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The need for alternative hydrophilic polymers to polyethylene glycol (PEG) has intensified due to increasing concerns about immunogenicity and hypersensitivity reactions. In this work, we report the synthesis of well-defined heterotelechelic poly-N-ethylglycine (pNEtGly) via acid-catalyzed ring-opening polymerization of N-substituted N-carboxyanhydrides with a degree of polymerization from 25 to 400. The Leuchs synthesis was modified and optimized for the preparation of high-purity N-ethylglycine NCA monomers, enabling controlled polymerization with the use of organic acid catalysts. The resulting pNEtGly have low polydispersity values (Ð < 1.05) and quantitative end-group fidelity, enabling the synthesis of well-defined polymer-lipid and polymer-protein conjugates. A palmitamide-functionalized pNEtGly demonstrated near-quantitative conversion to polymer-lipid conjugates. Furthermore, maleimide-functionalized pNEtGly was conjugated to human serum albumin (HSA) via thiol-maleimide coupling, forming a protein-polymer conjugate with high purity. These results establish pNEtGly as another interesting hydrophilic polymer for biomedical applications, particularly in lipid-based drug delivery and bioconjugation strategies.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/marc.202500422 | DOI Listing |
Angew Chem Int Ed Engl
September 2025
Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, P.R. China.
Porous organic cages (POCs) have emerged as promising porous materials for a wide range of applications. However, their development is often limited by insufficient chemical stability and challenges in systematically functionalization. Herein, we reported the design and synthesis of a tetrazine-based POC (TC1) featuring rigid tetrahedral structure, prepared via a one-pot nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAngew Chem Int Ed Engl
September 2025
Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
α-Lipoic acid (LA) has recently emerged as an attractive, inexpensive monomer for synthesizing degradable polymers via ring-opening of its 1,2-dithiolane, introducing easily cleavable disulfide linkages into polymer backbones. Reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) copolymerization with vinyl monomers enables access to degradable poly(disulfide)s with controlled molecular weights. However, conventional thermal RAFT methods suffer from oxygen sensitivity, limited LA incorporation (<40 mol%), and modest degrees of polymerization (DP < 300).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Cell Mol Med
September 2025
College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
Berberine (BBR) is an isoquinoline alkaloid with a variety of biological activities, including anti-microbial and anti-tumoral activities. However, the cellular targets of BBR and the roles of BBR in the radiosensitivity of breast cancer cells are not well defined. In this study, we investigated the effects of BBR on the radiosensitivity of BT549 triple-negative breast cancer cells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Biol Macromol
September 2025
Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga (E), Mumbai, 400019, India. Electronic address:
Integrating multi-enzyme systems within metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) has garnered significant attention in biocatalysis due to their tunable structural properties and ability to enhance enzyme performance in cascade reactions. The unique features of MOFs, such as well-defined pore apertures, tailorable compositions, and high loading capacity, facilitate the design of robust multi-enzyme bio-composites with enhanced recyclability and specificity. This review explores systematic approaches for the compartmentalization and positional co-immobilization of multiple enzymes within MOFs, focusing on two key strategies: (i) layer-by-layer assembly and (ii) pore-engineered compartmentalization.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChem Commun (Camb)
September 2025
Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
Solar-driven hydrogen peroxide (HO) production offers a green and sustainable alternative to the energy-intensive anthraquinone process, utilizing water and oxygen as feedstock and solar energy as the sole input. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs), owing to their well-defined crystalline structures and tunable electronic properties, have emerged as a compelling platform for photocatalytic HO synthesis. However, the efficiency of HO photosynthesis remains limited by sluggish charge separation and rapid carrier recombination.
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