity binding to transferrin and LDL receptor-related proteins, enhancing selectivity and minimizing off-target toxicity. It modulates key oncogenic pathways such as PI3K/Akt and MAPK to suppress tumour growth and metastasis.

Smart traceable framework for transportation of transplantable organs using IPFS, iot, and smart contracts.

Existing organ transportation management systems face significant limitations as they do not allow patients to monitor the condition of the transplantable organ during its transportation from the donor's place to the recipient's venue. This undermines patients' confidence that the organ allotted to them remains uncontaminated, healthy, and unaffected by fluctuations in parameters including temperature, humidity, and the container's vibration, and orientation. Additionally, there is a lack of technology to ensure that the organ container remains securely closed throughout the shipment.

Assessment of uranium contamination in groundwater of Mansa district, Punjab (India) and its remediation using SnO.

The high prevalence of uranium in water has the potential to cause significant radio and chemotoxicity, which could lead to serious health issues affecting the kidneys, brain, liver, heart and other organs. Consequently, the consistent assessment of U levels in water sources and the development of effective remediation techniques for its extraction have garnered significant global interest. The present work was conducted to evaluate uranium contamination in groundwater of Mansa district in SW-Punjab region and observed a mean uranium concentration of 95.

Rheumatoid Arthritis and Secondary Plant Metabolites: An Analysis.

Chronic rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic inflammatory disease characterized by persistent joint inflammation, progressive joint destruction, and chronic pain. Although modern therapies like disease-modifying antirheumatic medications (DMARDs) can alleviate symptoms, they may also produce side effects. Because of their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory qualities, plant secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids, and phenolic acids have attracted attention as prospective RA treatment agents.

Aptamer-directed siRNA delivery systems for triple-negative breast cancer therapy.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer characterized by the absence of estrogen, progesterone, and HER2 receptors, making it unresponsive to targeted hormonal and HER2-based therapies. Current treatment options, including chemotherapy and radiation, have limited efficacy and are associated with severe side effects, emphasizing the need for innovative therapeutic strategies. Aptamer-siRNA conjugates have emerged as a promising gene-silencing approach, leveraging the high specificity of nucleic acid aptamers to selectively deliver short interfering RNA (siRNA) to TNBC cells.

Advancements in Organoid-Based Drug Discovery: Revolutionizing Precision Medicine and Pharmacology.

Organoids, 3D cellular models derived from stem cells, have revolutionized drug testing by providing human-relevant systems for modeling diseases and testing drug efficacy. Unlike traditional 2D cell cultures or animal models, organoids closely resemble the complex architecture and function of human tissues, offering more accurate predictions of drug responses. Researchers are increasingly utilizing these models in oncology, neurology, liver toxicity, and personalized medicine.

A Narrative Review on Metal-Organic Frameworks as Dual-Functional Nanocarriers: Advancing Chemo-Photothermal Therapy for Precision Cancer Treatment.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as promising multifunctional nanocarriers in cancer therapy due to their high porosity, tunable architecture, and ability to integrate dual treatment modalities. Among these, MOF-based chemo-photothermal therapy (CPTT) has gained significant attention as it enhances the efficacy of traditional chemotherapy through localized hyperthermia, thereby overcoming drug resistance and improving tumor targeting. MOFs can encapsulate chemotherapeutic agents while simultaneously acting as photothermal conversion agents upon near-infrared irradiation.

Bacteriophage-based gene delivery: a novel approach for targeted breast cancer therapy.

Bacteriophage-based gene delivery systems are emerging as a promising alternative to traditional viral and non-viral vectors for targeted gene therapy in breast cancer. Their unique structural adaptability, low immunogenicity, and cost-effective production make them ideal candidates for precision medicine applications. Unlike conventional gene delivery platforms, bioengineered bacteriophages can be functionalized with tumor-specific ligands, modified for PEGylation to enhance circulation stability, and integrated with CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing systems for precise genomic modifications.

QbD assisted development of hyaluronic acid and TPGS incorporated DOX liposome(s): in vitro assessment of cytotoxicity, uptake, ROS, and NF-κB potential on MDA-MB-231 cells.

This work aimed to develop Doxorubicin (DOX), D‑alpha‑tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS), and hyaluronic acid (HA) liposomal delivery system using the Quality by Design (QbD) methodology. Developed liposomal formulations show sustained release behaviour as compared to free DOX (96.7 ± 1.

Innovative approaches in acetylcholinesterase inhibition: a pathway to effective Alzheimer's disease treatment.

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) are essential in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's disease, as they prevent the breakdown of acetylcholine, thereby enhancing cognitive function. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the structural motifs and mechanisms governing AChEI pharmacological activity, with a focus on medicinal chemistry strategies to enhance potency, selectivity, and pharmacokinetic properties. Beginning with the physiological role of acetylcholinesterase in neurological disorders, the review explores the historical evolution of AChEIs and highlights key structural interactions with catalytic, peripheral anionic, and allosteric binding sites.