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Leukemias are refractory hematological malignancies, characterized by marked intrinsic heterogeneity which poses significant obstacles to effective treatment. However, traditional bulk sequencing techniques have not been able to effectively unravel the heterogeneity among individual tumor cells. With the emergence of single-cell sequencing technology, it has bestowed upon us an unprecedented resolution to comprehend the mechanisms underlying leukemogenesis and drug resistance across various levels, including the genome, epigenome, transcriptome and proteome. Here, we provide an overview of the currently prevalent single-cell sequencing technologies and a detailed summary of single-cell studies conducted on leukemia, with a specific focus on four key aspects: (1) leukemia's clonal architecture, (2) frameworks to determine leukemia subtypes, (3) tumor microenvironment (TME) and (4) the drug-resistant mechanisms of leukemia. This review provides a comprehensive summary of current single-cell studies on leukemia and highlights the markers and mechanisms that show promising clinical implications for the diagnosis and treatment of leukemia.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40164-024-00479-6 | DOI Listing |
Crit Rev Immunol
September 2025
Department of Biochemistry, University of Kerala, Kariavattom, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India 695581.
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune condition that impacts the immune system, especially through changes in the splenic immune cell system. This review provides an overview of the role of splenocytes in T cell signaling and their immune response in RA patients. The spleen acts as a critical site for the activation and differentiation of splenic immune cells like T cells, B cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, and NK cells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMol Carcinog
September 2025
Department of Urology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
B cells located in tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) may undergo clonal expansion, somatic hypermutation, isotype switching, and tumor-specific antibody production, suggesting that antibody-producing plasma cells may be involved in antitumor immunity. This study used a combination of single-cell sequencing (five samples from our center, and four samples from PRJNA662018) and spatial transcriptome (one sample from our center, and four samples from GSE169379) research methods to investigate the relationship between TLSs and the immunoglobulin repertoire in muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). 405 patients with MIBC from TCGA and 348 patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma on PD-L1 inhibitor treatment from the IMvigor210 trial were included in this study.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGenes (Basel)
August 2025
Translational-Transdisciplinary Research Center, Clinical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 05278, Republic of Korea.
: Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a heterogeneous clonal hematopoietic disorder characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis and leukemic transformation risk. Current therapies show limited efficacy, with ~50% of patients failing hypomethylating agents. This review aims to synthesize recent discoveries through an integrated network model and examine translation into precision therapeutic approaches.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBlood Neoplasia
May 2025
Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN.
Am J Hematol
August 2025
ARUP Laboratories, Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
Idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease (iMCD) is a rare cytokine-driven disorder characterized by systemic inflammation, organ dysfunction, and altered lymph node microscopic architecture. Over the past decade, diagnostic criteria have evolved significantly, integrating clinical, histopathological, and molecular biomarker advancements. Key drivers of iMCD pathogenesis, such as interleukin-6 dysregulation and other dysfunctional cytokine signaling, have been identified and led to the development of targeted therapies like siltuximab and tocilizumab.
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