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The amidine functionality switches between hydrogen bond donor and acceptor roles depending on pH. Herein, the amidine was incorporated to select amides in cyclo(d-Ala-Pro-d-Phe-Pro-Gly). The unprotonated amidine-containing macrocyclic conformation resembles its oxoamide counterpart. Upon protonation, minimal alterations in the macrocyclic conformation were observed despite changes to the hydrogen bond network. The amidine disrupts hydrogen bonding at minimal steric cost, making it a useful functionality to study the effect of hydrogen bonding on the macrocyclic conformation.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.orglett.0c03369 | DOI Listing |
Org Lett
September 2025
College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
Cycloparaphenylenes (CPPs) possess radial π-conjugation structures and host-guest capability. Herein, we report the synthesis of novel CPP analogues featuring a flexible ,-diphenyldihydrodibenzo[a, c]phenazine (DPAC) unit. These molecules feature adaptive cavities that enable efficient host-guest interactions with species such as [2,2]PCP.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOrg Lett
September 2025
School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering and Institute for Advanced Studies, Taizhou University, 1139 Shifu Road, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318000, China.
Here, intramolecular hydrogen bond (IMHBs)-induced rigidity is used for the first time to synthesize macrocyclic arenes. Calix[]azanediyldibenzoates (C[]A, where = 3, 4, or 5) are synthesized through a one-step condensation reaction between dimethyl 2,2'-azanediyldibenzoate and paraformaldehyde. Compared to the monomer, the macrocycles exhibit a fast and significant acidochromic response due to the intramolecular charge transfer that is boosted by the synergistic effect of their adsorption and protonation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChem Sci
August 2025
South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Emergent Soft Matter, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
Cyclic oligomers with multiple redox centers are ideal models for intramolecular electron transfer processes, as they feature well-defined spatial geometries and degenerate energy states. The design and synthesis of such structures with strongly interacting monomers, however, remains a significant challenge. Here, we report a one-pot synthesis of an acetylene-bridged ferrocene macrocycle (9) using alkyne metathesis, with a remarkable 43% isolated yield.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAngew Chem Int Ed Engl
August 2025
Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
Pillar[n]arenes are popular macrocycles used in various supramolecular systems and materials due to their unique host-guest properties and ease of synthesis. Their pillar shape originates from the cyclic arrangement of methylene-bridged hydroquinone groups. They usually exist in one of two conformations where all the hydroquinone rings are oriented in the same direction (left or right), which is the source of their planar chirality.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChemistry
August 2025
School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
Chiroptical switches exhibit stimuli-induced changes in the sign or strength of their circular dichroism (CD) or circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) and are materials with significant potential for chiroptical sensing and biological imaging. However, the chromophores used in chiroptical materials usually require excitation by ultraviolet or visible light, which results in higher cytotoxicity and lower penetration compared to near-infrared (NIR) photoexcitation. This can be overcome by multiphoton excitation, yet multiphoton CPL (MP-CPL) has been challenging to measure in organic emitters.
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