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Primary membranous nephropathy (PMN) is one of the prevalent pathological types of adult primary nephrotic syndrome. Pathogenic autoantibodies targeting podocyte antigens such as phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R) lead to the disease. Patients frequently experience notable adverse effects when treated with conventional immunosuppressive therapies. Rituximab (RTX), a mouse/human monoclonal antibody, selectively depletes B cells and leads to a decrease in the antibody levels in the circulation, which helps to alleviate membranous nephropathy. Various RTX dosage regimens have been applied globally in the PMN treatment with satisfactory effects. Nevertheless, the optimal dosage of RTX has yet to be determined. This article reviews the application of different doses of RTX in the management of PMN so far.
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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11531282 | PMC |
http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/IJNRD.S489455 | DOI Listing |
Front Immunol
September 2025
Department of Nephrology, Kidney Disease Medical Center, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, National Key Clinical Specialty, Tianjin Key Medical Discipline, Tianjin, China.
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of obinutuzumab, a novel anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody, in patients with primary membranous nephropathy (pMN).
Methods: Fifty-five patients with pMN treated with obinutuzumab were respectively enrolled in this study. Clinical and immunological response, renal function and adverse events were assessed throughout the follow-up period between patients receiving obinutuzumab as initial therapy and alternative therapy.
Ren Fail
December 2025
Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
Background: Rituximab (RTX) has become the first-line therapy for idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN). The safety of low-dose and long-course RTX regimen in elderly patients with IMN remains unknown.
Methods: Sixty-nine IMN patients with anti-M-phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R) antibodies-positive were recruited for this study.
Curr Med Sci
September 2025
Department of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi, 417000, China.
Objective: IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is the most prevalent form of primary glomerular disease. However, its diagnosis is contingent on kidney biopsy. Therefore, noninvasive biomarkers are urgently needed for diagnosis.
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September 2025
Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
Background: Primary Membranous Nephropathy (PMN) is characterized by dysregulated immune responses, with B cells playing critical roles in disease pathogenesis. However, the immunopathogenic mechanisms underlying B cell involvement in PMN remain elusive.
Methods: We employed single-cell RNA sequencing on peripheral blood mononuclear cell samples (PBMC) obtained from 6 patients with PMN and 3 healthy controls (NC) to explore the transformation of B cells and their interaction with immune cells.
Clin Kidney J
September 2025
Instituto de Investigación 12 de Octubre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Madrid, Spain.
Background: Patients with primary membranous nephropathy may progress to advanced chronic kidney disease despite immunosuppressive therapy (IST). Prediction of treatment response based on early and combined assessment of several standard clinical markers could improve risk stratification for progression, allowing timely individualization of treatment, which can optimize clinical outcomes and safety.
Methods: In this exploratory analysis of the STARMEN trial, we evaluated if combined baseline data, and IST-induced early changes in standard clinical markers predicted clinical remission at 2 years.