Improved Accuracy in Optical Diagnosis of Colorectal Polyps Using Convolutional Neural Networks with Visual Explanations.

Background & Aims: Narrow-band imaging (NBI) can be used to determine whether colorectal polyps are adenomatous or hyperplastic. We investigated whether an artificial intelligence (AI) system can increase the accuracy of characterizations of polyps by endoscopists of different skill levels.

Methods: We developed convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for evaluation of diminutive colorectal polyps, based on efficient neural architecture searches via parameter sharing with augmentation using NBIs of diminutive (≤5 mm) polyps, collected from October 2015 through October 2017 at the Seoul National University Hospital, Healthcare System Gangnam Center (training set).

LINC00355 Promotes Tumor Progression in HNSCC by Hindering MicroRNA-195-Mediated Suppression of HOXA10 Expression.

Emerging evidence suggests that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in the progression of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). However, the specific role of LINC00355 in HNSCC remains elusive. Here, we identify the relationship between LINC00355 and the development of HNSCC through the interaction of LINC00355 with microRNA-195 (miR-195), which in turn targets homeoboxA10 (HOXA10).

Applied anatomy and three-dimensional visualization of the tendon-bone junctions of the knee joint posterolateral complex.

Background: To conduct an anatomical study of the fibular collateral ligament (FCL), popliteus tendon (PT), biceps femoris tendon (BT) and popliteofibular ligament (PFL) of the knee joint posterolateral complex (PLC) at the femoral and fibular tendon-bone junctions based on the Chinese Visible Human (CVH) and American Visual Human Project (VHP) datasets and to determine their morphology, contact area, center points and mutual distances with the aim of providing assistance for surgical tunneling scheme.

Methods: Ten knee joint datasets were selected for segmentation and three-dimensional digital reconstruction. Histological sections images were used to establish criteria for the segmentation.

A thrombomodulin-like gene is crucial to the collective migration of epibolic blastomeres during germ layer formation and organogenesis in zebrafish.

Background: Thrombomodulin (TM), an integral membrane protein, has long been known for its anticoagulant activity. Recent studies showed that TM displays multifaceted activities, including the involvement in cell adhesion and collective cell migration in vitro. However, whether TM contributes similarly to these biological processes in vivo remains elusive.

Natural History of Cardiomyopathy in Adult Dogs With Golden Retriever Muscular Dystrophy.

Background Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked disease that causes progressive muscle weakness. Affected boys typically die from respiratory or cardiac failure. Golden retriever muscular dystrophy (GRMD) is genetically homologous with DMD and causes analogous skeletal and cardiac muscle disease.

Ibandronate Treatment Before and After Implant Insertion Impairs Osseointegration in Aged Rats with Ovariectomy Induced Osteoporosis.

Excessive decreases in bone volume (BV) and bone mineral density (BMD) can lead to osteoporosis, potentially hindering implant osseointegration. Bisphosphonates are commonly used to combat osteoporosis by slowing osteoclast-mediated resorption; however, functional osteoclasts are integral to bone remodeling and, thus, implant osseointegration, potentially contraindicating bisphosphonate use during implantation. To optimize the use of implant technologies in patients with compromised bone structure and metabolism, we need a more complete understanding of the biological response to surface design.

Bioluminescence Imaging of Inflammation in Vivo Based on Bioluminescence and Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer Using Nanobubble Ultrasound Contrast Agent.

Inflammation is an immunological response involved in various inflammatory disorders ranging from neurodegenerative diseases to cancers. Luminol has been reported to detect myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in an inflamed area through a light-emitting reaction. However, this method is limited by low tissue penetration and poor spatial resolution.

Machine Learning-Based Pre-Impact Fall Detection Model to Discriminate Various Types of Fall.

Pre-impact fall detection can send alarm service faster to reduce long-lie conditions and decrease the risk of hospitalization. Detecting various types of fall to determine the impact site or direction prior to impact is important because it increases the chance of decreasing the incidence or severity of fall-related injuries. In this study, a robust pre-impact fall detection model was developed to classify various activities and falls as multiclass and its performance was compared with the performance of previous developed models.

Changes in Shear Modulus of the Lumbar Multifidus Muscle During Different Body Positions.

Multifidus function is important for active stabilization of the spine, but it can be compromised in patients with chronic low back pain and other spine pathologies. Force production and strength of back muscles are often evaluated using isometric or isokinetic tests, which lack the ability to quantify multifidi contribution independent of the erector spinae and adjacent hip musculature. The objective of this study is to evaluate localized force production capability in multifidus muscle using ultrasound shear wave elastography (SWE) in healthy individuals.

Biofunctional core-shell polypyrrole-polyethylenimine nanocomplex for a locally sustained photothermal with reactive oxygen species enhanced therapeutic effect against lung cancer.

Background: Polymeric delivery systems have been elucidated over the last few years as an approach of achieving high therapeutic effect to the local site of malignant disease patients who have cancer. Polypyrrole (Ppy) is a potential organic conducting polymer which has long been recognized as a versatile material due to its excellent stability, conductive properties, and great absorbance in the range of near-infrared (NIR). It is tremendously versatile for use in various biomedical fields such as cancer therapy.

Application of 3D printing technology to thoracic wall tumor resection and thoracic wall reconstruction.

Background: Thoracic wall tumors can leave large defects in the thoracic wall after tumor resection. Currently, the shape of the materials commonly used for thoracic wall repair, including dacron mesh and titanium alloy mesh, cannot readily conform to the shapes of defect sites. In this study, we aimed to retrospectively review and evaluate the outcomes of applying three-dimensional (3D) printing technology in assisting in thoracic wall tumor resection and thoracic wall construction.

PLCε knockdown overcomes drug resistance to androgen receptor antagonist in castration-resistant prostate cancer by suppressing the wnt3a/β-catenin pathway.

Most prostate cancers (Pcas) develop into castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) after receiving androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). The expression levels of PLCε and wnt3a are increased in Pca and regulate androgen receptor (AR) activity. However, the biological function and mechanisms of PLCε and wnt3a in CRPC remain unknown.

Efficacy and safety of high-intensity focused ultrasound ablation for hepatocellular carcinoma by changing the acoustic environment: microbubble contrast agent (SonoVue) and transcatheter arterial chemoembolization.

Objective: To compare efficacy and safety of microbubble contrast agent (SonoVue) and transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) in combination with high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) for treatment of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Methods: According to our inclusion criteria, we retrospectively reviewed 52 patients with HCCs, and divided them into SonoVue group and TACE group. Tumors were examined by enhanced magnetic resonance imaging.

Anti-cancer effect of bee venom on human MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells using Raman spectroscopy.

We demonstrated the apoptotic effect of bee venom (BV) on human MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells using Raman spectroscopy and principal component analysis (PCA). Biochemical changes in cancer cells were monitored following BV treatment; the results for different concentrations and treatment durations differed markedly. Significantly decreased Raman vibrations for DNA and proteins were observed for cells treated with 3.

Sectional Anatomy and Three-Dimensional Visualization of the Posterolateral Complex of the Knee Joint Based on Undeformed High-Resolution Sectional Anatomical Images.

The anatomy of the posterolateral complex (PLC) of the knee is usually studied by dissection and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, which is still controversial. We aim to study it based on the images and an interactive 3D-PDF from the Chinese Visible Human (CVH) datasets. CVH datasets (six transverse and one coronal) of the PLC and its adjacent structures were segmented and three-dimensionally reconstructed.

New method of lung cancer detection by saliva test using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy.

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a surface-sensitive technique that enhances Raman scattering by molecules adsorbed on nanostructures. The advantages of using SERS include high detection sensibility and fast analysis, thus it is a potentially promising tool for sensing metabolic cancer molecules in trace amounts. To explore this new method of lung cancer detection, we analyzed saliva samples from 61 lung cancer patients and 66 healthy controls.

Enhancing Oligodendrocyte Myelination Rescues Synaptic Loss and Improves Functional Recovery after Chronic Hypoxia.

To address the significance of enhancing myelination for functional recovery after white matter injury (WMI) in preterm infants, we characterized hypomyelination associated with chronic hypoxia and identified structural and functional deficits of excitatory cortical synapses with a prolonged motor deficit. We demonstrate that genetically delaying myelination phenocopies the synaptic and functional deficits observed in mice after hypoxia, suggesting that myelination may possibly facilitate excitatory presynaptic innervation. As a gain-of-function experiment, we specifically ablated the muscarinic receptor 1 (M1R), a negative regulator of oligodendrocyte differentiation in oligodendrocyte precursor cells.

Improved recombinant protein production in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Unlabelled: Production and isolation of recombinant proteins are key steps in modern Molecular Biology. Expression vectors and platforms for various hosts, including both prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems, have been used. In basic plant research, Arabidopsis thaliana is the central model for which a wealth of genetic and genomic resources is available, and enormous knowledge has been accumulated over the past years - especially since elucidation of its genome in 2000.

A Gelatin Hydrogel-Containing Nano-Organic PEI⁻Ppy with a Photothermal Responsive Effect for Tissue Engineering Applications.

The introduction and designing of functional thermoresponsive hydrogels have been recommended as recent potential therapeutic approaches for biomedical applications. The development of bioactive materials such as thermosensitive gelatin-incorporated nano-organic materials with a porous structure and photothermally triggerable and cell adhesion properties may potentially achieve this goal. This novel class of photothermal hydrogels can provide an advantage of hyperthermia together with a reversibly transformable hydrogel for tissue engineering.

Clinical Usefulness of the Microbubble Contrast Agent SonoVue in Enhancing the Effects of High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound for the Treatment of Adenomyosis.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical usefulness of the microbubble contrast agent SonoVue in enhancing high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) for the treatment of adenomyosis.

Methods: A total of 102 patients with adenomyosis, assessed from August 2015 to April 2017, were randomly divided into 1-minute (A) and 10-minute (B) groups, respectively. In groups A and B, HIFU started 1 minute and 10 minutes, respectively, after SonoVue injection.

In Vivo Photoacoustic Imaging of Brain Injury and Rehabilitation by High-Efficient Near-Infrared Dye Labeled Mesenchymal Stem Cells with Enhanced Brain Barrier Permeability.

Stem cell migration and interaction with pathology are critical to understand the complexity and status of disease recovery progress. However, the dynamic visualization still remains a great challenge due to imaging technical limitation, cell labeling difficulty, or blood-brain barrier (BBB). Herein, fast photoacoustic tomography (PAT) with optical molecular probes is applied to noninvasively monitor traumatic brain injury (TBI) and its rehabilitation.

[Stress change of periodontal ligament of the anterior teeth at the stage of space closure in lingual appliances: a 3-dimensional finite element analysis].

Objective: To analyze the stress distribution in the periodontal ligament (PDL) under different loading conditions at the stage of space closure by 3D finite element model of customized lingual appliances.

Methods: The 3D finite element model was used in ANSYS 11.0 to analyze the stress distribution in the PDL under the following loading conditions: (1) buccal sliding mechanics (0.

Genipin-crosslinked adipose stem cell derived extracellular matrix-nano graphene oxide composite sponge for skin tissue engineering.

Autologous skin grafts, which can cause donor site morbidity, are currently used to treat deep wounds. To improve the regeneration of poorly healing wounds, cell-derived extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffolds are garnering great research interest due to their associated lower risks of pathogen transfer and immune rejection. However, the mechanical properties of cell-derived ECM scaffolds are inferior when compared to those of tissue-derived ECM scaffolds.

Strategic Design and Fabrication of Nerve Guidance Conduits for Peripheral Nerve Regeneration.

Nerve guidance conduits (NGCs) have been drawing considerable attention as an aid to promote regeneration of injured axons across damaged peripheral nerves. Ideally, NGCs should include physical and topographic axon guidance cues embedded as part of their composition. Over the past decades, much progress has been made in the development of NGCs that promote directional axonal regrowth so as to repair severed nerves.

Purification and characterization of Arabidopsis thaliana oligosaccharyltransferase complexes from the native host: a protein super-expression system for structural studies.

The oligosaccharyltransferase (OT) complex catalyzes N-glycosylation of nascent secretory polypeptides in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum. Despite their importance, little is known about the structure and function of plant OT complexes, mainly due to lack of efficient recombinant protein production systems suitable for studies on large plant protein complexes. Here, we purified Arabidopsis OT complexes using the tandem affinity-tagged OT subunit STAUROSPORINE AND TEMPERATURE SENSITIVE3a (STT3a) expressed by an Arabidopsis protein super-expression platform.