Prevertebral Hematoma: A Potential Biomarker for the Severity of Upper Cervical Spine Trauma and a Predictor for the Need for Surgical Intervention.

Background And Purpose: Upper cervical spine trauma (UCST) can lead to severe morbidity and mortality, particularly when associated with craniocervical junction (CCJ) injuries. Previous studies suggest that identifying prevertebral hematomas in patients with cervical trauma may have clinical significance. However, the association between prevertebral hematomas and clinical outcomes in patients with UCST has not yet been firmly established.

Oxygen Extraction Fraction on Baseline MRI Predicts Infarction Growth in Successfully Reperfused Patients.

Background: In patients with acute ischemic stroke, infarct growth occurs despite successful reperfusion. Oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) has shown promising results in evaluating ischemic tissue viability and can now be quantified from routinely performed dynamic susceptibility contrast perfusion. We aimed to determine the association of OEF alterations within the ischemic tissue on pretreatment magnetic resonance imaging and infarct growth in patients who underwent successful reperfusion.

IDH wild-type glioblastoma: Predictive value of standard-of-care (SOC) MRI for establishing MGMT promoter methylation status.

PurposeOxygen 6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation is associated with better chemotherapy response and prognosis in glioblastoma patients. This study evaluates the prognostic value of routine MRI findings at initial diagnosis to determine MGMT promoter methylation status.MethodsA retrospective study was performed on 85 patients with histologically confirmed IDH wild-type glioblastoma.

Assessment of the RANO-resect criteria in elderly patients with glioblastoma.

Introduction: Elderly patients with IDH-wild type glioblastoma (IDH-WT GBM) have a dismal prognosis compared to younger patients. Given the prognostic relevance of extent of resection (EOR), we aimed to assess the prognostic utility of the Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology (RANO)-resect classification in this population.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed patients ≥ 65 years who underwent resection for newly diagnosed IDH-WT GBM between 2005 and 2023.

Anatomy and Nontraumatic Pathologies of the Craniocervical Junction: A Comprehensive Review.

Neuroimaging is crucial for evaluating the craniocervical junction (CCJ), where pathologies are categorized into traumatic and nontraumatic. While traumatic conditions are more prevalent, nontraumatic abnormalities, though less common, carry significant morbidity and mortality and present a diagnostic challenge due to their diverse differential diagnoses. Nontraumatic CCJ abnormalities often necessitate careful diagnosis and management.

Assessing variability in non-contrast CT for the evaluation of stroke: The effect of CT image reconstruction conditions on AI-based CAD measurements of ASPECTS value and hypodense volume.

Purpose: To rule out hemorrhage, non-contrast CT (NCCT) scans are used for early evaluation of patients with suspected stroke. Recently, artificial intelligence tools have been developed to assist with determining eligibility for reperfusion therapies by automating measurement of the Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS), a 10-point scale with > 7 or ≤ 7 being a threshold for change in functional outcome prediction and higher chance of symptomatic hemorrhage, and hypodense volume. The purpose of this work was to investigate the effects of CT reconstruction kernel and slice thickness on ASPECTS and hypodense volume.

Multiparametric Radiogenomic Model to Predict Survival in Patients with Glioblastoma.

Background: Clinical, histopathological, and imaging variables have been associated with prognosis in patients with glioblastoma (GBM). We aimed to develop a multiparametric radiogenomic model incorporating MRI texture features, demographic data, and histopathological tumor biomarkers to predict prognosis in patients with GBM.

Methods: In this retrospective study, patients were included if they had confirmed diagnosis of GBM with histopathological biomarkers and pre-operative MRI.

Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Assessment of Prevalence of Procedural Errors in Maxillary Posterior Teeth.

A range of procedural errors can occur when performing endodontic treatment on posterior teeth. These errors may decrease the success rate in endodontic practice. This study assessed the prevalence of procedural errors and the quality of endodontic treatments in maxillary molars and premolars using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Automated assessment of ischemic core on non-contrast computed tomography: a multicenter comparative analysis with CT perfusion.

Background: Application of machine learning (ML) algorithms has shown promising results in estimating ischemic core volumes using non-contrast CT (NCCT).

Objective: To assess the performance of the e-Stroke Suite software (Brainomix) in assessing ischemic core volumes on NCCT compared with CT perfusion (CTP) in patients with acute ischemic stroke.

Methods: In this retrospective multicenter study, patients with anterior circulation large vessel occlusions who underwent pretreatment NCCT and CTP, successful reperfusion (modified Thrombolysis in Cerbral Infarction ≥2b), and post-treatment MRI, were included from three stroke centers.

Perfusion Collateral Index versus Hypoperfusion Intensity Ratio in Assessment of Collaterals in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke.

Background And Purpose: Perfusion-based collateral indices such as the perfusion collateral index and the hypoperfusion intensity ratio have shown promise in the assessment of collaterals in patients with acute ischemic stroke. We aimed to compare the diagnostic performance of the perfusion collateral index and the hypoperfusion intensity ratio in collateral assessment compared with angiographic collaterals and outcome measures, including final infarct volume, infarct growth, and functional independence.

Materials And Methods: Consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke with anterior circulation proximal arterial occlusion who underwent endovascular thrombectomy and had pre- and posttreatment MRI were included.

Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Assessment of Quality of Endodontic Treatment and Prevalence of Procedural Errors in Mandibular Molars.

Objectives: This study assessed the quality of endodontic treatment and the prevalence of procedural errors in permanent mandibular molars using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Materials And Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 328 CBCT scans (182 females and 146 males) of endodontically treated mandibular molars retrieved from the archives of two radiology centers in Ardabil city, Iran, in 2019. Mandibular molars were evaluated on sagittal, coronal, and axial sections regarding obturation length, obturation density (voids), missed canals, broken instruments, apical perforation, strip perforation, ledge formation, transportation, root fracture, root resorption, and periapical lesions by a senior dental student under the supervision of an oral and maxillofacial radiologist and an endodontist.

A Review on the Applications of Crowdsourcing in Human Pathology.

The advent of the digital pathology has introduced new avenues of diagnostic medicine. Among them, crowdsourcing has attracted researchers' attention in the recent years, allowing them to engage thousands of untrained individuals in research and diagnosis. While there exist several articles in this regard, prior works have not collectively documented them.

Determining the lymphadenopathy characteristics of the mediastinum in lung CT scan of children with tuberculosis.

Objective/background: Most tuberculosis cases in children are primary infection, with difficult and imprecise diagnosis mainly based on the existence of mediastinal lymphadenopathy. Here, we investigated the characteristics of mediastinal lymphadenopathy in lung computed tomography (CT) scans of children with tuberculosis.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 75 children with tuberculosis referred to Masih Daneshvari Hospital in Tehran, Iran, from 2009 to 2013.