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Article Abstract
Exosomes, which are nano-sized natural vesicles secreted by cells, are crucial for intercellular communication and interactions, playing a significant role in various physiological and pathological processes. Their characteristics, such as low toxicity and immunogenicity, high biocompatibility, and remarkable drug delivery capabilities-particularly their capacity to traverse the blood-brain barrier-make exosomes highly promising vehicles for drug administration in the treatment of brain disorders. This review provides a comprehensive overview of exosome biogenesis and isolation techniques, strategies for the drug loading and functionalization of exosomes, and exosome-mediated blood-brain barrier penetration mechanisms, with a particular emphasis on recent advances in exosome-based drug delivery for brain disorders. Finally, we address the opportunities and challenges associated with utilizing exosomes as a drug delivery system for the brain, summarizing the barriers to clinical translation and proposing future research directions.
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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11942545 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms26062491 | DOI Listing |
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