Optimizing electrode placement and information capacity for local field potentials in cortex.

Recent neurosurgery advancements include improved stereotactic targeting and increased electrode contacts. This study introduces a subject-specific, in silico modeling tool for optimizing electrode placement and maximizing coverage with a variety of devices. The basis for optimization is the inherent information patterns of field potentials derived from dipolar sources.

Multi-epitope ligand-conjugated nanoparticles for tumor neoantigen targeting: advancing molecular precision in cancer immunotherapy.

Tumor neoantigens, derived from somatic mutations unique to cancer cells, represent a novel class of highly specific targets for precision immunotherapy. Their absence in normal tissues minimizes the risk of central tolerance, offering the potential to elicit tumor-specific immune responses. MEL-NPs are engineered to display multiple neoepitope peptides on their surface as antigenic cargo while incorporating targeting ligands-such as antibodies or aptamers-that promote specific uptake by dendritic cells.

Assessment of the RANO-resect criteria in elderly patients with glioblastoma.

Introduction: Elderly patients with IDH-wild type glioblastoma (IDH-WT GBM) have a dismal prognosis compared to younger patients. Given the prognostic relevance of extent of resection (EOR), we aimed to assess the prognostic utility of the Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology (RANO)-resect classification in this population.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed patients ≥ 65 years who underwent resection for newly diagnosed IDH-WT GBM between 2005 and 2023.

Impact of maximal and supramaximal resections on postoperative diffusion-weighted imaging changes and clinical outcomes in IDH-wildtype glioblastoma.

Purpose: The standard of care for glioblastoma (GBM) involves maximal-safe resection. We evaluated the relationship between postoperative diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) changes, extent of resection (EOR), and clinical outcomes in patients with GBM.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 323 patients with newly diagnosed IDH-wildtype GBM who underwent surgical resection between 2005 and 2023.

Cystic glioblastoma IDH-wildtype: genetic alterations and outcomes.

Purpose: In the past decade, studies have reclassified infiltrating glioblastomas (GBM) IDH-wildtype utilizing molecular and phenotypic features. Cystic GBMs are one such phenotypic subtype whose genetic and clinical characteristics remain incompletely understood. The goal of this study was to genetically characterize cystic GBMs and examine patient outcomes as compared to non-cystic GBMs.

Assessment of uranium contamination in groundwater of Mansa district, Punjab (India) and its remediation using SnO.

The high prevalence of uranium in water has the potential to cause significant radio and chemotoxicity, which could lead to serious health issues affecting the kidneys, brain, liver, heart and other organs. Consequently, the consistent assessment of U levels in water sources and the development of effective remediation techniques for its extraction have garnered significant global interest. The present work was conducted to evaluate uranium contamination in groundwater of Mansa district in SW-Punjab region and observed a mean uranium concentration of 95.

Aptamer-directed siRNA delivery systems for triple-negative breast cancer therapy.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer characterized by the absence of estrogen, progesterone, and HER2 receptors, making it unresponsive to targeted hormonal and HER2-based therapies. Current treatment options, including chemotherapy and radiation, have limited efficacy and are associated with severe side effects, emphasizing the need for innovative therapeutic strategies. Aptamer-siRNA conjugates have emerged as a promising gene-silencing approach, leveraging the high specificity of nucleic acid aptamers to selectively deliver short interfering RNA (siRNA) to TNBC cells.

Enhancing seizure control in ultra-refractory postencephalitic epilepsies using multinodal network neuromodulation.

This case series reports the formidable challenge posed by postencephalitic epilepsies, characterized by frequent drug-resistant seizures and neuropsychiatric and cognitive comorbidities. Polypharmacy is frequently required, and surgical resection may not be feasible due to multifocality. Neuromodulation therapies, including Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) and Responsive Neurostimulation (RNS), offer a potential lifeline.

Targeting tGLI1, a novel mediator of tumor therapeutic resistance, using Ketoconazole sensitizes glioblastoma to CDK4/6 therapy and chemoradiation.

Glioblastoma (GBM) remains the most aggressive primary brain tumor in adults, with no effective treatments. While cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6is) show clinical promise in some cancers, they have not significantly improved survival in GBM patients. This lack of response is attributed to the treatment-resistant glioma stem cell (GSC) population.

Involved but not essential: cognitive activity in periventricular nodules and neuropsychological outcomes following their ablation.

Objective: Periventricular nodular heterotopia (PVNH) is a malformation of cortical development with high rates of epilepsy. The extent to which nodules participate in normal cerebral functions in addition to pathological processes is unclear. The authors assessed the functional utility (i.

Memorability of novel words correlates with anterior fusiform activity during reading.

Our memory for the words we already know is best predicted by their associated meanings. However, the factors that influence whether we will remember a new word after we see it for the first time are unclear. We record memory performance for 2100 novel pseudowords across 1804 participants during a continuous recognition task.

Supplementary motor area in speech initiation: A large-scale intracranial EEG evaluation of stereotyped word articulation.

Speech production engages a distributed network of cortical and subcortical brain regions. The supplementary motor area (SMA) has long been thought to be a key hub in coordinating across these regions to initiate voluntary movements, including speech. We analyzed direct intracranial recordings from 115 patients with epilepsy as they articulated a single word in a subset of trials from a picture-naming task.

Efficacy of neuromodulation of the pulvinar nucleus for drug-resistant epilepsy.

Objective: The pulvinar nucleus of the thalamus has extensive cortical connections with the temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) targeting the pulvinar nucleus, therefore, carries the potential for therapeutic benefit in patients with drug-resistant posterior quadrant epilepsy (PQE) and neocortical temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Here, we present a single-center experience of patients managed via bilateral DBS of the pulvinar nucleus.

Key epigenetic and signaling factors in the formation and maintenance of the blood-brain barrier.

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) controls the movement of molecules into and out of the central nervous system (CNS). Since a functional BBB forms by mouse embryonic day E15.5, we reasoned that gene cohorts expressed in CNS endothelial cells (EC) at E13.

Small molecule-based regulation of gene expression in human astrocytes switching on and off the G-quadruplex control systems.

A great deal of attention is being paid to strategies seeking to uncover the biology of the four-stranded nucleic acid structure G-quadruplex (G4) via their stabilization in cells with G4-specific ligands. The conventional definition of chemical biology implies that a complete assessment of G4 biology can only be achieved by implementing a complementary approach involving the destabilization of cellular G4s by ad hoc molecular effectors. We report here on an unprecedented comparison of the cellular consequences of G4 chemical stabilization by pyridostatin (PDS) and destabilization by phenylpyrrolocytosine (PhpC) at both transcriptome- and proteome-wide scales in patient-derived primary human astrocytes.

Pyrrolidine derivatives as α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitors: Design, synthesis, structure-activity relationship (SAR), docking studies and HSA binding.

In our pursuit of developing effective inhibitors for the enzymes α-amylase and α-glucosidase, which play a crucial role in carbohydrate metabolism related to type-2 diabetes, we synthesized compounds featuring a pyrrolidine ring. The synthesis involved coupling N-Boc-proline with various aromatic amines, resulting in the formation of distinct N-Boc proline amides. To investigate the influence of the Boc group on enzyme inhibition, the Boc group was subsequently removed.

Multiple dimensions of syntactic structure are resolved earliest in posterior temporal cortex.

How we combine minimal linguistic units into larger structures remains an unresolved topic in neuroscience. Language processing involves the abstract construction of 'vertical' and 'horizontal' information simultaneously (e.g.

Laser Ablation of Periventricular Nodular Heterotopia for Medically Refractory Epilepsy.

Objective: Periventricular nodular heterotopia (PVNH) is the most common neuronal heterotopia, frequently resulting in pharmaco-resistant epilepsy. Here, we characterize variables that predict good epilepsy outcomes following surgical intervention using stereo-electroencephalography (SEEG) -informed magnetic resonance-guided laser interstitial thermal therapy (MRgLITT).

Methods: A retrospective review of consecutive cases from a single high-volume epilepsy referral center identified patients who underwent SEEG evaluation for PVNH to characterize the intervention and outcomes.

Supracerebellar transtentorial approach to the parahippocampal gyrus.

The supracerebellar transtentorial technique (SCTT) is a versatile approach that grants access to medial and basal temporal (MBT) regions without transgressing normal lateral cortex, damaging the hippocampus, or requiring significant brain retraction. This video illustrates the SCTT in resecting a cavernous malformation within the parahippocampal gyrus to alleviate associated epilepsy and preserve cognition. The authors outline the anatomical considerations, alternative approaches, positioning, craniotomy, and dural opening.