Summary of the best evidence for the management of kinesiophobia in patients after cardiac surgery.

Background: This study aimed to systematically search for relevant evidence on the management of kinesiophobia in patients after cardiac surgery both home and abroad. The evidence was evaluated and integrated to provide reference for clinical practice.

Methods: According to the '6S' evidence pyramid model, evidence related to managing kinesiophobia in patients after cardiac surgery were systematically searched from relevant domestic and foreign guideline websites and professional association websites and databases from the date of their establishment to December 31, 2024. The quality of the literature was evaluated by two master's students who had completed their professional training and assessment at the Evidence-based Nursing Center of Fudan University. These students also extracted and summarised the pertinent evidence that met the literature quality evaluation standards.

Results: Sixteen studies were included, including two guidelines, three expert consensus, six systematic reviews, two meta-analyses, and threerandomizedcontrolled trials. A total of 20 pieces of evidence were formed in seven aspects: management principles, exercise guidance, pain management, psychological intervention, health education, social support, and follow-up management.

Conclusions: The comprehensive evidence summarised in this study for managing kinesiophobia in patients after cardiac surgery can provide resources for clinical translation. These insights can inform the development of kinesiophobia management plans to support the rapid recovery of patients after major surgery.

Trial Registration: This study was registered at the Center for Evidence-Based Nursing of Fudan University (registration number ES20245486).

Clinical Trial Number: This study was registered at the Center for Evidence-Based Nursing of Fudan University (registration number ES20245486).This study is a summary of the best evidence and does not involve clinical trials and, therefore, no Clinical trial number.